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Yalta Conference drafts Post-War plan. (Feb. 1945)

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Yalta Conference drafts Post-War plan. (Feb. 1945)

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This conference brought together all Allied leaders. They wanted to divide Germany into 4 zones. They formed the United Nations to promote international peace and security. Stalin promised free elections in countries liberated by the Soviet Union, but this promise was later broken, leading to Soviet domination. Stalin also entered into war with Japan. The leaders of Poland's government agreed to democratic elections.

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Yalta Conference drafts Post-War plan. (Feb. 1945)

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These were bombings that led to the end of the conflict between Japan and the US. In Hiroshima, "the little boy" was dropped. This Bomb killed 140,000 people after everything and caused massive amounts of damage. In Nagasaki, "the fat man" was dropped. This was a smaller bomb, but it still caused massive amounts of damage and killed over 70,000 people. These bombs ended WWII, and there is still debate today whether they were ethical or not.

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Winston Churchill Iron Curtain Speech (March 5, 1946)

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Winston Churchill Iron Curtain Speech (March 5, 1946)

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This speech was given after WWII had ended, during a time of growing tensions between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union. Churchill famously declared that an "iron curtain" had descended across Europe, symbolizing the division between the Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe and the Western democracies. He emphasized the need for the United States and Britain to stand together against the spread of communism. Churchill warned of the dangers posed by the Soviet Union's expansionist policies and the threat they posed to global peace and security.

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Fulton, MO Winston Churchill Iron Curtain Speech (March 5, 1946)

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Truman Doctrine applied in Greek Civil War (March 12, 1947)

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Truman Doctrine applied in Greek Civil War (March 12, 1947)

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The goal of the US is to stop the spread of Communism without starting WWIII. So the US finds all the non-communists and allies with them and gives them money and weapons. So Truman offers Greece and Turkey military supplies. This is then used by every president after Truman and becomes known as the Truman Doctrine.

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The Marshall Plan is announced to rebuild Europe (June 1947)

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The Marshall Plan is announced to rebuild Europe (June 1947)

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After the war, Europe was completely destroyed, and this made communism very intriguing to Europeans. This is because Communism is where everyone gets equal pay and plan, and so it's easier to rebuild. This is why the Marshall Plan was put into place: it gave out free money to a lot of Europeans to help them rebuild. In return, they have to buy American products.

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The Marshall Plan is announced to rebuild Europe

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The Soviet Union blocked all ground routes into West Berlin, aiming to force the Western Allies to abandon the city. The Western Allies then organized the Berlin Airlift to supply West Berlin with food, fuel, and other essential goods. At its peak, planes were landing in Berlin every few minutes, delivering thousands of tons of supplies daily. The Soviets then lifted their blockade as they realized the airlift had worked so well. These events then led to the formation of NATO.

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The original members included the United States, Canada, and ten European countries: Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. The primary purpose of NATO was to provide collective defense against aggression. Article 5 of the treaty states that an armed attack against one member is considered an attack against all members. NATO aimed to protect democracy, NATO has also expanded significantly since the original formation.

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Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, Kazakhstan

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Russia tests its first atomic bomb (Aug 20, 1949)

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Russia tests its first atomic bomb (Aug 20, 1949)

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The Bomb was named RDS-1. This marked the Soviets' entry into the nuclear arms race and ultimately the Cold War. This altered the global landscape and induced a ton of chaos.

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soviets testing its first atomic bomb(Aug 20, 1949) 

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War and creates the People's Republic of China. (Oct. 1, 1949)

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War and creates the People's Republic of China. (Oct. 1, 1949)

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China is extremely powerful and the main power in East Asia. They are currently in a civil war. Moa wants a communist government, and another leader wants a democracy. 10's of millions of Chinese were killed by the Japanese until Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Moa wins the civil war, and a ton of communist people are in the world seemingly overnight. The US then panics, and the Red Scare is in full effect. Then, Taiwan is the only democratic part of China left, and the US still gives aid to Taiwan, but just never talks about it.

