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Before taxes, Congress would "ask" states for money and the states didn't give them money and that was a reason for the creation of the constitution. The reason to tax's real goal is to "protect" domestic industry against foreign competition by increasing the cost of foreign goods.

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The Constitution places 4 limitations on the taxing power: 1 Congress may not tax exports. 2 Congress may not tax exports. 3 Direct taxes must be apportioned among the States, according to their populations.

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There are no constitutional limits on the amount of money that Congress may borrow, and no restriction on the purposes for which the borrowing can be done. Congress has put a required ceiling on the public debt. For decades, the Federal Government has practiced deficit financing. Three major factors combined to make the four years of budget surpluses: 1 a sharp downturn in the nation's economy 2 several major tax cuts pushed by President and enacted by Congress 3 the onset of the global war on terrorism in 2001 and the ongoing conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq.

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The first case involving the commerce clause to reach the supreme court. The case arose out of a clash over the regulation of steamboats by the State of New York and the Federal Government. Thomas Gibbons, operating with a coasting license from the Federal Government, began to carry passengers on a line that competed with Ogden. Ogden sued him, and the New York courts held that Gibbons could not sail by steam in New York waters. Gibbons appealed that ruling to the Supreme Court claiming that the New York grant conflicted with the congressional power to regulate commerce. The Court's ruling was widely popular at the time because it dealt a death blow to steamboat monopolies.

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The power of Congress to regulate intestate and foreign trade. The Framers wrote the Commerce Clause and it proved to be more responsible for the building of a strong government and United States out of a weak confederation than any other provision in the Constitution.

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The Constitution places four explicit limits on the use of the commerce power. Congress 1 cannot tax exports 2 cannot favor the ports of one State over those of any other in the regulation of trade 3 cannot require that "Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear or pay Duties in another" 4 could nit interfere with the slave trade, at least not until the year 1808

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Congress has the power to establish... uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States. Bankruptcy is the legal proceeding in which the bankrupt's assets are distributed among those whom debt is owed. That proceeding frees the bankrupt from legal responsibility for debts acquired before bankruptcy.

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Nearly all the Framers agreed on the need of "hard" money. So the Constitution gave the currency powers to Congress, and it all but excluded the States from that field. From 1789 on, among the most important of all of the many tasks performed by the Federal Government has been that of providing the nation with a uniform, stable monetary system. Congress chartered the first Bank of the United States in 1791 and gave it the power to issue paper money. Although the states could not issue paper money themselves, State governments licensed private banks, whose notes did circulate as money. At first, the Greenbacks could not be redeemed for gold or silver. Therefore, in the cases of the Legal Tender Cases in 1871 and Juliard v. Greenman in 1884, both ruled the issuing of paper money as legal tender to be a proper use of the currency power. The Court also declared this a power properly implied from the borrowing and the war powers.