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Makaʻaha Loiloi_Pepa _Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa__KHWS 494

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_ʻO ka ʻĀina Kou Makuahine_ (Johnson 2023)

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_Kūpaʻa i ka Pono o ka ʻĀina_ (Johnson 2023)

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Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers, Eighth Edition

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Source citations in the Turabian manual come in two varieties: (1) notes and bibliography (or simply notes) and (2) author-date. These two systems are also sometimes referred to as Chicago-style citations, because they are the same as the ones presented in The Chicago Manual of Style.

If you already know which system to use, follow one of the links above to see sample citations for a variety of common sources. Otherwise, read on.

Notes and Bibliography or Author-Date?

The notes and bibliography style is popular in the humanities-including literature, history, and the arts. In this system, sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes. Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number in the text. Sources are also usually listed in a separate bibliography. This system is very flexible and can easily accommodate a wide variety of sources.

The author-date style is more common in the physical, natural, and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author's last name and year of publication. Each citation in the text matches up with an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.

Aside from the way they cite sources in the text, the two styles are very similar. To compare them, follow the links at the top of this page, where you'll find examples of the more common source types cited in each style.

If you're not sure which style you should use, ask your instructor. You will also find more information here.

For a more detailed description of the styles and many more examples, see chapters 16 and 17 of the 9th edition of the Turabian manual for notes style and chapters 18 and 19 for author-date style.

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Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers, Eighth Edition

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A website for the 8th edition of A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate Turabian.

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MLA Formatting and Style Guide - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University

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MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (9th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.

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Aloha e ka hoa hoʻōla ʻōlelo. He wahi anamanaʻo kēia e ana ʻia ai ka pā o nā papa uapo e mālama ʻia ana ma Ka Haka ʻUla o Keʻelikōlani. Mahalo nui, kou hoʻopihapiha ʻana mai i kēia palapala kikohoʻe ma mua a ma hope hoʻi o kāu hanana huʻeaʻo.

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Ianuari 3, 1924)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Ianuari 3, 1924)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 3 January 1924 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Ianuari 10, 1924)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Ianuari 10, 1924)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 10 January 1924 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Dekemaba 27, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Dekemaba 27, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 27 December 1923 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Dekemaba 20, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Dekemaba 20, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 20 December 1923 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Dekemaba 6, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Dekemaba 6, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 6 December 1923 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Aperila 10, 1928)

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Aperila 10, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 10 April 1928 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Aperila 3, 1928)

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Aperila 3, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 3 April 1928 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Maraki 20, 1928)

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Maraki 20, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 20 March 1928 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Maraki 13, 1928)

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Maraki 13, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 13 March 1928 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Maraki 6, 1928)

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Maraki 6, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 6 March 1928 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Feberuari 28, 1928)

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Feberuari 28, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 28 February 1928 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Feberuari 21, 1928)

# data[].attributes.subject
"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Feberuari 21, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 21 February 1928 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Feberuari 14, 1928)

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Feberuari 14, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 14 February 1928 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Feberuari 7, 1928)

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Feberuari 7, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 7 February 1928 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Ianuari 31, 1928)

# data[].attributes.subject
"He Moolelo no Makalei" (Hoolaleakaukiu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Ianuari 31, 1928)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 31 January 1928 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"The Edge: Kahiki and Protective Action" (Case 2020:19-33)

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"The Edge: Kahiki and Protective Action" (Case 2020:19-33)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Novemaba 29, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Novemaba 29, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 29 November 1923 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Novemaba 22, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Novemaba 22, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 22 November 1923 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Novemaba 8, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Novemaba 8, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 8 November 1923 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Novemaba 1, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Novemaba 1, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 1 November 1923 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo  i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Okatoba 18, 1923)

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Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo  i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Okatoba 18, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 18 October 1923 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Okatoba 11, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Okatoba 11, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 11 October 1923 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Okatoba 4, 1923)

# data[].attributes.subject
"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Okatoba 4, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 4 October 1923 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Sepatemaba 27, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Sepatemaba 27, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 27 September 1923 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Sepatemaba 20, 1923)

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"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Sepatemaba 20, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 20 September 1923 — Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

# data[].attributes.headline
"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Sepatemaba 13, 1923)

# data[].attributes.subject
"Na Hoonanea o ka Manawa" (Ka Ohu Haaheo i na Kuahiwi Ekolu, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Sepatemaba 13, 1923)

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Ka Hoku o Hawaii 13 September 1923 - Hawaiian Newspapers Collection

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Loulou: https://hawaii.zoom.us/j/7161077909

Helu Hālāwai: 716 107 7909

ʻŌlelo Huna: 96720

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"Historicizing the Homestead in Wahiawa Colony: From "American Family Farm" to Industrial Plantation Economy" (Sasaki 2022:132-162)

# data[].attributes.subject
"Historicizing the Homestead in Wahiawa Colony: From "American Family Farm" to Industrial Plantation Economy" (Sasaki 2022:132-162)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Historicizing the Wahiawa Colony" (Sasaki 2022)

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"Indigenous Hawaiian Statecraft" (Beamer 2014)

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"Indigenous Hawaiian Statecraft" (Beamer 2014)

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"Indigenous Hawaiian Statecraft" (Beamer 2014)

# data[].attributes.headline
"Fluidity of Place" (Oliveira 2014:46-64)

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"Fluidity of Place" (Oliveira 2014:46-64)

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"Ancestral Sense Abilities" (Oliveira 2014)

# data[].attributes.headline
"Manaʻo Hoʻolauna no ka Inoa Hawaiʻi" (Gooch Gonzalez 2014:12-18)

# data[].attributes.subject
"Manaʻo Hoʻolauna no ka Inoa Hawaiʻi" (Gooch Gonzalez 2014:12-18)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
_Manaʻo Hoʻolauna no ka Inoa Hawaiʻi_ (Gooch Gonzalez 2014)

# data[].attributes.headline
"ʻĀina, the Aho of Our ʻUpena (Osorio 2020:91-121)

# data[].attributes.subject
"ʻĀina, the Aho of Our ʻUpena (Osorio 2020:91-121)

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"ʻĀina, the Aho of Our ʻUpena (Osorio 2020)

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"Toponymic Silence and Sami Place Names during the Growth of the Norwegian Nation State" (Helander 2009:253-266)

# data[].attributes.subject
"Toponymic Silence and Sami Place Names during the Growth of the Norwegian Nation State" (Helander 2009:253-266)

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_Toponymic Silence and Sami Place Names_ (Helander 2009)

# data[].attributes.headline
"Sami placenames, power relations and representation" (Helander 2014:325-349)

# data[].attributes.subject
"Sami placenames, power relations and representation" (Helander 2014:325-349)