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Resource on Maori pa - how they were used and how they evolved for different purposes before and after Colonisation.

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The word pā can refer to any Māori village or defensive settlement, but often refers to hill forts - fortified settlements with palisades and defensive terraces - and also to fortified villages. Pā are mainly in the North Island of New Zealand, north of Lake Taupo. Over 5000 sites have been located, photographed and examined although few have been subject to detailed analysis. No pā have been yet located from the early colonisation period when early Polynesian-Māori colonisers lived in the lower South Island. Variations similar to pā are found throughout central Polynesia, in the islands of Fiji, Tonga and the Marquesas Islands. In Māori culture, a great pā represented the mana and strategic ability of an iwi (tribe) as personified by a rangatira (chiefs). Pā are located in various defensible locations around the territory (rohe) of an iwi to protect fertile plantation sites and food supplies. Almost all pā are found on prominent raised ground, especially volcanic hills. The natural slope of the hill is then terraced. Dormant volcanoes were commonly used for pā in Auckland. Pā are multipurpose in function. Pā that have been extensively studied after the New Zealand Wars and more recently were found to safeguard food and water storage sites or wells, food storage pits (especially kūmara, sweet potato), and small integrated plantations, maintained inside the pā. Recent studies have shown that in most cases, few people lived long term in a single pā, and that iwi maintained several pā at once, often under the control of a hapū (subtribe). The area in between pā were primarily common residential and horticultural sites. A tourist attraction of authentic pā engineering is at Maungawhau / Mount Eden.

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Taringa - Iwi o te Wiki - Ngaati Wairere (some mention of Te Koopu Maania)

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Ngāti Wairere historian and carver Wiremu Puke phones in to talk to us about his Iwi. We kōrero around the whakapapa, and find out some interesting facts about Hamilton place names along the way.

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Taringa - Ep 105 - Iwi o te Wiki - Ngāti Wairere | Taringa Podcast

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Ngāti Wairere historian and carver Wiremu Puke phones in to talk to us about his Iwi. We kōrero around the whakapapa, and find out some interesting facts about Hamilton place names along the way.

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Taringa Iwi o te Wiki - Ngaati Hauaa

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Tia Gillet skypes in to join us for a chat about the large Iwi from the eastern Waikato of New Zealand - Ngati Hauā, featuring our very first impromptu whānau performance of Waiata o te wiki.

This week's kīwaha is "Ō roke" (load of bullsh*t, you're full of it!)

This episode was recorded prior to the Covid-19 Government enforced Level 4 restrictions.

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Taringa - Ep 137 - Iwi o te Wiki - Ngāti Hauā | Taringa Podcast

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Tia Gillet skypes in to join us for a chat about the large Iwi from the eastern Waikato of New Zealand - Ngati Hauā, featuring our very first impromptu whānau performance of Waiata o te wiki. This week's kīwaha is "Ō roke" (load of bullsh*t, you're full of it!)

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Investigating Histories Website

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Ngaa Pou o Te Oko Horoi - Kaahui Ako Website

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This article describes the development of pā technology in the nineteenth century, as iwi and hapū defended themselves and their land against invasion. It explains how the basic features of pā technology were adapted in response to invasion by Pākehā - utilising the rich knowledge Māori held about their land.

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This article describes the development of pā technology in the nineteenth century, as iwi and hapū defended themselves and their land against invasion. It explains how the basic features of pā technology were adapted in response to invasion by Pākehā - utilising the rich knowledge Māori held about their land.

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The first chapter of Kim Himoana Penetito's thesis, 'Ngaa Uri o Ngaati Te Oro', contains information about the whakapapa of Ngaati Hauaa.