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1902-1931 Alfonso XIII was the king of Spain

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1902-1931 Alfonso XIII was the king of Spain

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Alfonso XIII was the King of Spain. He continued with the political alternation in the Parliament but the same Constitution.

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Workers started to have Sunday off

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1906 Alfonso XIII y Victoria Eugenia got married

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1906 Alfonso XIII y Victoria Eugenia got married

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Alfonso XIII y Victoria Eugenia got married. They were attacked by Mateo Moral who threw a bomb inside a bunch of flowers.

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1920-1927 The war between Morocco and Spain

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1920-1927 The war between Morocco and Spain

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During the Alfonso XIII´s reign, Spain experienced many conflicts and disasters like the Rif War, the war between Morocco and Spain. A lot of people died because this war.

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Alfonso XIII sent young and poor citizens to this war so he become even more unpopular

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The Annual Disaster of 1921 was a battle during the Rif War, near the Moroccan town of Annual. Around 8.000 Spanish soldiers died in the war.

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Dictadura de Primo de Rivera (1923-1930)

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Primo de Rivera become dictator of Spain (took all the power) and Alfonso XIII agreed because he was very unpopular.

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Dictadura de Primo de Rivera (1923-1930)

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The Rif War finished and Spain won.

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In 1930, Primo de Rivera was forced to resign and left Spain. His regime become very unpopular due to economic difficulties and social discontent.

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The presidents were Niceto Alcalá Zamora and after him, Manuel Azaña.

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The left-wing parties (Republicans) won the elections.

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When Alfonso XIII knew the results of the elections decided to abdicate and left Spain.

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After elections, 2nd Republic was declared and the end of the monarchy.

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They signed a new Constitution (very liberal). Changes:

·       Land reform: pieces of land were given to the workers

·       Laboure reform: workers conditions improved.

·       Gender equality: women could vote thanks to Clara Campoamor.

·       Many schools were built.

·       Separation between State, Church who lost all its power.

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Grandes Mujeres Ilustradas: Clara Campoamor | Nació en Madrid, en el barrio que ahora conocemos como ‘Malasaña’. Fue una figura clave en la lucha de los derechos de la igualdad en muchos sentidos y... | By Freeda ESFacebook

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Right-wing parties won. Women could vote for first time thanks to Clara Campoamor.

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Grandes Mujeres Ilustradas: Clara Campoamor | Nació en Madrid, en el barrio que ahora conocemos como ‘Malasaña’. Fue una figura clave en la lucha de los derechos de la igualdad en muchos sentidos y... | By Freeda ESFacebook

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Nació en Madrid, en el barrio que ahora conocemos como ‘Malasaña’. Fue una figura clave en la lucha de los derechos de la igualdad en muchos sentidos y...

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The "Silver Age" in Spain was a special time when art, literature, and culture prospered. Some famous people from this time include writers like Federico García Lorca and Miguel de Unamuno, and artists like Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí.

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The Generation of '98 was a group of Spanish writers and intellectuals who lived around the year 1898. Some famous members include:

·       Miguel de Unamuno and Pío Baroja.

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The Generation of '27 ·       The Generation of '27 was a group of Spanish poets, artists, and intellectuals who were called this because many of them were born around 1927. Some famous members:

Federico García Lorca, Rafael Alberti, and Salvador Dalí.

Las Sinsombrero" female artists and intellectuals who were known as "sinsombrero" because they didn't wear hats, symbolizing their rejection of traditional roles imposed on women.

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The left-wing parties (Republicans) won the election. As a result, a group of military led by General Franco, General Mola and General Sanjurjo tried a military coup to take the control of the government but it wasn´t successful. This was the origin of Civil War.

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Manuel Azaña was the last president of the Second Republic from 1936 until 1939. He was part of the Republicans and introduced several democratic reforms. He fled to France with the defeat of the Republic in 1939 and died in exile only a year later at age 60.

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1936-1939 The Civil War:
Republicanos (government)
Franquistas (rebels)

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The city of Guernica (País Vasco) was bombed by German planes (Hitler) who supported Franco.

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An important battle took place (Battle of Ebro). Franquistas won the battle, as a result, Cataluña was isolated.

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Franco took control of Cataluña very easily . Some weeks later, Franco took control of Madrid (capital) and it was the end of the Civil War and the beginning of Franco´s dictatorship.

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Francisco Franco was the ruler of Spain from 1939 until his dead in 1975. He was known as a dictator because he ruled with absolute power. Franco´s dictatorship had two phases:

1939-1960 Phase of self-government

1960-1975 Phase of development

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·       Spain was an isolated country: no relation with other countries.
·       All political parties were banned: republicans were exiled, taken to prison or were killed.
·       Economy was very bad. Many poor people.
·       Church recovered its power
·       No democratic rights

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·       Economy gets better: middle classes had more money

·       More contact with other countries. A lot of tourists in Spain.

·       No democratic rights

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End the dictatorship. Before dying he named a new king, Juan Carlos I.

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1975 Coronation of the King Juan Carlos I

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1975 Coronation of the King Juan Carlos I

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He was the king until 2014 when he abdicated.

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Period from dictatorship under Francisco Franco to democracy. It marked by political reforms (a new constitution) and the establishment of democratic institutions. This period lead the integration of Spain into the world as a democratic nation.

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1st elections after the dictatorship. Adolfo Suarez become President of Spain. He allowed all political parties.

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A new Constitution was signed and there was a referendum to approve this new democratic constitution. The referendum took place on December 6, 1978. The Spanish people said yes to the new constitution.

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Coronel  Tejero and some soldiers tried a military coup to take control of the Parliament and the government but they failed.

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Spain joined the EEC along with Portugal in 1986, increasing the total number of member countries to 12. Nowadays there are 36 member countries.

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The Olympic Games took place in Barcelona and the EXPO in Sevilla.

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All countries of the European Union adopted the Euro except England. 1 euro was like 166,386 pesetas.

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Madrid suffered a terrorist attack. 192 people died after some bombs exploited in different trains of the city. 3 days after there were some general elections.

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Juan Carlos I abdicated and his son Felipe VI become the king. His successor on the throne will be the Infanta Leonor.

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There was a pandemic called COVID 19 in all the world and several million people have died due to it.