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A "separate but equal" doctrine was established for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. (pg 115)

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Sylvia, an 8 year old Mexican American girl, living in O.C, just wanted to go to a nice school.

Sylvia and her brothers were denied entry to the superior white school, and her parents led a community battle and class action lawsuit that went to the CA Supreme Court.

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"Teach Us All"

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At the trial O.C superintendents used derogatory terms, and argued that language barriers warranted segregation.

After a fierce fight from the Mendez family they won the case making CA the first state to be integrated.

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"Teach Us All"

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Brown vs. Board of Education declared segregation in schools unconstitutional.

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Nine African Americans students came together as the "Little Rock Nine" to desegregate the all white southern high school "Central High". They wanted educational equality.

A mob of White segregationists gathered around the school yelling "we ain't gonna integrate" to stop the Little Rock Nine from attending school.

September 25th, armed soldiers escorted Little Rock Nine into the school, and became a standoff between federal government and state governor.

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Earnest Green became the first black student to graduate from Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas.

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Institutions receiving federal funds cannot discriminate. (pg 114)

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Provided financial assistance to local schools to develop programs to meet the educational needs of Native Americans. (pg 121)

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Guaranteed equal educational opportunities to non English speaking students by requiring public schools to provide special assistance to these students to learn English so that they could equally participate in the educational process. (pg 125)

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A group of students challenge several CA statutes around teaching tenure, hoping to rid the district of grossly ineffective teachers.

The students won the case, but it was later overturned.

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They took the cases all the way to the Supreme Court, which in August they declined to even hear the case.

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"Teach Us All"