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As Dill begins to cry at the trial, the innocence of the whole novel is lost.

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Prejudice is an unjustified or incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual's membership of a social group. For example, a person may hold prejudiced views towards a certain race or gender etc. (e.g. sexist).

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Wikipedia

Prejudice[1] is an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group membership. The word is often used to refer to a preconceived, usually unfavourable, evaluation of another person based on that person's political affiliation, 🤬, gender, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race, ethnicity, language, nationality, beauty, occupation, education, criminality, sport team affiliation or other personal characteristics.[2]

Prejudice can also refer to unfounded or pigeonholed beliefs[3][4] and it may include "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence".[5] Gordon Allport defined prejudice as a "feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience".[6] Auestad (2015) defines prejudice as characterized by 'symbolic transfer', transfer of a value-laden meaning content onto a socially formed category and then on to individuals who are taken to belong to that category, resistance to change, and overgeneralization.[7]

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Prejudice is an unjustified or incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual's membership of a social group. For example, a person may hold prejudiced views towards a certain race or gender etc. (e.g. sexist).

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Boo Radley’s innocence is ruined by the prejudice of the bored townsfolk of Maycomb. The children of the town assume he poisons nuts and eats squirrels. The rumours following Boo have pushed so far past reality that he has become a myth and his innocence has therefore been ruined.

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In To Kill a Mockingbird, children live in an inventive world where mysteries abound but little exists to actually cause them harm. Scout and Jem spend much of their time inventing stories about their reclusive neighbor Boo Radley, gleefully scaring themselves before rushing to the secure, calming presence of their father, Atticus. As the novel progresses, however, the imaginary threat that Boo Radley poses pales in comparison to the real dangers Jem and Scout encounter in the adult world. The siblings’ recognition of the difference between the two pushes them out of childhood and toward maturity—and as they make that transition, Boo Radley, their childhood bogeyman, helps serve as link between their past and their present.

The games and stories Jem and Scout create around Boo Radley depict him as a source of violence and danger. However, though these inventions seem designed to prove the children’s braveness and maturity, they paradoxically prove that Jem, Scout, and their friend Dill fundamentally remain children. Their stories are gruesome, and the thrill of their games—such as touching the side of Boo’s house—comes from the danger they imagine they would face if Boo were to catch them. However, the children are able to indulge in wild imaginings and take what they perceive as risky chances only because they feel completely safe in the care of Atticus, who protects them from a dark, dangerous world. The threatening, menacing Boo thus remains firmly entrenched in their childhood worldview, where adults are infallible and all-powerful.

When adult protection breaks down in the novel, Jem and Scout get their first taste of true danger, which is different from the imagined dangers they’d attributed to Boo Radley. The fire at Miss Maudie’s, Mrs. Dubose’s grisly death, and the violence and unrest that trails in the wake of the Tom Robinson case introduce real misfortune and anxiety into their lives. For the first time, adults are frightened and sad along with the children, and therefore cannot be counted on to provide security or refuge. Boo Radley, once such a threatening presence, now seems like a remnant of a more innocent time. The contrast between then and now seems all the more stark because Boo Radley remains in their lives, a constant reminder of how things had been before.

Faced with real dangers, Jem and Scout must tap into new levels of maturity in order to deal with tragedy, new social challenges, and increased familial expectations. As their relationship with Atticus and the larger adult community changes, their relationship with Boo changes as well. Once just a creepy, mostly abstract figure, Boo begins playing a more active role in the children’s lives, first by protecting Scout with a blanket during Miss Maudie’s fire and then by protecting Jem and Scout from an attack by Bob Ewell. Boo had been an integral part of Jem and Scout’s childhood, and, in the midst of their burgeoning adulthood, he serves as a link between their past and their present. Once an imagined enemy and a source of perceived danger, Boo transforms into a true friend and ally, helping them at crucial moments in their transition from childhood to maturity.

