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People: Ronald Reagan, American people.

Definition: A shift in policy becoming conservative once again due to the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980. Policies included tax cuts, increase in defense spending, deregulation, and anti communist policies. In society, there was a much stronger emphasis on Judeo-Christian Values.

Significance: Put the United States in a good position due to a society with better morals, and a government with better priorities.

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People: business leaders, politicians

Definition: countries, economies, and cultures become more connected and depend on each other

Significance: it stimulated economic growth.

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People: Jimmy carter and Ronald Reagan

Definition: election between jimmy carter and Ronald Reagan during a period of time with high inflation and unemployment.

Significance: economic and foreign policies were created and government shifted to conservative.

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People: Ronald Reagan

Definition: Ronald Reagan's time in office from January 20, 1981 - January 20, 1989.

Significance: Ronald Reagan's presidency was significant because it marked the beginning of the Conservative Revolution as conservative values resurfaced in America. During his presidency the economy also thrived due to tax cuts, lack of government intervention within the economy, and heavy monitoring of inflation. Reagan also worked to end the Cold War due to his strong stance against communism and foreign negotiations with Russia.

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Dates:

July 1981–November 1982

People:

Pres. Ronald Reagan

Description:

Unemployment rate at 10.8%

High interest rates

High rates of homelessness

Caused by second energy crisis

Significance:

High rate of bank failures

Contributed to the Latin American debt crisis

Federal reserve lowered interest rates

Inspiration for policies to help with high inflation and excessive debt

Lucy Drake

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People: Ronald Reagan, congress

Definition:a series of tax reductions created by Reagan

Significance: theses cuts created stimulated economic growth.

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George H. W. Bush’s Presidency (1989-1993)

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George H. W. Bush’s Presidency (1989-1993)

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People: George H. W. Bush

Definition: George H. W. Bush’s time in office from January 20, 1989 - January 20, 1993.

Significance: George H. W. Bush’s Presidency was significant because the Cold War ended within the first year of his administration. Bush also had a very successful foreign policy while in office seen through the expansion of NATO. Operation Desert Storm was also a defining moment in his presidency as he successfully sent troops to defeat the Iraq troops in Kuwait. However, Bush struggled economically as their was a recession during his presidency, leading to his defeat when he ran for reelection.

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People: Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan

Definition: Reagan produced the Reagan Doctrine to fight communism. When Gorbachev came into power, he instated two policies of political openness and economic reform. Slowly, communist governments were replaced with noncommunist ones and then the Berlin Wall fell, sealing the end of the war.

Significance: The end of the Cold War signified the beginning of the end of communism. Communist regimes were falling apart and communism was dying. The US had a new wave of confidence to have defeated and moved past the era that was the Cold War.

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People: George Bush

Definition: war that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.

Significance: the war presented our advancements in military technology.

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People: Bill Clinton

Definition: Bill Clinton's time in office from January 20, 1993 - January 20, 2001

Significance: Bill Clinton's presidency was significant as the economy saw large growth due to tax increases for wealthy Americans and since promoted free trade agreements like NAFTA. Clinton worked to reform welfare in America seen through the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, which set time and other limits at work and promoting self-sufficiency. However, Clinton was eventually impeached in 1998 after having an affair with Monica Lewinsky.

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People: Bill Clinton

Definition: It increased the federal income tax from 31% to 39%. It also included $255 billion in spending cuts over a 5 year period of time.

Significance: It showed that debt and deficit reductions could be possible and effective if done in a good way. It caused Republicans to criticize Clinton because they did not support the bill.

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People: Bill Clinton.

Definition: the 1994 Anti-Crime Bill granted resources and money for correctional facilities to states who enforced a requirement of a prisoner serving at least 85% of their sentence.

Significance: Responsible for mass incarceration, specifically of blacks.

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Dates:

Took effect on January 1, 1994

People:

Pres. Bush

Pres. Clinton

Carla Hilla

Warren Christopher

Newt Gingrich

Al Gore

Description:

North American free trade agreement

US, Canada, and Mexico aimed to eliminate trade barriers

Increase trade and investment Between the countries

Reduced tariffs, eliminate barriers to trade, same regulations for agriculture, automobiles, and other services

Replaced with USMCA

Significance:

Increase in trade between countries

Increase jobs

Expand businesses

Helped US become more competitive in the global market

Gained trust between the countries

Labor standards

Regulations

Lucy Drake

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People: 164 members (countries), five interested parties are Brazil, Eu, US, India, and Australia

Definition: It regulates trade between participating countries and provides a framework for trade and settles trade disputes. Most issues that are addressed are derived from previous trade disputes.

