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The picture above shows the two leading figures of the Chinese Revolution: Chian Kai-Shek to the left and Mao Zedong to the right.

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CHINESE REVOLUTION:

The Chinese Revolution was one of the most important events of China's involvement in the cold war. It refers to the the specific later stages of the Chinese Civil War. The revolution began in 1946 when China's communist party and the Chinese Nationalists began war, eventually leading to a communist victory and expulsion of nationalist. It later ended with the Capture of the Hainan Island by the Communists in 1950. The revolution consisted of a military struggle to Control China between the Nationalists(under Chian Kai-Shek)and Communists (under Mao Zedong). After the end of the revolution, the west clocked the communists from replacing the nationalist republic of china and China battled UN forces in the Korean War a year later.

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Formation of the Eastern Bloc:

Cause of the event: The Soviet Union used their influence that they had during the war, and established a communist rule while also creating an alliance of countries on its eastern borders that stood as a buffer between the Western world and itself.

Key individuals: Soviet Union, Western Europe

Dates: 1947-1991

Outcomes of the event: Split between Western and Eastern Europe.

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Vietnam War:

Cause:

Nationalist forces attempted to unify Vietnam under a communist government while the United States and the South Vietnamese, tried to stop the spread of communism.

Key individuals:

Ho Chi Minh - Communist Vietnamese revolutionary leader

President Johnson - 36th US president

Richard Nixon - 37th US president

Dates:

1941 - Ho Chi Minh returns to Vietnam

1945 - Established Democratic Republic of Vietnam

1950-1954 - France attempts to prevent Vietnam from becoming a communist country but fails

1965-1969 - The US was involved in a limited war in Vietnam

1973 - Peace talks in Paris produce a cease-fire agreement

1975 - South Vietnam surrenders to communist North Vietnam

1976 - Vietnam reunited as a communist country, The Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Outcome:

The South Vietnamese capital of Saigon fell to the North Vietnamese Army in 1975. The North Vietnamese are victorious and Vietnam becomes a communist country.

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The Bay of Pigs Invasion took place on April 17, 1961, and was targeted against Fidel Castro because the U.S. government believed that Castro was a Soviet Client who posed a danger to Latin America. The Invasion was planned by the CIA and supported by John F. Kennedy. The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed attempt and was defeated in three days by the Cuban Army Revolutionary Forces. The Invasion also ended up strenthening the support for Casto's government, increased his connections with the Soviet Union, and led the Soviet Union to provide nuclear weapons to Cuba.

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Postwar Occupation and Division of Germany:

Cause of the Event: Due to the victory of the Allies after World War II, the Allies decided to split Germany into 4 different territories.

What happened during the event: The Four Powers each occupied a section of former Germany.

Key individuals: UK, France, US, Soviet Union

Date of the event: February 1945, participants

decided that in addition to United States, British, and Soviet occupation zones in Germany, the French were also to

have an occupation zone, carved out of the United States and British zones.

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Korean War

Date: June 1950-July 1953

Cause of the event and what occurred: After the liberation of Japan from WW2, Korea was split into North and South. The U.S. occupied the south and the Soviet Union occupied the north. The south became democratic while the north fell under the communist and dictator Kim Il-sung. There were many disagreements on the border splitting the two and he war started when North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25, 1980. The UN backed South Korea up with military help as President Truman sent American forces to the South. the American forces pushed the border back to the 38th line, but when China got involved, the South lost Seoul, but eventually got it back. There were many invasions and pushing borders of North and South Korea, but it resulted in the split on the 38th parallel line.

Key individuals/groups: USSR, US, UN, Kim Il-sung, General Douglas MacArthur, President Truman

Outcome: Fighting over territory ended but no formal peace treaty was approved and to this day ,only a demilitarized zone remains between North and South Korea which are now two independent countries.

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Berlin Blockade/Berlin Airlift:

Causes of the event: As the war ended and peace emerged, the country was divided into four zones, occupied and administered by one of the US, UK, France and USSR. Berlin, the German capital, was deep within the Soviet zone, but was also split into four between the same nations.

What occurred during the event: On the night of June 23-24 all rail and road links were cut off, as was the electricity supply, the excuse given being a need to stop devalued older currency flooding in from the West. An isolated West Berlin could not support itself for very long without supplies from outside: 2.5 million people had only five weeks of food.

Key individual: Joseph Stalin

Dates of the event: June 23-24, 1948

Outcome of the event: A massive airlift of food, coal and other supplies between the Western German zones and Berlin. The airlift was at first highly improvised and by the end of July that year US and UK planes were bringing in 2000 tons a day.

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The Cuban Revolution

Dates: -1952-1959

Cause of the event and what occurred: The cuban revolution started when Fidel Castro wanted to overthrow the dictator Fulgencio Batista. Batista was oppressive and depended on the support of the UC government. Castro did not approve of the U.S. refusing to recall military advisors that were assisting the Cuban Air force in bombing Cuban dissidents. His nationalistic views as well as economic sanctions like the elimination of Cuba from the US sugar quota led to him turning to the USSR, that supported Cuba with weapons and nukes. Despite JFK sending invasion forces, the invasion failed on the US side.

