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On December 20 1860 in Charleston, South Carolina, delegates voted to leave the union. Six more states soon followed South Carolina's lead and in February 1861, those states joined together as the Confederate States of America.

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11) Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President

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11) Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President

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The 1860 presidential race was divided three ways, but Lincoln won and became president. The south was now the minority and feared that Congress would try to abolish slavery.

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A lawyer named Abraham Lincoln challenged Stephen A. Douglas for one of the states Senate seat forced Douglas to publicly explain his stance on the issue of slavery. Though Douglas defeated Lincoln at the ballot box, Lincoln left a lasting impression on the north, where support for abolition was gaining momentum.

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A slave from Missouri, who’s owner had brought him for a time to Wisconsin, a free state, sued for his freedom, arguing that his stay in  Wisconsin had made him a free man.the court ruled that Scott had no right to sue is owner, because, as an African American slave, he was not, nor could be a U.S. citizen.

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The violence in Kansas greatly disturbed Massachusetts Senator, Charles Sumner and  hurled insults on southern senators. Two days later, Butler’s nephew, a representative from the same state, attacked Sumner out of rage.

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The Kansas territory settled into a time of extreme violence known as, “Bleeding Kansas.” Pro-slavery “border ruffians” targeted and attacked abolitionists, and Jayhawking abolitionists attempted to terrorize pro-slavery families.

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In 1853, Stephen A. Douglas proposed a bill to organize the territories of Kansas and Nebraska into states because he envisioned the building of a national railroad stretching to California. Like Utah and New Mexico, Douglas argued, Kansas and Nebraska should be allowed to vote for themselves over the issue of slavery. This became known as the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

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The Fugitive Slave Act required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state. The act also made the federal government responsible for finding, returning, and trying escaped slaves.

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In 1850, Henry Clay, now senator from Kentucky had an idea for an agreement allowing California into the Union as a free state. Clay's new compromise had something to please just about everyone. His idea included allowing New Mexico and Utah territories to decide .whether to allow slavery, outlawing the slave trade in Washington D.C., and creating a stronger fugitive slave law.

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After Nat Turner's rebellion, individual slaves continued to rebel by running away to freedom in the North. There fugitives from slavery were often helped in their escape by sympathetic people in the North.

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Fueled by The Second Great Awakening, northerners were determined to push the abolition of slavery through a political solution. They claimed they were being silenced by the so called, “Gag Rule" in which congress put aside indefinitely all anti-slavery petitions.

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Ending the disagreement for Missouri statehood, Henry Clay of Kentucky proposed  the Missouri Compromise of 1820 that stated that Missouri would be admitted as a slave state; but, a new boundary would be established across the remainder of the Louisiana Territory.