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Clinical Symptoms of Knee OA

Knee Pain

Typically of gradual onset

Worse with prolonged activity

Worse with repetitive bending or stairs

Worse with inactivity

Worsening over time

Better with rest

Better with ice or anti-inflammatory medication

Knee stiffness

Knee swelling

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Locking/ clicking of the knee

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Joint line tenderness

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Pain through ROM

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Rapid swelling on the front of the kneecap

Tenderness and warmth to touch

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MOI: more common with twisting action over compressive force

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Instability of knee when walking

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Caused by:

Excessive pressure eg kneeling

Trauma eg falling hard on the knee repetively

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Pain and tenderness on the medial aspect of the knee

A potential popping sound at the time of injury

Swelling

instability

stiffness

Locking or catching sensation

Bruising

difficulty walking

inability to hold body weight

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Pain with activity

Bending knee/straightening knee

STS

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Immediate swelling

Click/crack/pop

Instability

Restricted movement (AROM)

Mechanism of injury - pivot/quick turn/fast movement, common sports injury

Immediate, severe pain

Joint line tenderness

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Sudden intense pain

Swelling

Inability to weight bear

Brushing around the site of injury and general knee

Decrease in ROM of knee

Pain around knee

Instability

Tenderness to touch the shin bone

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Dull, achy pain in patella region of the knee particularly when kneeling, walking, squatting, going up & down stairs and sitting for prolonged periods of time

common in adolescence

Overuse injury

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Reverse Lachman's

Posterior Drawer

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Tests / screens

McMurrays

MRI

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Anterior knee pain

Swelling below and around the knee cap.

Tenderness below the patella.

Pain during knee extension, bending the knee, squatting, running, climbing stairs and prolonged walking.

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Oedema around the knee

Patella shifted (out of place) - due to disruption of medial patella ligament

Tenderness / pain

Common in adolescents

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Subjective: patient reported pop or instability

Usually an acute event

MOI: internal rotation of the femur with fixed foot

Direct blow to the medial or lateral aspect of the knee

Pt presents with pain, instability and locking of the knee following trauma

Objective: immediate swelling

Can have obvious deviation can relocate itself

Tenderness and pain

Patella Alta: high sat patella

Special tests:

Patella apprehension test

Patella tracking assessment

Patella hypermobility

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Diagnosing

Hoffa's Test - isolates pain in fat pad

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Usually previous trauma to knee joint (ACL etc.)