The children’s early perspective of “danger” centered on Boo Radley, and only by understanding the contrast between these imagined dangers and the real dangers of the adult world can they pass from childhood into adulthood. But the children’s shifting interactions with Boo points to another element of maturity as well: the capacity for empathy. Once simply an eccentric figure in the children’s games, Boo ultimately becomes a true human being to them—one who has endured more than his fair share of tragedy and deserves his fair share of honor, respect, and affection.

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innocence is a word to describe someone's purity. the mockingbird is displayed as the purity ad innocence of this novel and few characters demonstrate the entire meaning of the mockingbird. the trials of Tom Robinson support the meaning of the mockingbird as it represents Tom Robinson (the victim).

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prejudice—and even promotes these attitudes herself—including classism, sexism, and racism. Regardless of the type of prejudicial worldview, each one treats people as stereotyped groups, demands conformity, and doesn’t give any credit to individuals. Over and over again, To Kill a Mockingbird illustrates how prejudice can be closed-minded and dangerous, as well as seemingly benign—but in all cases, it’s ridiculous and misguided.

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Virtuality is shown throughout the novel when Atticus stood up for Tom Robinson and tried his best to defend  his trial . This proved morality in the way he didn’t care about others opinions on the situation of the trial he believed Tom Robinson was not guilty which was the correct judgment. Morality was also portrayed when Boo Radley protected the children and put his own safety at risk to save scout and Jem. This was a virtuous act to take and had a postive impact on the way Scout and Jem as well as Atticus viewed Boo Radley as he was once seen as the mysterious man who was never seen leaving his home.

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TKAM is set in the Deep South in the 1930's during the Great Depression. During the time prejudice against race was extremely relevant through the segregation of African-Americans. This segregation affected the entire black community and resulted in increased poverty through less jobs opportunities and reduced access to medical care.

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Scout is used by Lee to demonstrate how societal expectations of feminine behavior are pushed upon girls right from a young age. She is described as a tomboy, and does not fit the stereotype for young, gentle and petite girls. She is tough and playful and spends her time outdoors instead of behaving in the expected ‘ladylike manner’.

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Growing up our society teaches children that those who are brave are willing to fight, and always put on a brave face. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee portrays courage as knowing that you are going to lose even before you begin, but standing up for what is right anyways. She shows courage as something new. She shows this through the character’s kindness and through the characters themselves. Tom Robinson goes into court and gallantly standing up for himself even though the probability of going to jail and being killed was so high, Atticus goes to court and defends Tom Robinson even though he knew that the entire town (including his own family) would judge him harshly for it, and even Scout who stands up for her father and will not fight other kids despite what awful things they say about him.

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To Kill a Mockingbird does not just show the racial prejudice of the 1930s, but it also shows many other types of prejudice that were common among people in small, slow-moving towns like Maycomb in the USA, which is where the book was set. With a child-like innocence, the author retells the story of her childhood through the eyes of Scout, a six year-old girl without a mother, and a lawyer for a father.

Scout's father, Atticus Finch, is an almost too perfect father. He teaches his children, Jem and Scout, strong and upright morals, and frequently says that "You never really understand a person... until you climb into his skin and walk around in it" (Chapter 3 of To Kill a Mockingbird).

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Harper Lee puts the role of women and gender prejudice front and center in To Kill a Mockingbird, her novel set in the 1930s in Maycomb, Alabama. Gender prejudice is discriminating against people based on gender. In the case of To Kill a Mockingbird, we are talking about assumptions that all females must behave one way while males must behave in a different way.

The protagonist and narrator, Scout Finch, is a young girl who would rather be anything than a girl. She associates women with frilly dresses, sitting in the background, and silence. As the novel begins, we understand that in Scout's mind, girls can't play boy's games, can't talk dirty, and in general can't have any fun. According to Scout, ''Maycomb is a place where 'ladies' bathed before noon, after their three o'clock naps, and by nightfall were like soft teacakes with frostings of sweat and sweet talcum.''

Scout wants no part of soft or sweet or being a girl. Scout is having a difficult time conforming to the rules of decorum prescribed for 'ladies' in Maycomb. Her Aunt Alexandra works tirelessly to help her make the leap from tomboy to woman. Scout resists. Aunt Alexandra would prefer that Scout play with small stoves and tea sets, but Scout puts up a fight every step of the way. Aunt Alexandra has moved in because, she says, ''We decided it best for you to have some feminine influence.''

