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1. Role of the god(s): “Sing in me Muse and through me tell the story of that man…” (Homer 951) Homer, the author of The Odyssey, asks a daughter of Zues to help him re-tell the story.

2. Plot Point(s): “My home is on the peaked sea-mark of Ithaca…” (Homer 953) Odysseus is the king of Ithica, husband of Penelope, and father of Telemachus.

3. Greek Value(s): “No ship made sail next day until some shipmate had raised a cry, three times, for each poor ghost unfleshed by the Cicones…” (Homer 954) Odysseus valued the Greek value of death. Odysseus and his men "raised a cry" to morn their fallen comrades.

4. Characteristic(s): “My men were mutinous fools…” (Homer 953-54) Odysseus men did not obey him when he ordered them to return to the ship. His men were greedy and disloyal to him.

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1. Role of the God(s): "At this he stretched his hands out in his darkness toward the sky of stars, and prayed Poseidon..." (Homer 386-387) The Cyclops had prayed to Poseidon that he would curse Odysseus to never return to Ithaca.
2. Plot Point(s): "How do you like the beating that we gave you..." (Homer 337) Defeating the Cyclops was one of Odysseus' first tests on his journey home.
3. Greek Value(s): "For they may be wild savages, and lawless, or hospitable and god fearing men..." (Homer 19-20) Greeks believed in displayed hospitality for their guests. The Cyclopes failed to uphold the Greek value of hospitality.
4. Characteristic(s): "My heart beat high now at the chance of action..." (Homer 148) Odysseus displayed bravery in his battle with the Cyclops.

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1. Role of the God(s): "Took our way through the way along the ocean stream to find the way foretold by Circe..." (Homer 973) Circe guided Odysseus to where he needs to go, upon reaching the underworld.
2. Plot Point(s): "When you make landfall on Thraciana first and quiet the violent sea..." (Homer 973) Odysseus crosses the threshold in the underworld when he is guided home.
3. Greek Value(s): "Then I addressed him, gazing upon his abnormally large body..."
(Homer 971) The Greeks valued courage. Odysseus was very courageous and brave to fearlessly speak out.
4. Characteristic(s): "Then I addressed him, gazing upon his abnormally large body..."  (Homer 971) Odysseus showed much courage and bravery in the underworld. Most visitors would be terrified, but Odysseus stood tall.

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1. Role of the God(s): "Dear friends, more than one man, or two, should know things Circe foresaw for us and shared with me..." (Homer 685-687) Circe attempted to drug Odysseus and his men. After failing to do so, she ended up providing them with insight for what is to come to them.
2. Plot Point(s): "They tied me up, then, plumb amidships, back to the mast..." (Homer 713-714) Odysseus faces a test to resist the tempting voices via physical restraint.
3. Greek Value(s): "Sirens weaving a haunting song over the sea we are to shun..." (Homer 690-692) Odysseus shows great courage when he takes on this risky endeavor by himself.
4. Characteristic(s): "The lovely voices in ardor appealing over the water made me crave to listen..." (Homer 745-746) Odysseus loses self-control and desperately wants to give in to the temptation.

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1. Role of the God(s): "Zeus help us pull away before we founder..." (Homer 979) Zeus ignored the cries from Odysseus and his men.
2. Plot Point(s): "She ate them as they shrieked there in her den..." (Homer 978) Odysseus is, as usual, facing a test of survival.
3. Greek Value(s): "And deathly pity ran me through at that sight..." (Homer 823-824) Deep down, Odysseus did not fail to uphold the Greek value of honoring death.
4. Characteristic(s): "We must obey orders as I give them..." (Homer 773) Odysseus displayed a great deal of leadership in his men's eyes.

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1. Role of the God(s): "And heavy clouds from Zeus halted us to this land..." (Homer 980) Zeus was responsible for manipulating the winds that had sent Odysseus to this island.
2. Plot Point(s): "We flayed every carcass there..." (Homer 981) Odysseus faced a test to refrain from eating the cattle.
3. Greek Value(s): "We'll cut out the noblest of these cattle for sacrifice to the gods who own the sky..." (Homer 168-169) The Greeks believed in honoring the gods. Odysseus upheld this Greek value with his offering.
4. Characteristic(s): "Hunger drove them to scour the wild shore..." (Homer 850) Odysseus' men were starting to display a sense of greed. Greed is a major character flaw and will lead to even more short-comings.

