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Add one local, one regional and one national strategy as well as a pan-regional strategy to this padlet with a summary and image. Colour code the box to identify if they are retreat (blue), accommodate (green) or protect (yellow) strategies

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Charlie and Lucas - green adaptation measures 

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Charlie and Lucas - green adaptation measures 

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Pan-European adaptation: Across Europe, the adaptation was made to incorporate crop rotations. This was decided in order to adapt to changing climates, test which crops grow best at different times of the year, test the pesticides used on the crops and ensure food security by allowing the soil to regain its lost nutrients. This is an accommodation method, as it adapts the crops to the new climate.

Swedish forestry companies: The use of new plant material to adapt to increased temperatures and changing hydrological regimes; adjusted silvicultural (the process of regenerating, tending and harvesting a forest) and management programmes with shorter rotation/harvesting cycle to take increased storm risk into account; improved forest roads to deal with warmer winters and limited access to winter roads; and development of forestry machines able to operate on non-frozen, waterlogged grounds. The companies only proposed a few measures to adjust to larger forest fire risk.

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These measures rely on technology and civil engineering projects.

Examples include:building or strengthening of coastal and river flood defences and beach nourishment.

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Soft adaptation measures - Curwood and Emma

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Soft adaptation measures - Curwood and Emma

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Adaptation definition: Freddie + Hughella Devile 

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Adaptation definition: Freddie + Hughella Devile 

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Actions responding to current and future climate impacts

and vulnerabilities. Not only protecting from negative

impacts, but building a resilience by taking advantage of

any possible benefits future climate events could bring.

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"aims at decreasing the sensitivity and increasing the adaptive capacity of human and natural systems to build resilience."

eg: managerial, legal and policy

examples: floods, forest fires and droughts.- European Commission is sending alerts and constantly updated maps to national authorities so they can warn about upcoming threats. Used and developed in Ispra , Italy.

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physical activities for the development and maintenance of infrastructure, ecosystems or community assets that have an overall positive environmental impact.

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Sustainable forest management(Danube wetlands being restored) , Pan-European. Freddie and Hugh 

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Sustainable forest management(Danube wetlands being restored) , Pan-European. Freddie and Hugh 

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This green adaptation method as it is a physical change which is going reduce floods, restore biodiversity and improve water quality. This is a protecting adaptation method as it is protecting the biodiversity and water quality from the imminent impacts of climate change such as floods, droughts, increased temperatures( which are harming the local ecosystem as it is taking species out of their biology niche and they are unable to adapt in time to respond to it therefore causing them to reduce in population.

In summary the restoration of the wetlands started in 2002 by the WWF is still going strong and was effective in restoring the population. but not in 2024 the government wants to convert it back to agricultural land against community wishes. so the WWF are once again rallying to stop it.

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The three facets of adaptation:

Retreat: Built up areas on coastlines are moved backwards, ‘retreating’ from an area of danger.

Accommodate: Development of new agricultural practices such as GM crops, which will allow plants to thrive in warmer conditions. Furthermore, water usage will be made to be more efficient through useage of gray water which will decrease water stress.

Protect: Strategies to defend areas under threat from climate change impacts such as sea level rise prevent threats from materialising into real hazards. Hard and soft engineering strategies can be used for this protection, as well as less simpler strategies such as protection from vector borne diseases.

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Forest Fires, floods and droughts - Beth and Milly

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Forest Fires, floods and droughts - Beth and Milly

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Hugo and Finn p39 Sustainable forest management

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Hugo and Finn p39 Sustainable forest management

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Location: Spain,France,Austria and Sweden

Austria have taken a soft, legislative approach to forest management in order to aid species in their adaption to changing climates.

Spain have taken a green approach to the problem of drought in their forests by providing more genetic variation possibilities for more drought resistant flora, mainly in the form of genetically modified species.

France has published a soft approach by having forest managment schemes in place, redefining harvest criteria for farmers and applying a ‘more dynamic thinning regime’. This reduces the woodland density as well as removing poorer quality trees, which will ensure less competition between trees and more nutrients for growth.

Sweden has used a green approach, using new plant material to allow adaption to new, higher temperatures. They have also changed their hydrological reigimes in a soft approach in which they adjusted harvesting and management programs / regimes.

Accommodate

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Regional Scale adaptations of flooding -

The European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) is a organisation made from a collaberation of the Joint Research Centre with the national flood forecasting centres in the Member States and meteorological services. The overall aim of the collaberation is to improve the disaster risk management. The main things it does is:

- Flood warning information up to 10 days in advance

- A European overview of ongoing and forecasted floods, providing the European Commission with useful information for the preparation and management of aid during flood crises

- Application of state-of-the-art weather forecasting and novel methods in probabilistic flood forecasting;

- Research applied to on-the-ground operations

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In order to strengthen weak spots along the Dutch coast, annual sand nourishment activities need to be conducted along the coastline to prevent erosion. The Sand Motor is a large-scale nourishment programme, whereby 20 million m3 of sand has been deposited in front of the Dutch Delfland coast. Unlike traditional sand nourishment, which places sand in its intended final location, the Sand Motor relies on wind,

waves and sea currents to naturally disperse the sand further down the coast. By making use of natural coastal processes, nourishments should be needed only once every five or ten years, potentially reducing significantly maintenance costs compared to traditional coastal defence. The Sand Motor will contribute to coastal safety in the long term and also create areas for nature and recreation.

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forest fires - the European forest fire information system (grey) 

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forest fires - the European forest fire information system (grey) 

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European Commission services and the European Parliament with updated and reliable information on wild fires in Europe

protection

an increase in wildfire risk as temperatures increase, especially in the hot, dry Mediteranian regions of Europe like Portugal, Spain and Greece

early warning and rescue + response more efficient

37 partner countries in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East

provides info on forest fire danger up to one week in advance, supporting prevention and preparedness efforts

uses satellite imagery to provide up to two daily updates of active fires and the damage caused by them

supports the Monitoring and Information Centre of the EC Humanitarian Office which coordinates international

forest fire-fighting operations and can dispatch

assistance

provides post-fire damage analysis eg the assessment and modelling of forest fire emissions and the estimation of post-fire erosion and soil losses

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There are some page numbers here to help you find some examples