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By Ava Carione, Gaby Batarseh, and Christa Mattessich

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By Ava Carione, Gaby Batarseh, and Christa Mattessich

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Works Cited

"AMERICAN INDUSTRIALIST AND PHILANTHROPIST." Encyclopaedia Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Carnegie.

"Andrew Carnegie." History.com, History.comeditors, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/19th-century/andrew-carnegie.

"Andrew Carnegie, Philanthropist." Americaslibrary.gov, www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/carnegie/aa_carnegie_phil_2.html.

"Business Scandal." Americanheritage.org, Oct. 2003, www.americanheritage.com/business-scandal#.

"Entrepreneur, Philanthropist." Biography.com, 2 Apr. 2014, www.biography.com/business-figure/andrew-carnegie.

"Meet the Father of Modern Philanthropy." Medalofphilanthropy.gov, 2020, www.medalofphilanthropy.org/andrew-carnegie/.

"Pioneer. Visionary. Innovator." Carnegie.com, 2015, www.carnegie.org/interactives/foundersstory/#!/.

"THE RICHEST MAN IN THE WORLD." PBS.ORG, 1996, www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/carnegie-biography/.

"Saint or Devil?" Weebly.com, andrewcarnegiehistory.weebly.com/treatment-of-workers.html.

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Carnegie owned the most steel mills before selling them to JP Morgan

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Andrew Carnegie's treatment towards his workers is very contradictory in itself. Carnegies beliefs revolved around the fight for equal rights towards workers and for the union, but he frequently treated his workers unfairly at the same time. His workers worked in less than average conditions and for up to twelve hours a day, rarely with any off-days. As he started gaining more money, he continued this selfish behavior and his workers often rioted for better rights and conditions. As more time went on, he gained more respect for his workers but it wasn't until the end of his career when he truly found inner respect for his working men. This led to his belief in Philanthropy, and his devotion to giving back for his selfish behavior in life.

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Once he retired, he wrote articles. One of his most famous articles was called “WEALTH” which came to be called the Gospel of Wealth.
He believed a man who dies rich is believed to be disgraced. So, he distributed his wealth thinking it was what was best. Carnegie’s own distributions of wealth distributed a total of $350,000,000, of which $62,000,000 went for benefactions in the British empire and $288,000,000 for benefactions in the United States. He had devoted his life to philanthropy after distributing his wealth and died a happy man. Carnegie died at age 83 on August 11, 1919, at Shadow-brook, his estate in Lenox, Massachusetts. He was buried at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in North Tarrytown, New York.

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Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, where his father was pushed out of work due to industrialism, and his father in law joined the popular chartist movement. This organization was the push to fighting for improving conditions for workers by allowing the masses to take over the government. The family then moved to America when Andrew was 13, and by then he was working in a cotton mill. He then worked as a messenger for a telegraph company, where he taught himself about telegraphs and was promoted to telegraph operator. He got a job with the Pennsylvania Railroad and was also a good reader, so he got most of his education from the library. Carnegie was alerted of the 10 impending Adams Express company shares, and he also bought the first company that introduced sleeping cars on the US railroads. He created the largest steel production company in the world called the Carnegie Steel Corporation

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What he created and where he went from it- GB

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What he created and where he went from it- GB

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Andrew Carnegie was also one of the most important philanthropists of his era. He grew up in a un-wealthy family who were big learning activists. They always wanted a proper education for their kids. Andrew Carnegie grew up to be one of the wealthiest industrialists in his era. When he was 14 years old he became a messenger in a telegraph office where he made an income of 1.20 $ per week. He then caught the attention of the superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company who made him his personal secretary. He went to Britain to meet steelmakers. He then began the keystone bridge company. Later in the 1870’s his company began to build steel machines and grow. He recruited people like Henry Clay Frink to work with him in the business and his own brother. The profits of Carnegie steel came up to 40 million and Carnegie had a 25 million profit from his share. He soon sold his company to Jp Morgan for 480 million dollars. He retired and began writing articles about political topics.

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Robber Baron or Captain of Industry?-AC 

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Robber Baron or Captain of Industry?-AC 

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Andrew Carnegie's business life was a very controversial one, but in the end, he ended up becoming a Captain of Industry. Carnegie worked his whole life gaining more and more money from his hard work and although he did use some unethical tactics or turned to some wrong methods at times, he ended up giving back to society in the greatest way he could. Andrew Carnegie's philanthropic views led him to a greater path in life, and he gave away almost all of his fortune to greater goods to help citizens of the United States, and give back what the world had given him in his lifetime. This grants Andrew Carnegie of the term "Captain of Industry", for his contributions led to many greater things later on in society.

The map below shows placed-based philanthropy in America.

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This example of corporate greed occurred in 1890. Battleships became a key component to the Navy during the late 19th century. The United States was building a strong navy and required an armor-plate. Carnegie as well as other steelmakers did not want to provide the necessary mills. The Navy Bureaucrats had expectations that were impossible to meet and armor-plate mills could not be used for other types of steel. Despite his business judgement, Carnegie built a mill. Due to the impossible expectations from the Navy, he had strayed from the specifications in order to build a great armor-plate mill. Without informing his company or having evidence the board of inquiry fined him 15% of the value of the mill. Unfairly, he had no choice but to pay the fine. Unfortunately, he was then stuck with a mill with no one to sell it to and had to continue working with the Navy.

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Evidently, Carnegie was extremely successful. The graph below displays how production and output continued to rise through the years

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Philanthropy is the desire to share ones fortune with others, usually in the form of granting large sums of money to charities. This became the mindset of Andrew Carnegie after retiring at age 61 as the world's richest man for his time period. Carnegie believed that people were morally obligated to grant the money they've earned back into society, known as the "Gospel of Wealth". He gave back what he believed society had granted him, including free public libraries which allowed him to educate himself to gain all of his success. His philanthropy lead to the founding of over 2,500 public libraries, and he spent over $55 million on those accomplishments. He was later titled the "Patron Saint of Libraries" for his generosity. Andrew Carnegies last philanthropic contribution to society was the Carnegie Corporation of New York, and gave up the rest of his $135 million fortune to promote international peace and education.