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Explanation: The primary source is a newspaper article from The Washington Blade, published in 1991, and written by Nick Bartolomeo. Reporting CDC efforts to refine understanding of the boundary between HIV and AIDS.

Event Summary: In 1991, the government defined the disease as an opportunistic infection, such as pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii. The CDC would expand the current definition of HIV infection to include people with CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower under the expanded definition proposed by the Conference of State and Territorial Epidemiologists on May 3. Several factors led to the cancellation of the 13th International Lesbian and Gay Conference, including threats from the mayor of Guadalajara, DC, which was selected to host the conference, concerns over high suicide rates among gay teens, analysis of marginalization in the LGBT community of people of color, criticism from female impersonators of the Democratic National Committee, and many more. An update on the search for a vaccine for HIV, a lack of drag shows at Pride celebrations, a report on the record crowds in D.C., and a lesbian night at Tracks gay club. Bush criticized the Episcopal Church for ordaining gays.

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Explanation: This primary source is a newspaper article from The Washington Blade, published in 1993 by Lisa Keen. The article reports on the progress being made in changing the military's policy of discharging gay military personnel. Furthermore, the article discusses local community health services and HIV/AIDS public health programs in D.C., as well as D.C.'s budget crisis.

Event summary: President Clinton's first full fiscal year funding proposal came out swinging with a far more significant budget increase for AIDS and women's cancers than proposed by previous presidents. But AIDS and activists were warning that those increases may be setting them up for an unprecedented battle over funding for other diseases. Clinton proposed $2.6 billion for AIDS and female cancers, an increase of $443 million over last year's funding level. However, the NIH budget is going up only $328 million, raising concerns about where Clinton will get those extra dollars.

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Explanation: The primary source is a newspaper article from The Washington Blade, published in 1993 and written by Lisa Keen. This article features articles on domestic partner benefits for employees of HUD, the second in a series about the work of the Sexual Minority Youth Assistance League (SMYAL).

Event summary: Research in the mainstream media showed 1 in 5 people reported having same-sex experiences, conflict over behavior and atmosphere at Pride parades from San Francisco, financial woes for D.C. Pride Day 1992 organizers, updates on HIV/AIDS care research, and ads for gay-friendly businesses.

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Explanation: The primary source is a newspaper article from The Washington Blade, published in 2000, and written by Will O'Bryan. The report covers the Millennium March on Washington, estimating crowd size at the march, challenges facing lesbians in Zimbabwe, the results of DC's primary election, and the 29th anniversary of the Gay and Lesbian Activist Alliance.

Event Summary: The Millennium March on Washington, challenges for lesbians living in Zimbabwe, the results of DC's primary election, the Gay and Lesbian Activist Alliance celebrating its 29th anniversary, brief updates on local news, Tyra Henderson's murder, and more. The article includes a picture of hundreds of gay couples at the Lincoln Memorial. It also includes a profile of gay composer Ricky Ian Gordon and programming announcements.

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Explanation: The primary source is a newspaper article from The Washington Blade, published in 2001 and written by Lou Chibbaro Jr. This article focuses on the topics of resident George W. Bush's increase in funding for AIDS research; the celebration of National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness and Information Day in D.C.; an outbreak of syphilis in southern California; a bill in Baltimore City; Maryland that would allow same-sex couples to register as domestic partnerships legally.

Event Summary: For the Record' presents transgender activists' criticism of GenderPAC, a lesbian couple sentenced to death in Somalia, and a mail fraud investigation into the Dallas chapter of the Boy Scouts of America. There is also advertising for businesses, churches, services, events, medications, or real estate, along with obituaries, opinions, cartoons, arts calendars, community notes, sports lines-ups, and classifieds.

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Article from CBS NEWS titled "Supreme Court: Marriage is a fundamental right for gay couples" (2015)

Explanation: The primary source is an Article from CBS News, published in 2015 and written by Stephanie Condon. Condon focuses on the fundamental right to gay Marriage ruled by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Event Summary: All states are required to perform same-sex marriages and to recognize same-sex marriages performed elsewhere. A marriage becomes more significant when two people come together, and some petitioners ask that the law recognize this equality. The Constitution guarantees their right to do so. Approximately 60 percent of Americans support same-sex marriage, according to a CBS News poll. According to more than half of respondents, state governments should be allowed to handle it. The court ruled that same-sex couples are entitled to the same state benefits as married couples in every state and expressly granted Jim Obergefell the right to be listed on his husband's death certificate. Obergefell said Arthur would be proud of him for living up to his promises to fight for and honor him. In their dissenting opinions, the four minority justices expressed their views. Chief Justice John Roberts told those supporting same-sex marriage to celebrate the achievement of a desired goal but not the Constitution.