Key individuals/groups involved: Fulgencio Batista, Fidel Castro, JFK, USSR, US

Outcome: Led to US. defeat while invading Cuba and JFK claimed that there was no nuclear weapon gap between the USSR and US. After this, The USSR began sending missiles and nukes to Cuba.

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The Marshall Plan

Dates: 1947-1951

Cause of event and what occurred: After WW2, Europe was destroyed with millions people dead, disrupted agricultural production, and infrastructure like transportation was destroyed. In comparison U.S. did not face any damage and was already financially supporting the Europe. After President Truman appointed George Marshall as the secretary of State for the U.S., he shared the Marshall plan to rebuild Western Europe. He emphasized political stability as key to restoring the economy. 16 nations entered the plan and with the assistance of the Economic Cooperation Administration of the U.S., the U.S. funded nearly 13 Billion dollars in aid of rebuilding Western European countries.

Key individuals/groups involved: Harry Truman, George Marshall

Outcome: The Marshall plan made a big impact in European economies to grow and prosper. Trade relations also lead to the North Atlantic alliance.

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The Soviet War in Afghanistan was an armed conflict that took place from 1979 to 1989. The Soviet Union grew worried about the growing Muslim population in Soviet Central Asia, and this caused them to invade Afghanistan. The Soviet Union saw their control slipping, and the invasion was an attempt to regain control. They did this by killing Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin and inserting their Soviet puppet, Bubrak Kamal, in this position. This ended up not working, and Kamal could not gain widespread support from the Afghani people. The Soviet Union was not able to maintain control, and in 1988, it signed an accord with the United States, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to withdraw its troops.

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The Tiananmen Square Massacre took place from Apr 15, 1989 – Jun 4, 1989. The massacre occurred in Tiananmen Square when Chinese students and workers protested in the square, demanding greater political freedom. This protest was brutally crushed by the Chinese military (The People's Liberation Army), and they killed and injured the majority of the protestors, making it a brutal massacre.

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Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia, Bol'shaya Cheremushkinskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, Akademicheskiy, Russia

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Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia, Bol'shaya Cheremushkinskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, Akademicheskiy, Russia

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Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia, Bol'shaya Cheremushkinskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, Akademicheskiy, Russia

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The fall of the Soviet Union was in 1991, and many of the Soviet Union's republics left. President Gorbachev's decision to change the election policy to a multi-party system began a slow process of democracy, eventually destabilizing the communist regime and then the fall of the Soviet Union. The fall of the Soviet Union allowed other countries, such as the US, to gain power. The US gained much more influence as a world power after the fall of the Soviet Union.

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Cuban Missile Crisis:

Date: Oct 16, 1962 - Oct 29, 1962

Cause:

US spy planes discovered the Soviet Union building surface-to-air missile (SAM) launch sites and an increased number of Soviet ships to Cuba which were feared to be carrying weapons. President John F. Kennedy complained to the Soviet Union that the US would not accept offensive weapons in Cuba

Key individuals:

John F. Kennedy - 35th US president

Nikita Khrushchev - First secretary of the Soviet Union

Outcome:

Nikita Khrushchev issued a statement saying that all Soviet missiles would be removed from Cuba and that the Soviet Union would not attack Cuba.

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Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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Rise & Fall of the Berlin Wall:

Dates: Aug 13, 1961 - Nov 9, 1989

Cause:

The Berlin Wall started to be built shortly before midnight on Aug 12, 1961, by the German Democratic Republic during the Cold War. It was built to prevent the population of the Soviet-controlled East Berlin to the Western-controlled West Berlin.

Key individuals:

Joseph Stalin - Soviet dictator

Walter Ulbricht - German communist politician

Lucius D. Clay - American military governor

Mikhail Gorbachev - A humane, reformist Soviet leader

Outcome:

Political changes in Eastern Europe and civil unrest in Germany put pressure on the East German government to loosen some of its regulations on travel to West Germany. In just one night, the wall fell, and thousands of East Berliners wandered the streets of the western districts.

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Non-Aligned Movement:

Date: Sep 1, 1961 - Sep 6, 1961

Cause:

The Non-Aligned Movement originated in the aftermath of the Korean War, as an effort by some countries to counterbalance the rapid bi-polarization of the world during the Cold War.

Location:

The Non-Aligned Movement was formally established at the First (I) Summit in Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Leaders/country of origin:

Josip Broz Tito - Yugoslavia

Gamal Abdel Nasser - Egypt

Jawaharlal Nehru - India

Kwame Nkrumah - Ghana

Sukarno - Indonesia

Outcome:

The international policy of non-alignment achieved major successes in decolonization, disarmament, opposition to racism, and opposition to apartheid in South Africa, and persisted throughout the entire Cold War