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The distinction between what is right or wrong. Lee skillfuly represents the theme of morality through the character of Atticus Finch, who teaches his children valuable moral lessons despite societies prejudice towards minority groups.

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Morality was shown when atticus stood up for Tom when he went for his trial. Boo also showed morality with stopping Bob kill the children🤘🏼✌🏻

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Prejudice is displayed by several characters throughout the duration of the novel. Many people who live in Maycomb are racists and prejudiced against black people. For example, Tom Robinson is assumed to be guilty of sexually assaulting Mayella Ewell simply because he is a black man and she is a white woman, even when the evidence points to him being innocent.

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Atticus spreads moral courage without even realizing it. ... In this case, Atticus knew what he was getting into when he decided to defend a black man. Instead of letting the ignorance of others discourage him, he continued to put on a fair trail and taught his children valuable lessons along the way.

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People in To Kill A Mockingbird that represent the theme of courage consist of Scout and Atticus. Scut shows courage by defending herself in fights to show what she believes is right. Jem and Scout don't think that Atticus is courageous and admirable of other Maycomb fathers because he is a lawyer. Although this doesn't seem like a sign of courage toward Jem and Scout, Atticus's job as a lawyer shows great courage as he believes everyone should have a fair chance. The case of Tom Robinson shows great amounts of courage as the norm in this era was not to defend a black person. White people were not to do anything to help them, it wasn't right.

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People in To Kill A Mockingbird that represent the theme of courage consist of Scout and Atticus. Scut shows courage by defending herself in fights to show what she believes is right. Jem and Scout don't think that Atticus is courageous and admirable of other Maycomb fathers because he is a lawyer. Although this doesn't seem like a sign of courage toward Jem and Scout, Atticus's job as a lawyer shows great courage as he believes everyone should have a fair chance. The case of Tom Robinson shows great amounts of courage as the norm in this era was not to defend a black person. White people were not to do anything to help them, it wasn't right.

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https://www.litcharts.com/lit/to-kill-a-mockingbird/themes/courage

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in tkam, there are many instances in which racism is the predominant theme. when the trial is taking place, it is very evident that the all white male jury favours bob ewell, another white male, over tom robinson, a black male who is innocent in the case. their racist views obscures them from the truth, as they refuse to see what is clear.

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Racism in the United States has existed since the colonial era, and it involved laws, practices and actions that discriminated against various groups or otherwise adversely impacted them based on their race or ethnicity, while most white Americans enjoyed legally or socially sanctioned privileges and rights which were denied to members of other races and minority groups. European Americans—particularly affluent white Anglo-Saxon Protestants—enjoyed advantages in matters of education, immigration, voting rights, citizenship, land acquisition, and criminal procedure throughout American history. Groups which were especially impacted by racism included non-Protestant immigrants from Europe, including the Irish, Poles, and Italians, who were often subjected to xenophobic exclusion and other forms of ethnicity-based discrimination in American society until the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Historically, Hispanics have experienced continuous racism in the United States despite many having European ancestry. Middle Eastern groups such as Jews, Arabs, and Iranians have faced continuous discrimination in the United States, and as a result, some people who belong to these groups do not identify as, and are not perceived to be, white. African Americans faced restrictions on their political, social, and economic freedoms throughout much of United States history. Native Americans have experienced genocide, forced removals, massacres, and discrimination. In addition, East, South, and Southeast Asians along with Pacific Islanders have been discriminated against.