Significance: The WTO has helped and continues to help raise people’s standards of living, create jobs for people, create peace, and improve peoples lives. It helps developing countries build their trade capacity which will help them get out of that “developing” state.

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People: Bill Clinton, Congress.

Definition: DOMA was an act protecting the idea of marriage staying between a man and a woman. The act granted states the right to not recognize same sex marriages that were arranged in other states.

Significance: Protected the importance of marriage staying between a man and woman. Gave states power to decide how their marriage laws apply to citizens in state.

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People:c Bill Clinton

Definition: Clinton was accused of perjury before a grand jury, so he was impeached. He also had an affair with Monica Lewinsky, a White House intern and was also accused of sexual harassment by another woman in the White House.

Significance: Clinton’s impeachment led to Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich‘s resignation. it also led to other men being fired and accused of similar things. Clinton was suspended from US Supreme Court and his law license was taken for five years.

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Dot.Com Boom & Bubble Burst (late 90s early 2000s)

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Dot.Com Boom & Bubble Burst (late 90s early 2000s)

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People: entrepreneurs, investors, and employees

Definition: a period of growth and collapse in stock prices

Significance: It fueled new technological innovations

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People Gore was the Democratic nominee for president of the United States in the 2000 presidential election, which he lost to George W. Bush. Albert Arnold Gore Jr. Washington, D.C., U.S. Albert Gore Sr.

Definition The 2000 United States presidential election was the 54th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Republican Texas Governor George W. Bush, the eldest son of George H. W. Bush, narrowly defeated incumbent Democratic Vice President Al Gore.

Significance Bush, narrowly defeated incumbent Democratic Vice President Al Gore. It was the fourth of five U.S. presidential elections, and the first since 1888, in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote, and is considered one of the closest U.S. presidential elections, with long-standing controversy about the result.

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People: George W. Bush

Definition: George W. Bush's time in office from January 20, 2001 - January 20, 2009.

Significance: George W. Bush’s Presidency was significant due to the events that happened within his administration such as Hurricane Katrina, Iraq War, 9/11, etc. Bush's economic polices included cutting taxes, however, this led to greater national debt.

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Dates:

October 26, 2001

People:

Pres. Bush

John Ashcroft

Robert Mueller

Patrick Leahy

Dick Armey

Description:

Known as the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act

Response to 9/11

Aimed to increase law enforcement and intelligence agencies to prevent terrorism

Increased wiretaps, communications, and agencies

Significance:

possible infringement of personal security

Strengthened national security

Strengthened against attacks against terrorism

Effective communication between different branches of government and enforcement agencies

Lucy Drake

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People Nearly 3,000 people died, Osama Bin Laden

Definition series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed in 2001 by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda against targets in the United States

Significance signaled a changed world in the making, one that poses a constant threat of attack that the United States must guard against and defeat if its people are to live in freedom and safety.

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People In 2002, President Bush signed the bipartisan No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).

Definition No Child Left Behind (NCLB), U.S. federal law aimed at improving public primary and secondary schools, and thus student performance, via increased accountability for schools, school districts, and states

Significance NCLB requires states to establish student academic standards as well as an assessment system to ensure that all students are meeting the academic standards. The assessment system must be statewide, and its purpose is to establish an accountability system.

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War on Terror: “Operation Enduring Freedom” & “Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003)

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War on Terror: “Operation Enduring Freedom” & “Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003)

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People: American and British Forces, Al-Qaeda, Taliban, George W. Bush

Definition: After 9/11, American and British forces came together to attack and destroy Al-Qaeda and stop the Taliban. The goal was also to stop Saddam Hussein from keeping power and using his weapons of mass destruction.

Significance: The War on Terror’s goal was to fight all terrorist groups and to prevent what happened on 9/11 from ever being able to occur again. It is still in effect today and is an ongoing fight.

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Dates:

August 23, 2005 - August 31, 2005

People:

Gov. Kathleen Blanco

Mayor Nagin

Michael Brown

Pres. Bush

Description:

category 5 hurricane

Hit Louisiana on Aug 29

Destruction

Flooding

Heavy winds

Damaged 80% of New Orleans

Significance:

about 1800 dead

Could not find shelter

Many homes destroyed

Slow aid provided —> highlighted need for improved response

African Americans effected more because they were unable to find shelter

Lucy Drake

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People Role of U.S. Congress in Drafting U.S. Immigration Law

Definition The term refers to modifications or adjustments made to the laws, regulations, and practices that govern immigration into a country.

