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The four-legged sauropods had a gut much larger than that of carnivorous dinosaurs to digest the tough fibres in plants it ate. A sauropod’s teeth are in the wrong shape to chew up plants, which is why also they also had a gizzard, where it stored it’s stomach stones that are used to ground up food before being passed to the stomach.

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The two-footed ornithopods had a stomach at the back of it’s body to bring the centre of gravity closer to the hips, allowing it to move on it’s hind legs

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Digestive system of a carnivorous dinosaur

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Unlike their herbivore counterparts, carnivorous dinosaurs have relatively smaller guts as it is sufficient to process the food they ate. Almost all carnivore’s digestive systems are in front of the pubis bones, allowing the dinosaur to move swiftly when chasing it’s prey.

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The heart of a titanosaur - Attenborough and the Giant Dinosaur: Preview - BBC One

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Endotherms have higher mean arterial pressure, thicker cardiac muscle, and larger hearts due to high metabolic rate and Laplace's principle that left ventricular wall thickness is proportional to the pressure exerted and chamber radius.

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Cardiovascular function in dinosaurs was inferred from fossil evidence, showing high arterial blood pressure, a large four-chambered heart, a high aerobic metabolic rate, and intense locomotion.

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Diagram showing the four main sections of a dinosaur’s vertebrae

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It also consists of an anterior region, the prezygapophyses and a posterior region, the postzygapophyses, which acts like hands for support. Some fossils even suggests that dinosaurs may have extra vertebral stuctures for additional support, feeding and sensory mechanism, however the evidence for these are limited.

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Dinosaur brains do not fossilate, however the structure of skull gives us an idea of where the nerves and blood vessels flowed. The jaw area of a dinosaur has a high concentration of nerves likely used to sense preys. By our understanding of crocodile and reptile anatomy, we can also assume that dinosaurs were sensitive to movements in it’s surroundings.

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As reproductive organs are composed of soft tissues, they do not form fossils, so knowledge of the dinosaur's reproductive organs comes from their closest living relatives -- crocodiles. The cloaca is a single organ for sex and excretion in females and males; the penis emerges from the cloaca to deliver sperm (only in males).

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The medullary bone in the femur (only in females) is used to draw calcium to create eggshells for them to lay eggs from which their offspring will hatch. It is predicted that females are pregnant for 3-6 months before they lay their eggs, laying up to 20 eggs at a time depending on the mother's size.

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Contrary to popular belief, early dinosaurs were more similar to birds mammals in terms of locomotion. It was thought that during evolution the leg posture had become more crouched and less upright and had become a more knee-driven mechanism mainly used for running and walking. However evidence supported a more erect posture which restricted most limb movements to a parallel plane to the body (parasagittal gait posture)

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Models of dinosaur hindlimb muscles and their evolution

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Having once roamed the earth in the same time period as dinosaurs they share many common features and traits: scaly bodies, sharp teeth and claws, cold blood and both being reptiles.

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Since 200 million years ago, Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae, have occupied aquatic habitats and thrived even beyond the death of the dinosaurs by the asteroid.

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Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator; C. Carl Jaffe, MD, cardiologist.

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edited from youtube

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Past early experimental phase, forms a cylindrical body (centrum) with various bony processes attached to it forming passage for spinal cord (neural arch)

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Spinosaurus had one of the most highly distinctive spines amongst all the dinosaur species, perhaps being used as a warning to enemies or attracting mates 

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T. Rex from Jurassic Museum of Asturias. Photo by Mario Modesto