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1. Role of the God(s): "A beggar, by my looks..." (Homer 1123) Athena had disguised Odysseus as a beggar.
2. Plot Point(s): "Athena, counseling me, will give me word..." (Homer 1134) Athena was Odysseus' mentor.
3. Greek Value(s): "Let no one here Odysseus is about..." (Homer 1156) The Greeks valued honor. Telemachus showed a sense of honor by respecting his father's trust.
4. Characteristic(s): "But put aside two broadswords and two spears, for our own use..." (Homer 1150-1151) Odysseus is notably intelligent for his ability to plan ahead.

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1. Role of the god(s): "Still disguised as a beggar..."  (Homer1001). Athena uses her Goddess powers to disguise Odysseus as a beggar. His guise allowed him to have a period of reconnaissance and espionage inside what used to be his home.
2. Plot Point(s): "Telemachus, sat still without a tear...shook his head from side to side..." (Homer 1003). Telemachus is an Ally to Odysseus because he is one of the only people that knows of Odysseus' return. Telemachus is ordered to stay calm, so that Odysseus can plan a perfect time to strike.
3. Greek Value(s): "A poor show...bad business, if he happened to be a god. You know they go in foreign guise...to keep an eye on manners..." (Homer 1002) The Greeks respect the influence and power of the Gods. One suitor pointed out that the so-called "beggar" may be a disguised god checking up on them,
4. Characteristic(s): "There is no pain, no burden for the heart when blows come to a man, and he defending his own cattle..." (Homer 1002) Odysseus is loyal to his wife and will go to great lengths to reunite with her.

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1. Role of the God(s): "Zeus would endow with honor..." (Homer 1347) Zeus was very fond of Telemachus.
2. Plot Point(s): "Wasted with longing for Odysseus..." (Homer 1319) Penelope always was a loyal ally to Odysseus.
3. Greek Value(s): "Now my lord is dead, let me finish my weaving before I marry..." (Homer 1325-1326) Penelope was adequately upholding the Greek value of honoring death.
4. Characteristic(s): "So every day I wove on the great loom, but every night by torchlight I unwove it..." (Homer 1332-1333) Penelope displays a great deal of intelligence in her elaborate procrastination.

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1. Role of the God(s): "Then Zeus thundered overhead..." (Homer 1380-1381) Zeus let out a roaring lightning bolt after Odysseus had strung the bow.
2. Plot Point(s): "I did not miss, neither did I take all day stringing the bow..."
(Homer 1395-1396) Odysseus has to overcome a minor ordeal before he can move on to the final, supreme ordeal.
3. Greek Value(s): "Odysseus in one motion strung the bow..." (Homer 1376) The Greeks valued physical strength. Odysseus could not have been competed with for his righteousness.
4. Characteristic(s): "Odysseus laughed within him..." (Homer 1382) Odysseus' arrogance was perfectly justified, hindering it to be considered a character flaw. Odysseus was, without a doubt, extremely arrogant.

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1. Role of the God(s): "Aided by Athena..." (Homer 1530) Athena helped Odysseus get his revenge.
2. Plot Point(s): "All they could do was yell in outrage at Odysseus..." (Homer 1431) The time had come for Odysseus to make things right and face his supreme ordeal. He slaughtered the suitors like fish in a barrel, and took back his home.
3. Greek Value(s): "You forced yourselves upon this house. Fight your way out..." (Homer 1469) The Greeks valued honor. Odysseus was displayed honor in how he justified killing the suitors. He did not kill them in vein.
4. Characteristic(s): "All they could do was yell in outrage at Odysseus..." (Homer 1431) Odysseus was very intelligent for the way he planned his revenge. He made sure that not a single suitor would escape.

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1. Role of the God(s): "Athena lent him beauty, head to foot..." (Homer 1543-1544) Athena, the Goddess of beauty and wisdom, admired Odysseus. She wanted to make sure that he would look his best for his reunion with Penelope.
2. Plot Point(s): "In his arms, longed for as the sunwarmed Earth is longed for a by a swimmer..." (Homer 1616) Odysseus has earned his final reward. Throughout his journey, he has only ever wanted one thing; to be reunited with his beloved wife, Penelope. His heroic actions have lead him up to this point.
3. Greek Value(s): "His dear wife, clear and faithful..."
(Homer 1615) Penelope has upheld the Greek value for the role of women. Penelope, the faithful wife of King Odysseus, has stayed true to her husband for countless years.
4. Characteristic(s): "Strange woman, the immortals of Olympus have made you hard..." (Homer 1554) Odysseus lost self-control when Penelope doubted his authenticity. Blinded and outraged, Odysseus verbally assaulted his wife.