Significance Immigrants by their sheer numbers have provided a lifeline in many cities that were losing population

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Dates:

December 2007-June 2009

People:

Pres. Hoover

Pres. Roosevelt

Andrew Mellon

JP Morgan

Description:

Economic downturn that started in the US and spread to the rest of the world

Collapse of housing market

Tons of people lost jobs, homes, and savings

Significance:

interconnectedness of the world

Decline in consumer spending

Decline in investment

Employment rate decreased

Led to policies to prevent future crisisis

After, most countries faced low growth

Loss of trust in government

Lucy Drake

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Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2008)

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Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2008)

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People On December 2, 2009, revised versions of the bill were introduced in the House of Representatives by then–financial services committee chairman Barney Frank, and in the Senate Banking Committee by former chairman Chris Dodd.

Definition The most far reaching Wall Street reform in history, Dodd-Frank will prevent the excessive risk-taking that led to the financial crisis

Significance The most far reaching Wall Street reform in history, Dodd-Frank will prevent the excessive risk-taking that led to the financial crisis. The law also provides common-sense protections for American families, creating new consumer watchdog to prevent mortgage companies and pay-day lenders from exploiting consumers.

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People: Barack Obama

Definition: Barack Obama's time spent in office from January 20, 2009 - January 20, 2017.

Significance: Barack Obama's presidency was significant because of his ending of the Iraq War and him sending troops to Afghanistan, Affordable Care Act, his stance on marriage equality and climate change, and recovery during the Great Recession.

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America Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009)

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America Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009)

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People: President Obama

Definition: Goal was to stimulate the economy during the Great Recession. It included tax cuts, loan guarantees, and focusing financial assistance on families and education.

Significance: Total economic output was increased by $1.30 and it had a ripple effect through different measures to help stabilize the economy.

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People: Supreme Court; citizens united; federal election common

Definition: Supreme Court case that dealt with campaign finance. It looked over an act that restricted political spending that violated the first amendment.

Significance: It expanded free speech rights and increased influence on money.

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Dates:

Signed into law on March 23, 2010

People:

Pres. Obama

Nancy Pelosi

Harry Reid

Kathleen Sebelius

Nancy-Ann DeParle

Jonathan Gruber

Description:

Also known as Obamacare

US citizens have to have health insurance

Created marketplaces where insurance companies exchanged healthcare plans

Lower-income individuals got tax credits to help afford insurance

Expanded Medicaid

Health plans needed to cover more

Employers must offer life insurance

Dependent coverage until age 26

Significance:

Expand healthcare access

Medicaid expansion

Helped provide insurance for low-income individuals

Helped people with pre-existing health conditions

Covered maternity care, preventative care, mental health services, and prescription drugs

Lucy Drake

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People: Syrian government, Iran, Russia, Lebanese militia Hezbollah, Syrian rebel groups, United States, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Britain, France, Israel, the Netherlands.

Definition: ISIL (ISIS) is the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. They are a terrorist group, pushing for the preservation of Islamic rule in Muslim countries, as well as reclaiming land once controlled by Muslim leaders. Another goal of theirs is to spread Sharia law. The Syrian Civil War started in 2011, and is thought to have started due to severe economic inequality. It is also thought that the war was caused by clashing American and Russian influences regarding natural gas pipelines going through the country. Syrian rebel groups call for an overthrow of the government.

Significance: Many children have been killed in the civil war. The war has caused massive human rights violations and the destabilization of Syria.

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People: Osama Bin Laden, Seal Team 6

Definition: Information from Guantanamo Bay detainees was provided to the United States. This information helped the United States locate Bin Laden. After successfully hiding for a decade directly following 9/11, Bin Laden was killed in a storm operation by Seal Team 6 in Pakistan.

Significance: Killed the leader of Al-Queda, made the United States less vulnerable to Islamic terrorism.

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People: State of Arizona, United States.

Definition: The state of Arizona wished to grant more power to law enforcement in hopes of combating immigration. Arizona wanted to remove any illegal a alien who committed a crime, but the United States argued that states can not make their own immigration laws. The United States won the case.

Significance: Established that states can’t make their own immigration laws.

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People: Donald Trump

Definition: 45th presidency of the US

Significance: He signed the First Step Act on job training and early release of some federal prisoners and appointed Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court. In economic policy, he partially repealed the Dodd–Frank Act and signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.