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Symbolic interactionism is a sociological micro-level theory that studies people's interactions and relationships in society.  An individual's relationship with others influences their action and way of thinking. Symbolic interactionist theory helps society implicate social control and distinguished what actions are considered deviance.

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Social control refers to the control society has over a person. A person is shaped by the people around them, they start to acknowledge what is the good and the bad. In our society, there is informal social sanctions and formal social sanctions. Informal social sanctions are implied rules in how a person should behave; for instance, a person knows picking their nose in public is strange and embarrassing. A formal social sanction are laws and police officers that tell a person how to behave; such as, a person can not go around murdering people, there is a consequence for that and it's jail.

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Social deviance is someone breaks social norms. A person can break three types of social norm values: folkway, mores, or a taboo. A folkway is a small sort of deviance, it's going against social etiquette; for example, not saying "bless you" after a person sneezes or picking your nose in public. Mores are more serious deviance, it's breaking the law; for instance, stealing or murder. Lastly, a taboo is a more disturbing act of deviance, like murder, assault, and rape.

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An example of symbolic interactionism is this article, which is about an undocumented immigrant, who was shot and killed in his own home by police officers. The police came to investigate a domestic violence situation but barge into the wrong home. Ismael Lopez was then shot and killed.

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September 27 at 7:10 AM
Just before midnight on July 24, 2017, shots rang out at a mobile home park in Southaven, Miss. Police had come looking for a domestic violence suspect, only to knock on the door of the wrong house and then open fire on the innocent man inside. By the time paramedics arrived, 41-year-old Ismael Lopez, an auto mechanic known for mentoring troubled teens and fixing his neighbors' cars for free, had died of a gunshot wound to the back of his head.

Now, attorneys for the city of Southaven are using an unusual approach to try to persuade a federal judge to dismiss the $20 million civil rights lawsuit filed by Lopez's widow. They argue that because the victim was an undocumented immigrant, he wasn't protected by the U.S. Constitution.

"We're stunned that someone put this in writing," Murray Wells, an attorney representing Lopez's estate, told reporters at a Thursday news conference.

The U.S. Supreme Court has repeatedly ruled that people present in the United States have certain basic rights, regardless of their immigration status, affirming in two frequently cited rulings that undocumented immigrants can't be denied an education or due process in a court of law.

But attorneys for the small city near Memphis claim that because Lopez had no "legally recognized relationship" with the United States, he had no rights under the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, or the 14th Amendment, which guarantees equal protection to all citizens.

"If he ever had Fourth Amendment or Fourteenth Amendment civil rights, they were lost by his own conduct and misconduct," attorney Katherine S. Kerby wrote in a brief filed Sept. 4. "Ismael Lopez may have been a person on American soil but he was not one of the 'We, the People of the United States' entitled to the civil rights invoked in this lawsuit."
[Police shot and killed a man while trying to serve a warrant - at the wrong house]
At Thursday's news conference, attorneys representing Lopez's family called the strategy "chilling," "ludicrous" and "insane." The city's argument, Wells said, amounted to telling undocumented immigrants that "stormtroopers can come into your house and kill you" without any repercussions.

The battle over legal standing is only the latest controversy surrounding Lopez's death, which sparked protests in the northern Mississippi community and angered many Latino residents.

As The Washington Post's Radley Balko previously wrote in an analysis of the case, police have claimed that Lopez cracked open the door to his house and pointed a gun at them, which his attorneys and his wife say is untrue. It's also unclear whether the mechanic knew that the men who showed up unexpectedly at his home were police officers: DeSoto County District Attorney John Champion has said that he doesn't believe the officers announced themselves before opening fire on Lopez and his pit bull after the dog ran out of the mobile home.

In July 2018, a grand jury declined to indict the officers involved in the fatal shooting, an outcome that outraged Lopez's friends and family. Last June, Claudia Linares, Lopez's widow, filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi.
[Mississippi cops went to the wrong house and killed an innocent man. A grand jury just refused to indict them.]
In court filings, attorneys for the city have argued Linares lacks the standing to sue because she, too, is an undocumented immigrant. They also claim that she was not legally married to Lopez, while simultaneously accusing her of being married to two men at the same time and referring to her as a "bigamous paramour." Linares's legal team says that those charges are both false and extremely offensive, and last week filed a marriage certificate showing that the two were married in Arkansas in 2003.

"It's a real shame that they have to use these tactics to soil someone's name when she lost her partner, the love of her life, in a tragic accident," attorney Aaron Neglia said at Thursday's news conference.

In a statement shared with local media outlets, Southaven Mayor Darren Musselwhite replied that the city "will defend this matter in the court of law, not in the media via press conferences with ridiculously-misleading sound bites."