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War and creates the People's Republic of China. (Oct. 1, 1949)

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McCarthyism and the Red Scare take hold in the US (Feb. 1950)

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McCarthyism and the Red Scare take hold in the US (Feb. 1950)

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Joseph McCarthy would make tons of accusations of treason without any real evidence or reason, and this led to mass paranoia. Then the Red Scare was fueled by tensions of the Cold War, and the US was very nervous that everyone around them could be a soviet spy. Many people were black-listed and lost their jobs. This time influenced American films and literature, making a huge impact on the country.

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War Memorial of Korea, Itaewon-ro, Yongsan District, Seoul, South Korea

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The 38th parallel split Korea into 2, and the US took the south and the Soviets took the north. The US wanted to prevent the spread of communism and the spread of the Soviets Union. When the War got stale, the peace talks began, and the country is still split in 2 today.

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H-Bomb tested by USA on Bikini Atoll (March 1, 1954)

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H-Bomb tested by USA on Bikini Atoll (March 1, 1954)

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The US tested 23 nuclear devices on Bikini Atoll. One of the bombs that was tested was Castle Bravo, and it was 1000 times bigger than the bomb dropped on Nagasaki. The bomb made the surrounding area unlivable, and the people had to move to the surrounding areas.

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H-Bomb tested by USA on Bikini Atoll (March 1, 1954)

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The KGB was a secret Soviet Agency. Their primary functions include foreign intelligence, preventing sabotage from within the Soviet Union, Technical intelligence, ensuring the safety of Soviet leaders, and border security. It was dissolved when the Soviet Union collapsed.

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David Y Ling, MD, Lee Street, Charlottesville, Virginia

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CIA helps overthrow unfriendly governments in Iran and Guatemala (March 1954)

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CIA helps overthrow unfriendly governments in Iran and Guatemala (March 1954)

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The CIA orchestrated a coup to overthrow the Prime Minister, Mohammed Mosaddegh. They were trying to maintain the western oil interests, and they removed him from the Government. They also overthrew the president, Jacobo Arbenz. He threatened the interests of the United Fruit Company, a major American corporation. The CIA ended the Guatemalan revolution, and the US ruled for a long time.

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The Warsaw Pact was a military alliance formed on May 14, 1955, by the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern European countries to counter NATO. The members included the Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania (which left in 1968). The main purposes of the Warsaw Pact were mutual defense, political coordination, and allowing the Soviet Union to maintain control over its allies. The Warsaw Pact was dissolved on July 1, 1991, following the end of the Cold War and the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA

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The Transfermium Wars were a series of disputes between American and Soviet scientists over the discovery and naming of elements 104 to 106 on the periodic table, known as "transfermium" elements. The main players were American scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Soviet scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Both groups claimed to have discovered these elements first, leading to disagreements over who had the right to name them. The Transfermium Wars highlight the intense rivalry and national pride during the Cold War era, even extending into scientific discoveries.

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Rebellion put down in Hungary (Nov 1956)

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Rebellion put down in Hungary (Nov 1956)

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The Hungarian revolution was the uprising of the Hungarian people against the Soviet filled government. It began on October 23, 1956, when university students in Budapest organized a protest demanding political and economic reforms. Despite the revolution's suppression, it marked a significant moment in Hungarian history, leading to gradual political changes and increased autonomy from Soviet control.

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Rebellion put down in Hungary (Nov 1956)

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The Soviet Union launched its first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), the R-7 Semyorka, on August 21, 1957. Developed under the leadership of Sergei Korolev, this missile marked a significant milestone in the Cold War era. The R-7 was not only the first ICBM but also served as the launch vehicle for Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite, on October 4, 1957. This successful launch demonstrated the Soviet Union's advanced technological capabilities and significantly influenced global military and space exploration strategies.

