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We take raw materials and prepare or refine them.

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Processed materials are materials that are processed from raw materials.

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Any material used to construct an object.
TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF MATERIALS.

-Wood

Natural wood: pine, beech, oak...

Man-made wood: plywood and chipboard.

Derivates. paper, cardboard and cork.

-Metal

Ferrous metals: iron,steel...

Non-ferrous metals: zinc,gold...

-Plastics

Natural: latex

Synthetic: PVC, melamine...

-Textiles

Natural: animal(wool...)or plant(cotton...)

Synthetic: lycra, nylon...

-Contruction materials.

Stone: marble, slay...

Binders: plaster, cement

Ceramic: ricks,tiles

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Raw materials are materials taken directly from nature that we process in others materials to make products with.

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-Sensory properties.
These are properties related to the senses: colour,feel or texture, etc.

Transparent

Translucent

Opaque

-Mechanical properties.

Hardness

Toughness

Deformability

Ductility

Malleability.

-Physical properties.

Electrical, thermal and sound conductivity.

Thermal expansion.

-Chemical properties.
-Environmental properties.

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PROPERTIES OF WOOD.
Depend on the type (hard-soft).The climate and humidity where the tree came from...
-Tensile strength: good in longitudinal direction.
-Compresive strenght: good in transverso direction.
-Flexural strengh: It's good, but better in transverse direction.
Use to in construtition and structures.
Trees - ash, fir, elm and pine.
-Hardness: vary. It depends on the types of wood, the structure and the cutting directión
-Toughness: It´s tough. It's used for sports equipment.
-Thermal and electrical conductivity: It is very low. Wood is a good insulator of heat and electricity.
-Sound conductivity: Good, it's used for musical instrument.
-Colour: Different woods have different colours. It's used to make furniture.
-Density: Is a light material. Floats. It's used to build ships.

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-Hardness: this is the resistence of materials to be scratched or pierced.
-Toughness: this is the resistence of materilas to be broken when we strike it.
-Deformability: this is the ability of a material to be deformed.
-Ductility: this is the ability of a material to be stretched into a wire.
-Malleability: this is the ability of materials to be preesed or rolled into a sheet

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-Man-made wood enhances the properties of natural wood and reduces it's price.

Plywood

Chipboard

-Wood derivatives are usually obtained from leftover wood(chips, sawdust, etc).

Paper

Cardboard

Cork

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-Ferrous materials is difficult to find in pure form in nature.
Depending on the percentage of carbon are

Iron (carbon-less 0.1%)

Steel (carbon-0.1% to 2%)

Cast iron (carbon-2 % to 6.67%)

-Non Ferrous materials

Copper (good conductor, highly resistant, ductile and malleable).

Tin (ductile malleable easy to work and to melt)

Aluminium (very light, resistan, good conductor, non toxic, ductile, malleable and easy to shape)

Zinc (malleable, ductile, good conductor, very resistant)