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All of these educators believed in lifelong learning.  Most teachers today try to model lifelong learning to their students. 

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All of these educators believed in lifelong learning.  Most teachers today try to model lifelong learning to their students. 

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Scaffolding, used in US schools, is  assisting students in understanding content by supporting learning and moving them up a "scaffold" of increasing independence.  All of the philosophers demonstrated this technique, I believe. 

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Scaffolding, used in US schools, is  assisting students in understanding content by supporting learning and moving them up a "scaffold" of increasing independence.  All of the philosophers demonstrated this technique, I believe. 

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Confucius (551-479 BC) believed that an educated citizenry was vital for harmony (Gutek, 2011) .  Today, schools in the US have standards of learning to make sure that all citizens have the same basic educational opportunities.  

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Confucius (551-479 BC) believed that an educated citizenry was vital for harmony (Gutek, 2011) .  Today, schools in the US have standards of learning to make sure that all citizens have the same basic educational opportunities.  

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Gutek, G.L. (2011). Historical and philosophical foundations of education. Boston, MA: Pearson.
Plato's Meno. Translated by B. Jowett, MIT. Retrieved from: http://classics.mit.edu/plato.meno.html

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All believed that learning should be student-centered, with the educator as a guide.  Today schools use Universal Design for Learning (UDL).  UDL strives to meet learners' needs by differentiation.  Teachers who practice UDL use multiple means of presentation and assessment.

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All believed that learning should be student-centered, with the educator as a guide.  Today schools use Universal Design for Learning (UDL).  UDL strives to meet learners' needs by differentiation.  Teachers who practice UDL use multiple means of presentation and assessment.

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All believed that educators should encourage reflection and critical thinking should be encouraged.  These are also important in education today, and should be fostered. 

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All believed that educators should encourage reflection and critical thinking should be encouraged.  These are also important in education today, and should be fostered. 

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All promoted a well-rounded education to nurture a student's body and mind.  Today, we incorporate music, physical education and art into elementary school curriculum.  Colleges often require students to take liberal arts courses such as philosophy and history to fulfill graduation requirements, even  in engineering. 

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All promoted a well-rounded education to nurture a student's body and mind.  Today, we incorporate music, physical education and art into elementary school curriculum.  Colleges often require students to take liberal arts courses such as philosophy and history to fulfill graduation requirements, even  in engineering. 

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All of these philosophers believed that education can improve people's lives and make students better citizens (Gutek, 2011).

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All of these philosophers believed that education can improve people's lives and make students better citizens (Gutek, 2011).

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Plato believed in early education (Gutek, 2011).  Schools in the US do not have free and universal preschool, as I believe Plato would desire. We do have Head Start, which exists to help educate low socio-economic students at an early age. 

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Plato believed in early education (Gutek, 2011).  Schools in the US do not have free and universal preschool, as I believe Plato would desire. We do have Head Start, which exists to help educate low socio-economic students at an early age. 

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They believed that respect and  virtue should be taught to their students, not just facts.  Many educators today teach kindness, cooperation and model respect for others.

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They believed that respect and  virtue should be taught to their students, not just facts.  Many educators today teach kindness, cooperation and model respect for others.

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Aristotle (348-322 BC) believed that students learn best through their senses (Gutek, 2011).  Montessori schools share this belief and their students experience learning through all their senses. 

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Aristotle (348-322 BC) believed that students learn best through their senses (Gutek, 2011).  Montessori schools share this belief and their students experience learning through all their senses. 

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Socrates (470-399 BC) : a Greek philosopher/teacher who lends his name to the Socratic method. In Plato's "Meno", his method is used to have a dialogue of questions and answers, where ideas and hypothesis are tested and refined. The Socratic method is used in schools today to foster critical thinking. 

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Socrates (470-399 BC) : a Greek philosopher/teacher who lends his name to the Socratic method. In Plato's "Meno", his method is used to have a dialogue of questions and answers, where ideas and hypothesis are tested and refined. The Socratic method is used in schools today to foster critical thinking. 

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Plato (428-348 BC) believed in a hierarchy based on intellect, saying that gifted students should be identified and given opportunities for further education (Gutek, 2011).  Schools in the US today have different tracks for gifted learners to give them more opportunities to be intellectually challenged.

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Plato (428-348 BC) believed in a hierarchy based on intellect, saying that gifted students should be identified and given opportunities for further education (Gutek, 2011).  Schools in the US today have different tracks for gifted learners to give them more opportunities to be intellectually challenged.