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Sputnik Launched into Orbit (October 4, 1957)

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Sputnik Launched into Orbit (October 4, 1957)

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The launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, marked a pivotal moment in human history, heralding the dawn of the Space Age. Sputnik 1 was a metallic sphere about the size of a beach ball, weighing 184 pounds, and it orbited the Earth every 90 minutes. The satellite transmitted a "beep-beep" signal that could be monitored by radio operators worldwide.Sputnik's success demonstrated the Soviet Union's advanced technological capabilities and significantly influenced global politics, leading to the rapid development of space programs in both the USSR and the USA

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Sputnik Launched into Orbit (October 4, 1957)

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Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba (Jan 1959)

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Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba (Jan 1959)

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Fidel Castro took power in Cuba on January 1, 1959, following the successful overthrow of the dictator Fulgencio Batista. Castro led the Cuban Revolution, which began in 1953 and culminated in Batista's departure from Cuba. After the revolution, Castro assumed military and political control, becoming the Prime Minister of Cuba on February 16, 1959. Under his leadership, Cuba transformed into the first communist state in the Western Hemisphere.

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Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba (Jan 1959)

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U2 spy plane shot down over the USSR (May 1960)

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U2 spy plane shot down over the USSR (May 1960)

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The planes fly so high that they are barely able to be seen, but the soviets were able to shoot them down, and the US lies about it. The pilot is arrested, and the US is embarrassed.

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U2 spy plane shot down over the USSR (May 1960)

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The CIA organized some volunteer Cubans and trained them. They send them into Cuba and act like they weren't a part of it, and the Cubans die very quickly, and it's a failure. After this, the Soviets put nukes in Cuba.

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Construction of the Berlin wall begins (Aug 17, 1961)

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Construction of the Berlin wall begins (Aug 17, 1961)

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The construction of the Berlin Wall began on August 13, 1961, by the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) to prevent its citizens from fleeing to West Berlin. The wall was a physical and ideological barrier that divided East and West Berlin during the Cold War. It included a "death strip"—a no-man's land monitored by guards with orders to shoot anyone attempting to escape. The wall effectively stopped the mass defections from East to West, which had been a significant issue for the East German government.

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Construction of the Berlin wall begins (Aug 17, 1961)

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The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in October 1962 and was a tense 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. The crisis began when American reconnaissance planes discovered the missile sites under construction. President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and imposed a naval blockade around Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipments. The crisis is considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified (July 1963)

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified (July 1963)

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The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is an international agreement that bans all nuclear explosions for both military and civilian purposes. The ratification process involves countries first signing the treaty, indicating their intention to comply, followed by formal approval by the country's legislative and executive branches. The CTBT aims to prevent nuclear proliferation and promote disarmament by banning nuclear tests, which are crucial steps towards a safer and more secure world.

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified (July 1963)

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution(August 1964)

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution(August 1964)

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This involved confrontations between U.S. naval forces and North Vietnamese patrol boats. The USS Maddox was allegedly attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats while conducting reconnaissance in the Gulf of Tonkin. The resolution granted Johnson the authority to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against U.S. forces and prevent further aggression, significantly escalating U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution(August 1964)

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US Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism(April 1965)

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US Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism(April 1965)

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In April 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson sent over 22,000 U.S. troops, including Marines, to the Dominican Republic amid a civil war. The intervention aimed to stabilize the country, protect American interests, and prevent the establishment of a communist regime similar to Cuba's. This action led to protests in Latin America and skepticism within the United States.

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US Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism(April 1965)

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US announcement to dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam(July 1965)

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US announcement to dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam(July 1965)

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In July 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson announced the deployment of 200,000 additional U.S. troops to Vietnam, marking a significant escalation in the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. The situation on the ground was becoming increasingly challenging for South Vietnamese and U.S. forces, and the U.S. government believed that increasing troop numbers was necessary to prevent the fall of South Vietnam to communism. This deployment shifted the U.S. role from a limited advisory position to a more direct combat role, leading to more intense operations. Some Americans didn't agree with this decision and questioned why America would get so involved, while some supported the fight against communism.

