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As time goes by, there is more and more awareness being spread about this disease. Singer Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins and actor Larenz Tate are both individuals with sickle cell anemia. They have used their platforms to spread awareness of the disease and support organizations that do that, as well. There is, also, World Sickle Cell Day that brings awareness to the disease on an international level.³

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There are many different types of support you can get when dealing with sickle cell anemia. Lots of patients receive psychosocial support, which helps with their mental, emotional, and social health. Others are more inclined to talk to a genetic counselor for professional advice. There are, also, various foundations, like the Sickle Cell Disease Foundation of California, that help educate and provide services and programs that empower people with sickle cell disease.⁷

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Sickle cell disease has been an established disease in Africa for at least five thousand years. However, not until 1910 was it officially discovered in the United States. Chemists Dr. Linus Pauling and Dr. Harvery Itano discovered that hemoglobin in an individual with SCD was chemically shaped differently than regular hemoglobin.⁴

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Most treatments for this disease are to relieve any pain, complications, and severe symptoms. Medications, like L-glutamine oral powder, voxelotor, other pain-relieving substances, and blood transfusions can be used to treat the effects of sickle cell anemia. Children and teenagers might also have the option of stem cell transplants that can possibly cure the disease.2,5,6

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For this disease, a blood test can be taken to determine any form of sickle cell inheritance. It would check whether hemoglobin-S mutations were in your blood or not. This routine is implemented in newborn screening procedures in the United States.2,5,6

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Sickle cell anemia is an inherited autosomal recessive disease that is passed down when both parents carry one copy of the mutated gene. The parents usually do not have the disease itself, but they do carry the gene that could possibly cause their offspring to have it. These parents are called carriers. If both parents have the mutated gene, it is a 1 in 4 chance of having a child with sickle cell disease.2,6

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Millions of people are affected by sickle cell disease throughout the world. It's quite common for people whose ancestry comes from sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and other Mediterranean countries, as well. Black and African-American offspring are more likely affected with 1 in 13 babies being born with the sickle cell trait.1,6

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Due to blood blockage from the sickle cells, it can affect the organs in your body because they are not receiving the oxygen or blood they need to continue working. This can cause extreme pain, severe infections, and damage to your nerves and organs (kidneys, liver, etc.)2,5

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Sickle cell disease is caused by chromosome 11, which contains the HBB gene that has a mutation for that disease. The HBB gene is a part of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Hemoglobin-A is in normal red blood cells that allow an easy blood flow. However, hemoglobin-S mutates the blood cells into a sickle shape causing easier blood blockages.2,6

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1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/data.html#:~:text=SCD%20affects%20approximately%20100%2C000%20Americans,sickle%20cell%20trait%20(SCT).
2. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center | https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8614/sickle-cell-anemia
3. Heart Research Funding | https://healthresearchfunding.org/famous-people-sickle-cell-anemia-disease/
4. Howard University Hospital | http://huhealthcare.com/healthcare/hospital/specialty-services/sickle-cell-disease-center/disease-information/breif-history#:~:text=The%20disorder%20we%20call%20%E2%80%9CSickle,but%20in%20the%20United%20States.
5. Mayo Clinic | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sickle-cell-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355876#:~:text=In%20sickle%20cell%20anemia%2C%20some,all%20parts%20of%20the%20body.
6. National Human Genome Research Institute | https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Sickle-Cell-Disease#:~:text=Sickle%20cell%20disease%20is%20caused,and%20glide%20through%20blood%20vessels.
7. Sickle Cell Disease Foundation | https://www.scdfc.org/

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Sickle cell disease, or sickle cell anemia, is an inherited blood disorder that modifies the shape of the red blood cells in your body. The cells would change into a sickle shape, which can affect your blood flow and the amount of oxygen being carried out through your body.2,5