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In Canada only 1.6% of males and 1.8% of females live from ages 75-79 and only 0.1% of both females and males live to see ages 95-99 and most die after those ages.

In Japan only 2.6% of males and 3.2% of females live to ages 75-79 and only 1% of males live to ages 95-99 and then die, as for women, 1% of females live to age 100+. Japan has the highest life expectancy in females out of both countries but has the same life expectancy in males as Canada.

Nigeria has the shortest life expectancy with only 0.2% of both females and males living to ages 75-79 and only 0.1% live to ages 80-84 and die after that age.

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Canada has high life expectancy due to many different factors. Canada has higher/better education, good opportunities for employment and great healthcare and medical support as well as offers public healthcare. Economics also plays an important role in life expectancy. People who live in high-income countries like Canada, generally live longer than people in low-income countries.

Japan has one of the highest life expectancy due to fewer deaths caused by health issues. Such as cancer (mainly prostate and breast) and ischemic heart disease like myocardial infarction.

Nigeria has one of the worst life expectancies due to many different factors. Most deaths are caused by pneumonia, influenza and respiratory diseases caused by extreme air pollution.

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It’s important to know the life expectancy of a country because it tells us the common age of death in a population. It helps assess the health of the population and recognize the situations and problems in the environment causing people to die.
Problems we can face with a high life expectancy are the effects it has on our economy, the rise in population and the increased risk for different health issues such as dementia, disbilites and diseases.
The problem with low life expectancy is that children will lose their parent(s) at a young age, which can cause children to become depressed and develop mental issues. It can also cause an increase in orphans and homelessness for family members.

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The number of years a person is expected to live in a country.

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Nigeria has the highest birth rate overall in both females and males. It’s 8.3% in males and 8% in females with a total birth rate of 16.3%.

Canada has the second highest birth rate in both females and males. It’s 2.7% in males and 2.6% in females with a total birth rate of 5.3%.

Japan has the lowest birth rate out of both countries with 1.9% being males and 1.8% being females and it has a total birth rate of 3.7%.

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Nigeria has one of the highest fertility rates in the world. It is very common to have larger families and household sizes are higher than average. There are many reasons for this, one of which are the religions and cultures of certain individuals. Some of them encourage having more children and believe the more kids the better, they also value/appreciate all lives.

Birth rates in Canada began to drop further in 2019 since covid and only increased since then. Many people have delayed or changed their thoughts/plans to have a child due to Covid-19 and are scared of the risks and health effects it can have on their newborn child.

The birth rates in Japan are very low compared to other countries and there’s lots of different reasons for that. Such as increase in divorces, economic burden, lack of good jobs and unstable employment, and childcare load.

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It’s important to know birth rates because it has a big impact on the country’s population and it allows the government to properly/appropriately plan and prepare budgeting for education, schools, health(care) systems and suitable resources as well as enlarging accessible child care.
The problem with high birth rate is it can put much pressure on the government, increase the damage to the environment and other species, and affect the accessibility of family programs. It can also increase the amount of poverty seen in a country because some parents can’t financially support so many children.
The problem with low birth rate is it reduces population size/growth, specifically in younger individuals and slow economic expansion.

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Birth rates measure the number of successful live births per thousand of population every year.

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Total dependency load:
Canada: 52%
Japan: 70%
Nigeria: 86%

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The total dependency is low in Canada because there’s almost two times more working individuals than unemployed individuals.

The total dependency load is high in Japan because there’s almost 30% more working individuals than unemployed ones.

The total dependency load is very high in Nigeria because there’s only around 8% more employed people than unemployed ones.

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The importance of the total dependency load is to compare the number of economically dependent people and the number of working-age people and disclose how well a country can care for their dependents.
Having a low dependency rate is actually really good for the citizens. It means that there are more working age individuals who can help to support the economically dependent population such as elderly or under aged children.
Some of the problems with high dependency loads are the effects it has on working people and productivity growth. It puts a financial burden/pressure on working individuals to supply and support social services for children and older people who are economically dependent.

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Dependency load is the number of unemployed/not working people from ages under 15 and over the age of 64 compared to the number of working/employed people from ages 15-65.
To calculate this you must add the percentage of people under the age of 15 then add all the people above the age of 65. Then divide that number by the number of people working (from ages 15-64). Then multiply your overall number by 100 then you should have your final answer.