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How Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development relates to the age group: 1-3-year-olds​

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How Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development relates to the age group: 1-3-year-olds​

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-The Sensory Motor Stage relates directly to this age group because this is when a child develops their first habits and uses all five senses to explore an environment.
-This is when children become getting curious about the rest of the world while exploring different objects, toys, animals, etc.
-The Pre-Operational Stage directly relates to this age group as well. This is where children explore dramatic play and role play situations. This is shown when children imitate others in a different role. I see this type of play A LOT during observation.

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- Most children are able to understand simple directions or tasks
-For example: Teacher asks child, "Can you pick up your shoes and place it in your cubby?" Even though child might not verbally respond, they are still able to accomplish the task at hand
-Children constantly pick out books for adults to read to them
-They are able to follow along and point out distinct animals, objects, or toys that they are familiar with
-LP (My Child Study), greatly enjoys exploring on his own, being independent, and figuring out solutions to roadblocks that arise
-All children in the classroom are able to use utensils while eating
-All children are learning and developing at different rates, although it seems as if all the children are on the appropriate track to cognitive thinking and learning
-Lastly, children are smart enough to understand when other peers are hurt or sad. Ive witnessed some children console others when they are upset which was truly fascinating to watch at such a young age

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o  Ages: 12- early adulthood

o  Have the ability to think more rationally, sophisticated and advanced

o  Able to use logic to come up with solutions to problems

o  Form a deeper understanding of our own identity

o  People become more compassionate during this stage

o  Egocentric thoughts begin to take action

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o  Ages: 7-11

o  Finally discovers logic

o  Sorting objects in certain orders

o  Brains learn to rearrange our thoughts

o  Children learn they can reverse actions by doing the opposite

o  Apply new mental abilities while increasing cognitive function and achievement in school

o  Children’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are unique to themselves

o  Children start to learn to put themselves in others shoes

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o  Ages: 2-7

o  Children have lots of fantasy, imagination and creativity. They often believe objects are alive and real

o  Learn to speak and have symbolic meanings

o  Dramatic play and role play are greatly used in this stage. Children greatly enjoy imitating things or people

o  Children become very curious about the world and ask many questions

o  Thinking is still egocentric
o The child thinks everyone views the world through the same lens

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o Ages: 0-2

o  Our brain wants to use all five senses as much as possible

o  We develop our first habits, and become aware of things happening around us

o Realization of object permanence

o  We begin getting curious about the world, trying new foods, and explore areas by ourselves and with peers.

o  We learn to sit, crawl, stand, walk, and then eventually run

o  We perceive the world only through our point of view

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Piaget's Four Stages of The Cognitive Development Theory 

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Piaget's Four Stages of The Cognitive Development Theory 

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1. The Sensory Motor Stage
2. The Pre-Operational Stage
3. The Concrete Operational Stage
4. The Formal Operational Stage

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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

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Typically by 1 and a half to 2 years old, children are likely to...

·     Babbling loudly often to themselves and to others

·     Listening to things said to them and understanding

·     Starting to put words together to form a short sentence (Ex. Child states: “I’m all done”) when completing a meal.

·     Able to follow simple directions like, “Please go put your bowl in the bucket.” Or, “Do you need to go potty?” The child is likely to nod or suggest that they need to.

·     Able to identify with a familiar adult or peer

·     By 1 and a half-2 years old, many children start expanding their vocabulary by saying simple words, colors, objects, or even some people’s names with pronunciation difficulties.

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Berger, Kathleen Stassen. Developing Person Through Childhood & Adolescence. Worth Pub, 2012.