Kerby, the city's attorney, has argued that there's a legal precedent for saying that undocumented immigrants lack certain constitutional rights. In a Thursday interview with the Memphis Commercial Appeal, she pointed to a 1990 Supreme Court case, United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez, where justices ruled that the Fourth Amendment does not protect foreigners against unreasonable search and seizure when they are in foreign territory or international waters, even if their trial takes place in American courts.

In their filings, the attorneys representing Lopez's estate counter that the ruling is irrelevant because it deals with a search that took place in Mexico. Lopez and his wife, although Mexican citizens, were on U.S. soil when police officers showed up at their house and opened fire. Wells told reporters on Thursday that Southaven's attorneys "want to say it's sort of like they were actually in Mexico when this happened."

"But that's not what happened," he added. "They were in their home."

Kerby also told the Commercial Appeal that she had based her argument on a 2011 case, United States v. Portillo-Munoz, where the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against a Mexican man who claimed that federal statutes barring people who enter the country illegally from owning guns ran contrary to the Second Amendment. But Lopez's team pointed out that the same ruling also made clear that the decision didn't have any bearing on Fourth Amendment protections against government overreach.

At Thursday's news conference, Wells said that he asked the judge presiding over the case to consider sanctioning the city for arguments that weren't being made in good faith and for questioning the integrity of Lopez's marriage.

"This case should have never been here in the first place," he said. "It was an accident. They should have taken responsibility for it, and we should move forward."

A reporter asked Linares for her thoughts.

"There are no words," she replied in Spanish.

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An undocumented man was killed when cops went to the wrong home. The city claims he had no constitutional rights.

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September 27 at 7:10 AM Just before midnight on July 24, 2017, shots rang out at a mobile home park in Southaven, Miss. Police had come looking for a domestic violence suspect, only to knock on the door of the wrong house and then open fire on the innocent man inside.

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This article brings up current problems our society is facing social interactionism. They mention problems with undocumented immigrants and police misconduct. Both are a sign of deviance in society. The writers of Network exposure and excessive use of force have stated, "We consider police misconduct as a form of deviance" (2019). In the incident that resulted in Lopez' death police misconducted occurred when police officers didn't announce their arrival before shooting Lopez (Noori Farzan 2019). Why else would Lopez get shot? If the policemen were to have talked to him they would have realized it was a misunderstanding, and if the policemen said was true that Lopez was armed he undoubtedly didn't know it was the police. Police misconduct is a problem within our society, "Police misconduct, abuse, and violence also rattle the foundation between residents and police" (2019). When the relationship between residents and the police has no trust, residents won't call the police when crimes occur. Police committing an act of deviance creates a bigger problem in society, when no one trust in the justice system more deviant acts, like mores or taboos, will be less reported.

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Undocumented immigrants in the United States is considered a deviant because they're not "legal". There is "more than 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States, about half of whom come from Mexico" (Flores & Schachter 2018). Ismael Lopez was apart of those who were undocumented immigrants that fled Mexico's violent state. An assumption could be made that the police have shot Lopez because he was Mexican and it is found "We find for some immigrants, illegality is written upon their bodies" (Flores & Schachter 2018). I must predict that, if it was a white man instead of Lopez it would have been less likely he would have suffered the same faith as Lopez. Furthermore, Lopez has suffered a terrible faith in our own justice system. His wife continues to have the same burden when his trial was dismissed. The attorneys claim "Lopez had no 'legally recognized relationship” with the United States, he had no rights under the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, or the 14th Amendment, which guarantees equal protection to all citizens'" (Noori Farzan 2019). Lopez had lived in the United States for a while just because he didn't have papers the justice system won't pay his wife for the casualty they had cause to the family. The United States continues to look down upon Mexicans who are undocumented, Flores and Schachter state: "U.S. immigration authorities and politicians have typically defined 'illegal' immigration as a 'Mexican' problem" (2018). Instead of embracing Mexicans coming to live in the United States they treat them as criminals, something that needs to go back to where they come from. Those interactions with Lopez, the jury and the police continue to influence other U. S citizens to treat undocumented Mexicans the same way.

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Interactions in society matter, in the way where people are influenced on how to react or behave with one another. Police misconduct can impact a negative response in a community. Politicians and other higher power authorities treating undocumented immigrants poorly can influence the same response to other citizens.

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Ouellet, M., Hashimi, S., Gravel, J., & Papachristos, A. V. (2019, July 31). Network exposure and excessive use of force. Criminology and Public Policy, 1-30.

Flores, D., & Schachter, A. (2018). Who are the "Illegals"? The Social Construction of Illegality in the United States - René D. Flores, Ariela Schachter, 2018. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0003122418794635

Farzan, A. N. (2019, September 27). An undocumented man was killed when cops went to the wrong home. The city claims he had no constitutional rights. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/09/27/ismael-lopez-southaven-mississippi-police-shooting-constitution/.