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In a historic development for gay rights and the institution of marriage, the Supreme Court has ruled that same-sex couples have the constitutional right to marry.

Specifically, the 5-4 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges declares that the 14th Amendment requires all states to perform same-sex marriages and recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states.

"No union is more profound than marriage, for it embodies the highest ideals of love, fidelity, devotion, sacrifice, and family," Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote for the majority.

"In forming a marital union, two people become something greater than once they were. As some of the petitioners in these cases demonstrate, marriage embodies a love that may endure even past death," the ruling continues. "It would misunderstand these men and women to say they disrespect the idea of marriage. Their plea is that they do respect it, respect it so deeply that they seek to find its fulfillment for themselves. Their hope is not to be condemned to live in loneliness, excluded from one of civilization's oldest institutions. They ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The Constitution grants them that right."

The ruling extends marriage rights to gay couples in the 14 remaining states where same-sex marriage was previously prohibited. It also validates lower-court rulings in 20 states where marriage bans were struck down by federal judges.

The recent series of court rulings striking down marriage bans, culminating with this Supreme Court ruling, reflects a growing national acceptance of same-sex marriage. A February CBS News poll showed that 60 percent of Americans said it should be legal for same-sex couples to marry. More than half, 56 percent, said same-sex marriage should be left up to the states, though support for that position dropped eight points from a year earlier.

By protecting same-sex marriage nationally, the court is ensuring that same-sex couples are entitled to same state benefits that all married couples receive, in every state. In the Obergefell v. Hodges case, plaintiff Jim Obergefell was specifically seeking the right to be listed on his husband's death certificate. Obergefell and his longtime partner John Arthur were legally married in Maryland in 2013, when Arthur was terminally ill. However, since their home state of Ohio did not recognize same-sex marriages, the state refused Obergefell's request to be listed on Arthur's death certificate.

When CBS News' Jan Crawford asked Obergefell earlier this year what Arthur would think of the ongoing legal battle, Obergefell said, "I think -- I know -- he's proud. I know he would thank me for living up to my promises to him, for living up to my marriage vows to fight for him, to love him, to honor him and to protect him."

Each of the four justices in the minority -- Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito -- wrote their own dissenting opinion.

"The fundamental right to marry does not include a right to make a State change its definition of marriage," Roberts wrote in his dissent. "And a State's decision to maintain the meaning of marriage that has persisted in every culture throughout human history can hardly be called irrational."

The chief justice ended his dissent by telling those in support of same-sex marriage, "by all means celebrate today's decision. Celebrate the achievement of a desired goal. Celebrate the opportunity for a new expression of commitment to a partner. Celebrate the availability of new benefits. But do not celebrate the Constitution. It had nothing to do with it."
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Stephanie Condon

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Supreme Court: Marriage is a fundamental right for gay couples

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Fourteenth Amendment requires states to recognize same-sex marriages, court says in historic ruling

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Explanation: The primary source is a newspaper article from The Washington Blade, published in 1997 and written by Rhonda Smith and Lou Chibbaro Jr., focusing on a gay rights activist named Ambassador, the anti-gay platform of the Promise Keepers rally in DC, a vote on the prohibition of discrimination in Washington state, and the relocation of a Virginia church.

Event Summary: At-large candidate forum for DC Council race, Miss America's advocacy for gay youth, restaurant, theater, television, music, book, film, dance, and classified ads are included in this edition.

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Short Canva Article "No Justice No Pride"

Explanation: Following the Obergefell v. Supreme Court decision 2015, the White House was illuminated in Pride flag colors. In Washington, D.C., No Justice, No Pride movement activists protested during the Capital Pride Parade. As a result of this protest, the LGBTQ+ community continues to be divided over Pride's direction and inclusivity.

Event Summary: In 2015, No Justice, No Pride activists protested during the Capital Pride Parade. LGBTQ+ community tensions remain high. A collective known as No Justice No Pride opposes corporate sponsorship of Pride events as it might prioritize profits over people, disproportionately impacting marginalized members of the LGBTQ+ community. Law enforcement presence at Pride events was challenged by No Justice No Pride, which cited discrimination and violence against LGBTQ+ individuals. According to protesters, marginalized groups were not sufficiently represented by mainstream Pride organizations and events. An activist group, No Justice No Pride, blocked the Capital Pride Parade route and disrupted it significantly with chants and banners. Within the community, the protest led to broader discussions about the Pride movement's values, inclusivity, and representation. During the 2017 Capital Pride Parade, a protest called No Justice, No Pride brought home the importance of internal justice, equity, and representation within the LGBTQ+ community.