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Corticosteroids:
1. What are they? anti-inflammatory drug, resembles cortisone
2. Advantages/Disadvantages: Advantages- help with inflammation, asthma, arthritis, lupus, and allergies

Disadvantages-cause cough, sore throat, difficulty speaking, nosebleeds, oral thrush, loss of skin color, insomnia, high blood sugar, and facial flushing from topical corticosteroids. from oral steroids: acne, blurred vision, water retention, and weight gain. Children might become stunted, older people may develop osteoporosis or high blood pressure

1. Use in organ transplants, asthma, and immunity- serve to prevent inflammation in immune system, bronchioles (causing asthma) and help to suppress the immune system during transplants to reduce likelihood of organ rejection

2. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT):

1. What is it? an insecticide; C14H9Cl5

2. What is the relationship between DDT and estrogen? DDT causes protein synthesis to occur resulting in the estrogenic response, can cause breast cancer when allowed to bind

3. Why have most countries banned its use? It caused a range of diseases, mainly cancers, to occur in a bald eagle group, and it was proved to be, then, unsafe.

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1. What is it? a hormone for the maternal recognition of pregnancy produced by trophoblast cells that are surrounding a growing embryo (syncytiotrophoblast initially), which eventually forms the placenta after implantation.

2. What reaction occurs to show a positive pregnancy test?When hCG is present in a solution, anti-hCG combines with it to produce a visible color reaction. In such an immunoassay pregnancy test, anti-hCG and urine are mixed in a test tube or on a glass slide, and the presence or absence of a certain color is noted.

3. How does HCG assist in the development of the placenta?hCG promotes progesterone production by corpus luteal cells; promotes angiogenesis in uterine vasculature; promoted the fusion of cytotrophoblast cell and differentiation to make syncytiotrophoblast cells; causes the blockage of any immune or macrophage action by mother on foreign invading placental cells

4. How is it used in weight loss?If you also go on an ultra-low-calorie diet, backers claim, hCG can “reset your metabolism” so you lose as much as a pound a day without feeling hungry or weak.

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For each of the autonomic responses explain-

-What is it?

-What is the benefit of it for survival?

a.Fight or Flight response:an automatic physiological reaction to an event that is perceived as stressful or frightening. The perception of threat activates the sympathetic nervous system and triggers an acute stress response that prepares the body to fight or flee.
b.Rest and Digest:responsible for the body's rest and digestion response when the body is relaxed, resting, or feeding. It basically undoes the work of sympathetic division after a stressful situation. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion.

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A. Leptin is a protein that’s made in fat cells and stays in the bloodstream to the brain
B. Over your normal weight for your height
C. The levels of leptin can increase the lipid metabolism contributing to obesity

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a.  It is a small protein that is made by the pituitary gland and secreted into the bloodstream, it helps children grow taller, increases muscle mass, and decreases body fat.
b. Applications and experimental use of recombinant HGH: has been used to stimulate the growth of growth-retarded GH deficient children, has been used for other medical diseases and treatments for Turner syndrome and the end stage of renal disease

c. Agricultural implications: artificial hormones are used to aid in plant growth and farm animal growth such as cows

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10a. Leptin is the hormone that regulates hunger, appetite, and fat storage.
10b. BMI of 30 or above is considered obese.
10c. Leptin controls appetite and fat storage. Normally, higher levels would mean lower BMI, but some who are both obese and have high amounts of leptin are considered leptin resistant. This causes them to have trouble regulating hunger and fat storage.

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a. They are natural compounds found in plants and plant-based foods. When eaten, they have the same effect as estrogen(female reproductive hormone) produced by the body.

b. Helps women rebalance hormones as they approach menopause, relieves hot flashes, prevents osteoporosis, treats acne, combats menstrual issues, fights breast cancer, promotes heart health
c. obesity, cancer, and problems with reproduction

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A. They are a type of xenohoromone that imitates estrogen and isn’t produced in the body.
B. They temporarily alter the loops in the hormonal brain by mimicking the effects of estrogen and block the action of natural hormones

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9a. Xenoestrogen is a xenohormone that mimics estrogen.
9b. Xenoestrogen is a xenohormone that mimics estrogen.
9c. These xenohormones are harmful to the body and the endocrine system and can cause dangerous effects such as blood clots and stroke.

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5A. What is the relationship between sleep and hormones?

Several hormones like TSH, cortisol, and PRL are regulated by the sleep cycle, their secretion and balance is linked to your wake cycle and internal body clock.

5B. How does sleep deprivation affect hormones? How can an imbalance be remedied?

Lack of sleep can make these hormones unbalanced. The best way to remedy this is to get your sleep schedule back on track.

6A. Which hormones are unregulated? (Sold over the counter not by a doctor)

Bioidentical

6B. What are the dangers of OTC hormones?

An increased risk of endometrial cancer

Increased risk of blood clots and stroke

Increased chance of gallbladder/gallstone problems.

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Phytoestrogens are compounds that occur naturally in plants. Some benefits of them include fighting breast cancer, helping heart health, fighting acne, etc. Detrimental effects include cancer, changes in hormonal cycles, and more.

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11a. An example of negative feedback is the parathyroid glands secreting a parathyroid hormone to regulate the level of calcium in the blood. The parathyroid glands will increase secretion if the calcium level is too low, and decrease it if it is too high.
11b. The pituitary gland in a mother secreting prolactin which stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk for the baby’s.
12a. The human growth hormone (HGH) contributes the most to aging.
12b. Women - decrease is breast tissue, urinary system changes, increased risk of osteoporosis, and a lower libido; Men - low testosterone, decreased libido, decreased muscle mass, increased abdominal fat, risk of osteoporosis, decreased energy level, slowed thinking, and risk of anemia.
12c. By taking proper care of the body at an early age, but it will only make the body healthy to a certain degree as it ages. It reduces the risk of the effects of aging, but it does not stop aging completely.

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Autonomic Nervous System:

For each of the autonomic responses explain-

-What is it?

It is a control system that acts unconsciously to regulate bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal.

-What is the benefit of it for survival?

It does not take conscious effort so the human brain does not have to dedicate brain power to keeping that part of us alive.

1.Fight or Flight response

In response to stress the body releases hormones by stimulating the adrenal glands and triggering the release of catecholamines(adrenaline and noradrenaline)

2.Rest and Digest

When the body is relaxed, resting, or feeding the parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion.

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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG):
1. What is it?

Hormone for maternal recognition of pregnancy.

2.What reaction occurs to show a positive pregnancy test?

If there is HCG present in the solution the anti HCG will combine with it to produce a visible color reaction.

3.How does HCG assist in the development of the placenta?

HCG is produced by trophoblast cells that are surrounding a growing embryo, which eventually forms the placenta after implantation

4.How is it used in weight loss?

HCG is injected into the body while eating only 500 calories per day.