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In Part 1 of "1984," we meet Winston Smith, a low-ranking member of the ruling Party in the dystopian society of Oceania. Winston lives in a world where the Party, led by the figure Big Brother, exercises total control over every aspect of people's lives. Surveillance is omnipresent, with telescreens monitoring citizens' every move and thought. Winston secretly has rebellious thoughts against the Party and its oppressive regime, seeking truth and freedom in a world dominated by lies and manipulation. He begins a forbidden love affair with Julia, a fellow Party member, and joins a resistance movement known as the Brotherhood. However, Winston's defiance comes with risks, as he wants to know more about the deception and betrayal of the society.

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In Part 2 of "1984," Winston's rebellion against the Party intensifies as he delves deeper into the underground resistance movement known as the Brotherhood. He becomes increasingly disillusioned with the Party's propaganda and seeks to uncover the truth about its oppressive regime. Winston's relationship with Julia blossoms, and together they explore acts of defiance against the Party's strict rules. However, their newfound sense of freedom is short-lived as they are eventually captured by the Thought Police, the Party's secret police force.

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15 Major Events in 1984 by George Orwell timeline.

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In Part 2, Winston Smith is caught and taken to the Ministry of Love, a place where the government tortures people. Readers find out O'Brien is actually working for the government and ends up torturing Winston. The worst moment comes in Room 101, where Winston is faced with his biggest fear, rats, and ends up betraying Julia. In the end, After O'brien tortures Winston and forces him to believe the party's beliefs, he changes so much that he now loves the party, praises big brother, and believes everything the party says without questioning anything.

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Psychological Manipulation: The Party's manipulates their society by editing histroy, modifying records and making their ideas seem true.

Surveillance: The pervasive surveillance under which all citizens live, symbolized by the omnipresent gaze of Big Brother and the intrusive capabilities of the telescreens.

Control: Through the practice of "doublethink," the Party enforces its reality, forcing citizens to accept two contradictory beliefs simultaneously.

Totalitarianism: The government has full control over everything like behavior, thoughts, beliefs. Personal freedom is nonexistent and the party suppresses individuality and free will to maintain total power.

Technology: It is used a tool of surveillance, oppression, and to spread propaganda. They use devices like telescreens monitoring citizens' every move and thought.

Independence and Identity: The party elimates individuality and independence, forcing citizens to conform to the Party's ideology and surrender their personal identities for their benefit.

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Winston Smith: The protagonist, a member of the Outer Party who works at the Ministry of Truth. He becomes disillusioned with the Party and secretly rebels against its oppressive rule.

Julia: Winston's lover, who also works at the Ministry of Truth. She is younger than Winston and actively opposes the Party's doctrines, particularly those related to personal freedoms and sexuality.

O'Brien: A member of the Inner Party whom Winston initially believes to be a secret rebel but who later reveals himself as a loyal agent of the Thought Police. He plays a pivotal role in Winston's story, particularly in his ultimate downfall.

Big Brother: The symbolic leader of the Party, representing total power and authority. His image is omnipresent, symbolizing the Party’s control over every aspect of life.

Mr. Charrington: The owner of the second-hand store where Winston buys the diary and the glass paperweight. He is later revealed to be a member of the Thought Police, instrumental in setting the trap for Winston and Julia.

Syme: A co-worker of Winston’s at the Ministry of Truth, who is working on the Eleventh Edition of the Newspeak Dictionary. Winston regards him as too intelligent for his own safety, and Syme eventually disappears—likely vaporized due to his intellectual curiosity.

Parsons: Winston’s neighbor and colleague, a fervent Party supporter. He is ultimately betrayed by his own children and arrested by the Thought Police for thoughtcrime.

Katharine: Winston’s estranged wife, who is completely orthodox in her adherence to Party norms. Their relationship is cold and devoid of affection, highlighting the Party’s destructive influence on personal relationships.

Ampleforth: Another of Winston’s colleagues at the Ministry of Truth. He is arrested for leaving the word "God" in a Kipling poem when producing a Newspeak version.

The Proles: Although not a single character, the proletariat (or Proles) represent the majority of Oceania's population, largely ignored by the Party yet symbolically significant to Winston as a hope for the future.

Emmanuel Goldstein: Another figure who exerts an influence on the novel without ever appearing in it. According to the Party, Goldstein is the legendary leader of the Brotherhood. He seems to have been a Party leader who fell out of favor with the regime. In any case, the Party describes him as the most dangerous and treacherous man in Oceania.

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Orwell's message in "1984" explains the dangers of totalitarianism, abuse of power, and the manipulation of truth. Through Winston's character and the dystopian society of Oceania, Orwell warns the readers about the consequences of a government that controls every aspect of people's lives, including their thoughts and beliefs.

Orwell's message highlights the idea of surveillance and the loss of privacy. In the novel, the Party uses advanced technology to monitor its citizens constantly, creating a climate of fear and distrust. This serves as a warning about the potential for authoritarian regimes to strip away individual freedoms in the name of maintaining control.

Additionally, Orwell elucidates the manipulation of language and information as tools of oppression. The Party in "1984" rewrites history, controls the media, and uses propaganda to shape public opinion and erase dissent.