Learn the Signs. Act Early. (2017, October 03). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-2yr.html

Morin, A. (n.d.). Developmental Milestones for Typical 2-Year-Olds. Retrieved from https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/signs-symptoms/developmental-milestones/developmental-milestones-for-typical-2-year-olds

Toddler Developmental Milestones. (2011). Retrieved October 13,2018 from http://www.kamloopschildrenstherapy.org/social-emotional-toddler-milestones

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Milestones for 1 and a half- 2 years old:

·     Vocabulary of about 10 words

·     Points to pictures of familiar objects or people (Ex: a dog, or picture of family)

·     Is able to wave bye-bye to a peer or adult when leaving

·     May indicate to an adult that their diaper is wet

·     Understands and asks for “another” or “more” of something

·     Distinguishes between self and others

·   Putting to animals in a book and/or following along as adult reads
· Repeating words said by teacher or another peer
· Begins to sort shapes and colors

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By: Nicole Haddad
Milestones:
- Crawls skillfully and quickly
- Stands alone
- Walks unassisted
- Pushes/Pulls toys while walking
- Runs
- Squats for long periods while playing
- Climbs stairs unassisted, one step at a time
- Jumps up and down
- Balances on one foot momentarily
- Holds cup or glass in one hand
- Unbuttons large buttons
- Unzips large zippers
- Open doors with doorknobs
- Stacks objects one top of one another
- Uses feet to propel wheeled riding toys
- Throws large ball
- Kicks large ball
- Feeds self with minimal assistance (Example: During my child study children eat snack all by themselves, they serve snack family style so the children can practice sharing and using kitchen utensils like tongs.)
- Begins to pedal wheeled riding toys
- Carries a container of liquid without spilling
- Washes and dries hands
- Achieves bladder control

Social Learning Theory:
Bandura's social learning theory is a theory of learning and social behaviors which proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. In addition to the observation of behavior, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as vicarious reinforcement. When a particular behavior is rewarded regularly, it will most likely persist; conversely, if a particular behavior is constantly punished, it will most likely desist. Key tenets of social learning theory are as follows:

1. Learning is not purely behavioral; rather, it is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context.

2. Learning can occur by observing a behavior and by observing the consequences of the behavior (vicarious reinforcement).

3. Learning involves observation, extraction of information from those observations, and making decisions about the performance of the behavior (observational learning or modeling). Thus, learning can occur without an observable change in behavior.

4. Reinforcement plays a role in learning but is not entirely responsible for learning.

5. The learner is not a passive recipient of information. Cognition, environment, and behavior all mutually influence each other (reciprocal determinism).

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CECE Early Childhood Videos at Eastern CT State U.

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Supporting Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers

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by: Maya Gutierrez
Milestones:

Recognize herself in the mirror or photograph and smile or make faces at herself

Begin to say ‘no’ to bedtime and other requests

Imitate adults’ actions and words

Understand words and commands, and respond to them

Hug and kiss parents, familiar people and pets

Bring things to “show” other people

Begin to feel jealousy when she is not the centre of attention

Show frustration easily

May play next to another child, but will not really share until 3 or 4 years of age

React to changes in daily routines

Develop a range of emotions (may have tantrums, show aggression by biting, etc)

Example: During my observations I noticed how one child when being redirected from doing one activity that might be harmful to someone else or themselves he would act very calm and okay with it. However, a minute or two later he would go over to another child and get so excited that he would squeeze them so hard or even bite. This would happen almost everytime being redirected.

Start to assert independence by preferring to try do things “by myself”, without help

Theorists:

Erikson:
Erikson is a psychosocial developmental theorist who came up with the "Eight stages of Man. This helps us predict and observe the affects in young children as their mind and emotions are changing. When looking at his eight stages only stage 1 and 2 seemed to be relevant because past that is ages 4 and up. Although I feel older two year olds do get that sense of guilt that is in stage 3.
Stage 1: Trust v Mistrust
This stage is all about feeling safe as they face their first life changes.
Stage 2: Autonomy v Shame & Doubt
This stage is all about toddlers trying to find themselves as they explore the world and to cope when things don't go their way, which is where doubt comes in.
Stage 3:Initiative v Guilt
This stage is when preschoolers are trying to do everything independently but are scared they wont be able to live up to adults expectations.

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Age 2 Social & Emotional Milestones | Child Development