Major racially and ethnically structured institutions and manifestations of racism have included genocide, slavery, segregation, Native American reservations, Native American boarding schools, immigration and naturalization laws, and internment camps.[note 1] Formal racial discrimination was largely banned by the mid-20th century and over time, it came to be perceived as being socially and morally unacceptable. Racial politics remains a major phenomenon, and racism continues to be reflected in socioeconomic inequality.[note 2][2] Research has found extensive evidence of racial discrimination in various sectors of modern U.S. society, including criminal justice, business, the economy, housing, health care, media, and politics in recent years in the United States. In the view of the United Nations and the U.S. Human Rights Network, "discrimination in the United States permeates all aspects of life and extends to all communities of color."[3]

Some Americans saw the presidential candidacy of Barack Obama, who served as president of the United States from 2009 to 2017 and was the nation's first black president, as a sign that the nation had entered a new, post-racial era.[4][5] The election of President Donald Trump in 2016, who was a chief proponent of the racist birther movement in the US (which argued that Obama was not born in the United States) and ran a racially tinged campaign, has been viewed by some commentators as a racist backlash against the election of Barack Obama.[6] Before and after the election, Trump has had a history of speech and actions that have been widely viewed as racist or racially charged. During the mid-2010s, American society has seen a resurgence of high levels of racism and discrimination. One new phenomenon has been the rise of the "alt-right" movement: a white nationalist coalition that seeks the expulsion of sexual and racial minorities from the United States.[7] In August 2017, these groups attended a rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, intended to unify various white nationalist factions. During the rally, a white supremacist demonstrator drove his car into a group of counter-protesters, killing one person and injuring 19.[8][9] Since the mid-2010s, the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Bureau of Investigation have identified white supremacist violence as the leading threat of domestic terrorism in the United States

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Prejudice is a common problem during the early quarter of the twentieth century. In the novel “ To Kill a Mockingbird “ this problem is evident in Maycomb. Boo Radley, Atticus Finch and Tom Robinson are all victims of prejudice, and all three characters are plagued by this

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Prejudice is a common problem during the early quarter of the twentieth century. In the novel “ To Kill a Mockingbird “ this problem is evident in Maycomb. Boo Radley, Atticus Finch and Tom Robinson are all victims of prejudice, and all three characters are plagued by this

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Racism can take many forms, such as jokes or comments that cause offence or hurt, name-calling or verbal abuse, harassment or intimidation, or commentary in the media or online that inflames hostility towards certain racial groups. Racism can also take the form of unfair treatment of people because of their race.

The Racial Discrimination Act makes racism that amounts to discrimination against the law. Racial discrimination is when a person is treated less favourably, or not given the same opportunities, as others in a similar situation, because of their race, the country where they were born, their ethnic origin or their skin colour.

Racism that is racial hatred can also be against the law. Racial hatred is doing or saying something in public, including in the workplace, based on the race, colour, national or ethnic origin of a person or group of people, which is likely to offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate

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The thesis should be one to two sentences that reveal the main idea of the essay. The
thesis should also reveal the relationship between the different ideas.

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In 'To kill a mockingbird' there are many examples of courage. One example is when Mrs Maudie's house burned and even that she continued to smile and reassured the children. Another form of courage is Boo Radley.

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In 'To kill a mockingbird' there are many examples of courage. One example is when Mrs Maudie's house burned and even that she continued to smile and reassured the children. Another form of courage is Boo Radley.

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racism is prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people on the basis of their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.

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The theme of innocence is encapsulated by Scout and Jem’s reactions to various experiences and events throughout the novel. This is exemplified by Scout’s reaction to the verdict of the Tom Robinson Trial. She could not fathom how the jury could see past the clear lack of evidence and how prejudices had pushed them to their verdict.

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Scout Finch

The protagonist and narrator of the story. Scout is a tomboy that lives with her brother Jem, her father Atticus and Calpurnia her cook. Although at the begining she has very prejudiced views, her moral and racial awareness grows as she matures. This was displayed through the lessons taught by the character of Atticus and how Scout deals with the Tom Robinson verdict. Additionally, she appreciates the goodness in people whilst still acknowledging the evil within society.

https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/mocking/characters/

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Research your allocated theme (use Moodle documents if needed) and record any notes on this class Padlet.

My aim for this activity is to have this page be a bank of theme revision notes. Make it your own. Include pictures, titles etc.

Put your best effort in! It's not fair if someone goes the extra mile while others do nothing! This is a shared resource which means a shared effort.