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US announcement to dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam(July 1965)

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B-52s Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder(1966)

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B-52s Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder(1966)

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B-52 bombers played a crucial role in this operation, targeting key infrastructure and military sites in North Vietnam. The primary objectives were to weaken North Vietnam's ability to support the Viet Cong insurgency in South Vietnam, disrupt transportation and supply routes, and diminish the morale of the North Vietnamese forces. The extensive use of B-52 bombers in Operation Rolling Thunder remains a notable aspect of the Vietnam War, highlighting the intense air warfare and the complexities of achieving military objectives through aerial bombardment.

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B-52s Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder(1966)

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The Red Army crushed the Czechoslovakian revolt(Aug 1968)

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The Red Army crushed the Czechoslovakian revolt(Aug 1968)

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On the night of August 20, 1968, approximately 250,000 Warsaw Pact troops, supported by thousands of tanks and aircraft, invaded Czechoslovakia. The invasion quickly crushed the reform movement, leading to the deaths of 137 Czechoslovak civilians and soldiers, and injuring hundreds more. The Soviet-led forces established a permanent presence in Czechoslovakia to ensure that no further liberalization efforts could take place. This event just reinforced the Soviet Union's control over Eastern Europe and demonstrating the lengths to which it would go to maintain its influence.

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Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, Space Commerce Way, Merritt Island, FL

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Apollo 11 lands on the moon(July 20, 1969)

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Apollo 11 lands on the moon(July 20, 1969)

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This was the first manned mission to land on the moon. The US launched Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin into space and onto the moon. The Apollo 11 mission was a monumental achievement in human history, demonstrating the potential of space exploration and marking a significant milestone in the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union.

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Apollo 11 lands on the moon(July 20, 1969)

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers(1971)

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers(1971)

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Commissioned by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in 1967, the report aimed to provide a comprehensive history of the Vietnam War. In June 1971, Daniel Ellsberg, a former military analyst, leaked portions of the report to The New York Times, which began publishing excerpts. The publication of the Pentagon Papers sparked a national controversy, leading to legal battles over press freedom and government transparency.

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers(1971)

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President Richard Nixon visited China from February 21 to 28, 1972. This was the first time a U.S. president went to China, ending 25 years of no official contact. Nixon's visit aimed to improve relations with China and gain an advantage over the Soviet Union. He met with Chinese leaders like Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. The visit was significant because it helped open up China to the world and led to better U.S.-China relations, which were fully established in 1979.

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The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) agreements were signed in 1972 between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to limit nuclear weapons. The agreements included the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, which restricted missile defense systems, and the Interim Agreement, which limited the number of certain types of missiles each country could have. President Richard Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev signed these agreements on May 26, 1972, in Moscow. These agreements were important steps towards reducing the risk of nuclear war.

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US supported coup overthrows Chilean Government(Sept. 1973)

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US supported coup overthrows Chilean Government(Sept. 1973)

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The coup overthrew the Chilean government on September 11, 1973, led by the Chilean military and General Augusto Pinochet. The US had been actively working to destabilize Allende's government, providing financial and logistical support to opposition groups and the military. Following the coup, Pinochet established a military dictatorship that lasted until 1990, marked by severe human rights abuses, including torture, forced disappearances, and executions.

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US supported coup overthrows Chilean Government(Sept. 1973)

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt requests Soviet aid(Oct. 1773)

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt requests Soviet aid(Oct. 1773)

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Egypt and Syria launched a coordinated surprise attack on Israel during the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur. The initial assaults were successful, catching Israel off guard and leading to significant territorial gains for the Arab forces. As the war progressed, Israel mobilized its reserves and began to push back the attacking forces. Facing the possibility of defeat, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat requested military aid from the Soviet Union. The conflict eventually drew in the superpowers, with the United States supporting Israel and the Soviet Union backing Egypt and Syria. The war had significant geopolitical consequences, leading to shifts in alliances and setting the stage for future peace negotiations in the region.

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S. Vietnam falls to Communist N. Vietnam(April 17, 1975)

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S. Vietnam falls to Communist N. Vietnam(April 17, 1975)

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The North Vietnamese army captured the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon. This led to the unconditional surrender by the South. The event also led to a massive evacuation of American personnel and at-risk South Vietnamese civilians, known as Operation Frequent Wind.

