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If you don’t have a plot, you don’t have a play. The plot leads your story, taking you, your audience and your characters from the beginning to the end. It doesn’t have to be linear, but audiences should be able to follow it.

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If you’re writing a longer play, consider a subplot.

One of my favourite subplots is in Twelfth Night, when Maria and co. trick Malvolio. It’s an equally confusing plot line, but offers a different kind of humour to the main plot. Maria and co. intentionally deceive Malvolio, as they feel that he deserves his comeuppance. Viola, meanwhile, thinks life would be easier as a man and does not intentionally set out to cause any harm. The two plots work together to entertain/horrify/amuse the audience.

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Stage plays are divided into acts, and each act is divided into scenes.

Writers used to go by the three act structure, but more recently writers have deviated away from it.

You have limited physical space with a stage play, so keep this in mind when structuring your play. You can only have a handful of locations compared to a novel, where you can have as many locations as you like. In a play, the more locations you have, the more difficult you make it to translate on to stage. No matter how great your story, if a company/director can’t envision how to stage what you’ve written, they’ll be less likely to want to bring it to life.

Go for locations that are easy to set up and for people to visualise when reading your script. The more complicated you make your structure and set design, the harder it will be for people to follow.

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The design of your set can dramatically alter how actors perform your play.

There are several different types of theatre stage, so choose one and create a set around it.  If you struggle to visualise your set, draw it out. This will help you to visualise it and give you a reference guide.

Make sure that the stage layout is easy to follow in your stage play, though: you don’t want to confuse set designers about how your play should look.

Try not to have too much going on at once—the more complicated you make the set design, the harder it will be for people to understand when they read your script.  It will also make it more difficult for the audience to focus on what’s going on—you want them to focus on the actors, not their surroundings. You also want the audience to use their imagination to visualise what the characters see.

An eye-catching but not distracting backdrop can work better than lots of props on the stage, and is cheaper to produce, too. If you’re setting your play outside a coffee shop and the actors don’t go inside it, consider using a backdrop of a row of shops instead of creating the whole street/shop front. This will be much cheaper to produce, and therefore make your play more attractive to those who can bring it to life.

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Facial expressions should be used sparingly when writing a play.

[bctt tweet=”Facial expressions should be used sparingly when writing a play.” username=”KristinaAdams”]

Saying that your character ‘raises an eyebrow’ is fine for a novel or screenplay, but this is a play: even the audience in the front row will struggle to see a raised eyebrow.

Write your stage directions so that they can be seen even from the gods. Use body language over facial expressions to show how your character is feeling: your audience will read it better than facial expressions anyway.

The way that you phrase your characters’ sentences should show the reader of your stage play exactly what your character is thinking/feeling. The actor will then be able to easily translate this on to the stage, using the tone of their voice to emphasise the dialogue.

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Make sure your play is laid out correctly. There are different ways of laying a play out depending on if you’re British or American, or whether you’re a writer or an actor.  For a writer in the UK, thisis the one you should use.

Also make sure you don’t confuse a screenplay layout with a stage play one.

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Your audience is important for a play because you need to be able to market it.

Think about the age, gender, demographic, class, background, education, and anything else (no matter how trivial it may seem), when picturing who you’re writing for. Come up with your perfect audience member, and tailor your script to them. The narrower your imaginary audience is, the easier it will be to write your script.

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Like any other piece of writing, each of your characters should be unique and easy for the audience to identify.  They also shouldn’t be walking stereotypes.

Many of your audience won’t be able to see your character, so it’s particularly important that they stand out in the way that they speak because there will be less visual cues, especially for those high up and/or with poor eyesight.  The way your characters speak can tell your audience a variety of things including their class and educational level, and it’s therefore important to get this right.