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The impact of immigration on social developments and economic system brought attention to people about the need for inclusive policies and ways everyone of a different religion, race, ethnicity, and gender can embrace their diversity while developing conclusions for possible challenges.

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The influx of immigrants was a main factor in the development and growth of cities, landscapes, innovations, and social dynamics. It also was a main factor with urbanization and expansion cities.

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The resistance of immigration came from a lot of different viewpoints. Things such as job competition, diminishing of American culture, national security had a lot of individuals become opposed to immigration.

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Historical influence of boss and machine politics with local governance revels the power dynamics, systems and community control mechanisms that shaped political landscapes in urban centers.

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Settlement houses had multiple purposes such as serving as hubs, schools, churches, and advocating to immigrant populations. They also helped with social welfare and integration of diverse communities.

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The term "Pushes" were used to describe negative factors from the country people are fleeing. Some pushes could be things such as overcrowding and having trouble in European cities and things like religious persecution.

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The term "pulls" were used in a positive way with things such as the great things the adopted country that increased migrations around the world. Positive reasons to moving to the United States for example included the country's reputation for political and religious freedom.

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The term "Old" Immigrants comes from immigrants from Europe through the 1800s. Most immigrants came from northern and western Europe. Most "old" immigrants were Protestants who spoke English with high levels of education such as occupational and literacy skills. This made it easy for them to blend into a rural American society in the early 19th century.

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The term "New" Immigrants are referring to immigrants from Europe in the beginning of the 1890s- World War | in 1914. The "new" immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe. Many of them were poor with little to no education and they were mostly Roman Catholic , Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, or Jewish. They mostly settled in poor ethnic neighborhoods in big U.S. cities. 25% Of the immigrants were "birds of passage".

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The term ethnic neighborhoods is used when tenement quarters were crowded and immigrant groups created distinct ethnic neighborhoods where each group had its own language, culture, church and social club. They could also have things like schools, and newspapers. The neighborhoods were often crowded, dangerous, with not the best living conditions. The neighborhoods were called ghetto but also allowed immigrants to achieve the American Dream.

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The Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 ended immigration of people from China. This was the first time in United State history where a specific ethnic group was targeted for exclusion based on nationality. This had impacts on Chinese communities in the U.S and general immigration.

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In 1885, Congress passed the Foran Act which prohibited the importation and migration of foreigners under contract to perform labor in the United States. This law was made to protect American workers from unfair competition and exploitation. This impacted immigrants because this restricted their ability to come to the U.S. under labor contracts and made it more challenging for immigrants to find work opportunities.

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The Gentlemen's Agreement in 1908 was an informal agreement between United States and Japan that wanted to address the growing tensions over Japanese immigration to the U.S. It restricted the Japanese immigration by Japan agreeing not to give passports to laborers wanting to enter the U.S. The U.S. agreed to allow the wives of Japanese wives of current immigrants to enter. This led to a decrease in Japanese immigration to the United States by restricting the entry if Japanese laborers.

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Henderson v. the Major of New York 1875 was a legal case that dealt with the issues of racial discrimination in jury selection. The case brought attention to the importance of fair and impartial jury selection processes. This had an impact on immigrants by giving attention to the importance of fair treatment and equal rights in legal preceding's.

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The Year of Violence in 1877 consisted of various labor strikes mostly in the railroad industry. The violent riots between laborers, companies and authorities showed the challenged faced by workers and growing labor movements. This impacted immigrants who were involved with the strikes and those who also weren't involved in the strikes. Americans thought that immigrants were the main ones involved with the strikes and this caused opposition towards immigrants, and they were treated differently and had new laws that was put in place.

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In 1901, Leon Czolgosz was the son of immigrants and an anarchist who assassinated President William McKinley. This made Americans fear about political turbulence and radicalism which the saw as a threat to the stability of the nation and associated with foreigners.

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In 1890, Jacob Riis was an immigrant from Denmark who was an New York journalists castgated greed of employers and landlords for mistreating the lives of workers in the city. He exposed the lives and conditions of the poor in New York City which led to legislative action in New York. His book "How the Other Half Lives" showed the harsh realities of immigrant life in New York Cit tenements through stories. This raised awareness about the struggles of immigrants and contributed to efforts to improve housing and social conditions for immigrants.

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Starr and Addams opened up a settlement house, Hull House, in the packinghouse district where large numbers of Polish, Italian, and eastern European Jews lived and worked. They both did various things to improve the lives of immigrants who were poor and uneducated and helped advocate for them.

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Asians migrated to the U.S in 1848 after the China discovered gold in California but the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 which ended immigration of people from China. Throughout time, more oppression towards Asians began to happen and during the restrictions in 1917-1924, this almost complete stopped immigration from the entire continent. Populists protested to keep down the number of immigrants and a lot of Americans often didn't like Asian's and other immigrants which made it hard for them to adapt to life in America and create a new life.

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African Americans from the South joined the movement from farms to cities and between 1897 and 1930, almost 1 million Black Southerners resettled in northern and western cities. African Americans experienced limited opportunities for education, employment, and political participation due to prejudice. But there were many influential African American leaders and organizations who advocated for civil rights and equality.

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The AMSCO book provides advanced U.S History from 1491-present times. I used the AMSCO book to help me with my topic and the learning objective for this section of the book was to explain how cultural and economic factors affected migration patterns over time.

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The Glider Lehrman Institute of American History

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The Glider Lehrman Institute of American History

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The Glider Lehrman Institute of American History websites provided a various amount of information on my topic and explained a full in-depth description of Immigration and Migration. The website helped me find different important events and people that changed immigration and immigrants' lives.

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The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History AP US History Study Guide Period 6: 1865-1898

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The transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an increasingly industrialized and urbanized society brought about significant economic, political, diplomatic, social, environmental, and cultural changes.

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Lone Star College Kingwood is a website that helped me find information regarding the lives of immigrants and how harsh the realities of their lives were.

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Gilded Age/Progressive Era

This is a selected bibliography of primary source collections pertaining to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era in U.S. history available online. Please note, the library is not responsible for the content on these sources and it is the student's responsibility to properly cite from the proper location. There may also be secondary sources included in these collections and it is up to the student to evaluate if the item qualifies as a primary or secondary source.

LSC-Kingwood Library | Ask Us: | Kingwood.Library@LoneStar.edu Reference: 281.312.1693 | Circulation: 281.312.1691 | LIB 100, 20000 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, TX 77339

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Guides: Primary Sources (U.S. History): Gilded Age/Progressive Era

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