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Tundra Biome

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The Cotton grass is named for it's fluffy, white tufts. Cotton grass is an important food source for migrating snow geese and caribou. One adaptation it has would be that Cotton grass is able to survive when other plants fail to flourish. This plant is a perennial that has narrow leaves and flowering heads that have dense bristles. This helps them survive for a long time.

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www.nhptv.org/wild/tundra.asp
https://thetundrabiomegroup.weebly.com/symbiosis.html
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/tundra-biome/
www.mbgnet.net/sets/tundra/where.htm
https://www.tundraanimals.net/

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Compared to other wolves and foxes, because of where they live they have adapted to help minimize their heat loss. Their adaptations include shorter legs, smaller ears and a rounded muzzle. All of these small adjustments have helped them with their locations. The last adaption is their skin which is a double-barreled defense against the winds. Their skin includes a fur coat and thick undercoat. The over coat is thick and long and the undercoat is soft and near the skin.

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The Arctic Poppy plant is about 10 - 15 cm tall. It has a single flower per stem. One adaptation is that the Arctic Poppy is covered in little black hairs and the plant is heliotropic. This means that the Poppy turns its face to the sun to survive. The Arctic Poppy lives in gravel beds of dryed rivers, or in rocky plains. It likes to grow in rocks because the rocks absorb water. Their cup-shaped petals help to absorb solar energy. Arctic Poppy's are yellow and white in color.

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The arctic polar bear is one of the most dominate animals in the wild. Fortunately they have adapted very well to life in the cold. They have a very oily coat which keeps the moisture at bay especially when they are swimming in the freezing water. Another one of their adaptations is their insulating fur. This allows air at a moderate temperature in between the layers of fur to protect them from the cold. The last adaptation that they have is blubber. Blubber is an insulating fat layer that works with the captured air to keep the animal warm.

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Ex 1: A good example of the Commensal relationship would be between the caribou and arctic fox. The fox follows the caribou, who then removes the snow in order to get at lichens under the soil. The fox then hunts the animals that the caribou has just dug up.

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Ex 1:  A really well known example of this relationship in the tundra would involve lichen. Lichen represents a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an algae. The fungus is fed sugars by the photosynthetic alga and the alga receives protection from the fungus.

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The average rainfall varies in different regions that the Tundra is located. Yearly rainfall, which includes melting snow can be anywhere from (5-25 cm) 5 to 10 inches.

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- Anna Rosenbaum
- Aurora Mindiola
- Sofia Clark

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Ex 1: Liver tapeworms are very common parasites in the Tundra. They have a symbiotic relationship with moose, caribou and wolves.

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Tundra soils are formed at high latitudes. Tundra soils are generally frozen, and are classified as Gelisols.  In order to be a Gelisol, the permafrost needs to be within 100 cm of the soil surface.
Permafrost -  a thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year.

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The Tundra is the coldest out of all the biomes. The word Tundra comes from the Finnish word Tunturi, which means the treeless plain. It is most known for it's frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, poor nutrients, and the short growing seasons.

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The Tundra Biome is located at the North pole at the top of the world. The Alpine Tundra is located on Asia, North America, Europe, and South America. In North America with the Rockies, Sierra and Cascade Mountains. In Asia with the Himalayas. South America has the Andes, and Europe has the Pyrenees. Finally Africa has  the Rift Mountains.

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The Tundra temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees Fahrenheit. During the winter the temperatures can drop to as low as -30 to -50 degrees Fahrenheit.