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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity. • Hue: name of color • Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when white or black is added) • Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity=color is faint and dull)

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole. Camera obscura can also refer to analogous constructions such as a box or tent in which an exterior image is projected inside.

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35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography. As such, films and printing papers available for analog photography rarely rely on any other chemical process to record an image.

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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

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the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body

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the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.

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the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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The quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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An image gradient is a directional change in the intensity or color in an image. The gradient of the image is one of the fundamental building blocks in image processing.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature.

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The phrase warm color is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming. Examples of warm colors include red, yellow and orange (think exciting fire and volcanoes)

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Neutral colors are muted shades that appear to lack color but often have underlying hues that change with different lighting. Examples of neutral colors include beige, taupe, gray, cream, brown, black, and white. While neutral colors are not on the color wheel, they complement primary and secondary colors.

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1. a color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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Monochromatic colors are all the colors of a single hue. Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints. Tints are achieved by adding white and shades and tones are achieved by adding a darker color, grey or black.

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An image gradient is a directional change in the intensity or color in an image. The gradient of the image is one of the fundamental building blocks in image processing.

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charged with running the room, wing, art gallery, or museum dedicated to Photographers and their work.

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an event wherever the creator, painters, photographers show their artistic work in the hope of attracting the art lovers.

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: a large room for the exhibition of pictures also : a collection of pictures.

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producing photographic reproductions of objects on display in museums

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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Constructive criticism focuses on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. Objective: (of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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Copyrights primarily protect the rights of people who create literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works (like history tests, and software code). Trademarks protect the use of a company's name and its product names, brand identity (like logos) and slogans.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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What are leading lines in photography? “Leading lines are a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image,”

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The photograph is divided into nine rectangles along two horizontal and vertical lines according to the golden ratio.

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Negative space photography is related to minimalist photography. It emphasizes not just the subject, but the empty space around the subject. The viewer's eyes may be drawn to a central figure, but they can't help noticing the large section of emptiness that surrounds and defines that figure.

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail. Negative space is just the opposite — parts of an image that don't attract as much attention, surrounding the positive space and giving it a buffer.

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Backlighting means that you compose your pictures so that the primary light source is behind your subject. This can add a unique atmosphere to your photos while emphasising the subject. Backlight works as a dramatic effect that adds contrast and separates the subject from the background.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused. Light from behind a lampshade is diffused compared to the direct light of a bare bulb. The lampshade softens and scatters the light.

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Ambient lighting is essentially indirect lighting. A soft light that is reflected off the ceiling. It reduces the shadows on people's faces and fills the room with equal brightness, opening up the architecture and drawing people in. Ambient light may be produced in a number of ways.

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Chiaroscuro is a renaissance painting technique which literally means “light-dark” in Italian. What I like to call atmospheric chiaroscuro is more immersed in the style of Caravaggio (1571-1610)—darker backgrounds but also high contrast between highlights and shadows with harmonious saturated tones.

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A silhouette is a solid, dark image of a subject against a brighter background. Silhouette pictures usually show the subject in profile.

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Diptychs are a set of two photos you can use to tell a story and emphasise contrast. Or you can create one composition using two entirely different images. The word itself comes from ancient Greek. Think of diptychs as collages. If two photos aren't enough, try out triptychs

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A triptych is a group of 3 separate images displayed together. But crucially, the 3 images are more than just 3 photographs set out next to each other - they work together to create something more than that

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a method of projection in which an object is depicted or a surface mapped using parallel lines to project its shape onto a plane.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel). A good way to check for barrel distortion is to look for parallel lines in the area you are shooting and see if the lines appear parallel in your image.

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Pincushion distortion produces the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image.

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. While film grain is a function of such particles it is not the same thing as such.

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Just like with sound, where noise refers to auditory disruptions, in photography, the term digital noise refers to visual distortion. Noise looks like tiny colored pixels or specks in your photograph, and sometimes resembles the grain that you may see in film photography.

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Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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Program mode is marked by 'P' on your camera's mode dial and is one of the Creative Zone modes, though one with the least control over your exposure settings. In program mode the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture.

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As the name suggests, “Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls.

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Shutter priority, also called time value, refers to a setting on cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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One of those modes is aperture priority. With it, the photographer selects a specific aperture value and the camera autoselects the proper shutter speed based on how much light it detects.

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Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like: It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

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What Is Bulb Mode on a Camera? Bulb mode simply allows the photographer to take a picture for as long as the shutter is depressed (that means pushed down, not sad…). You can use bulb mode by choosing manual mode or shutter priority, then start scrolling your selector wheel all the way to the end of the shutter speeds.

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What is motion blur? Motion blur is a long exposure photography technique that lets you convey the feeling of movement or action in a still image.

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In photography, a tripod is a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other videographic or observational/measuring equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long-exposure photograph,

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Panning photography freezes objects in motion in a still frame. Explore ways to pan your camera, what shutter speed to use, and other ways to add action to your shots.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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The spot meter allows your camera to measure a tiny area of the scene. The size of that area is between 1 and 5% of the viewfinder. And that's small! So it's the perfect choice to let you pinpoint small details in your frame.

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Partial Metering is a camera-metering mode in which the metering is weighted at the center of the viewfinder (unlike center-weighted in which the camera averages the exposure based on the reading at the center).

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Centre-weighted Average metering is like using Evaluative metering with a centre AF point. It places greater emphasis on the centre area while also taking meter reading across the entire frame.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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By definition 18% gray is the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white.