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S. Vietnam falls to Communist N. Vietnam(April 17, 1975)

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Soviet and Cuban forces helped to install a Communist government in Angola(Feb 1976)

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Soviet and Cuban forces helped to install a Communist government in Angola(Feb 1976)

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In February 1976, Soviet and Cuban forces played a crucial role in establishing a communist government in Angola. Following Angola's independence from Portugal in 1975, the country was plunged into a civil war. The combined efforts of Soviet and Cuban forces were pivotal in securing key victories. The successful installation of a communist government in Angola had significant implications for the region, influencing the dynamics of the Cold War in Africa.

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Soviet and Cuban forces help to install Communist government in Angola(Feb. 1976)

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US and China officially establish diplomatic relations and trade and Panda Diplomacy(Jan 1979)

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US and China officially establish diplomatic relations and trade and Panda Diplomacy(Jan 1979)

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In January 1979, the United States and China officially established diplomatic relations, marking a significant milestone in international relations. The United States recognized the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government of China and agreed to withdraw diplomatic recognition from Taiwan. China sent giant pandas to other countries as a gesture of goodwill and to strengthen diplomatic ties. The pandas became symbols of friendship and cooperation between China and the recipient countries.

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US and China officially establish diplomatic relations and trade and Panda Diplomacy(Jan 1979)

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In September 1973, the Chilean military, supported by the US, overthrew President Salvador Allende, leading to General Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship. In October 1973, Egypt and Syria attacked Israel during the Yom Kippur War, which ended with a UN ceasefire without a clear victor. On April 30, 1975, North Vietnamese forces captured Saigon, ending the Vietnam War and unifying Vietnam under communist control. In February 1976, Soviet and Cuban forces helped establish a communist government in Angola during the civil war. In January 1979, the US and China established diplomatic relations, beginning Panda Diplomacy. Finally, in February 1979, China invaded northern Vietnam in the Sino-Vietnamese War, which ended in March with significant casualties but no major territorial changes.

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Shan of Iran overthrown; Iran hostage crisis begins(Nov 1979)

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Shan of Iran overthrown; Iran hostage crisis begins(Nov 1979)

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In February 1979, the Iranian Revolution culminated in the overthrow of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and the establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Later that year, on November 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking more than 60 American hostages. This event, known as the Iran Hostage Crisis, was a dramatic response to the U.S. allowing the deposed Shah to enter the country for cancer treatment. The hostages were held for 444 days, until their release on January 20, 1981.

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Shan of Iran overthrown; Iran hostage crisis begins(Nov 1979)

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Soviet forces invade Afganistan(Dec 1979)

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Soviet forces invade Afganistan(Dec 1979)

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The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to support the struggling communist government against anti-communist Muslim guerrillas, known as the mujahideen. This intervention aimed to prop up the new Afghan government led by Babrak Karmal, but it faced fierce resistance from the mujahideen, who were backed by the United States. The conflict escalated into a prolonged and costly war for the Soviets, lasting until their withdrawal in February 1989.

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US Hockey defeats USSR at winter olympics in Lake Placid, NY(Feb 22, 1980)

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US Hockey defeats USSR at winter olympics in Lake Placid, NY(Feb 22, 1980)

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This match, famously known as the "Miracle on Ice," saw the young American team, composed mostly of amateur players, defeat the Soviet team 4-3. The victory was a major upset, as the Soviet team had dominated international ice hockey for years. The win boosted American morale and is considered one of the greatest sports moments of the 20th century.

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US Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow(June-Aug 1980)

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US Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow(June-Aug 1980)

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In 1980, the United States led a boycott of the Summer Olympics in Moscow to protest the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979. President Jimmy Carter announced the boycott, and approximately 65 nations joined the US in refusing to participate. The boycott significantly impacted the Games, with only about 80 countries sending athletes to compete.

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US Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow(June-Aug 1980)

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White House, Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC

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Reagan proposes SDI or "Star Wars"(1983)

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Reagan proposes SDI or "Star Wars"(1983)

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This plan aimed to develop a missile defense system to protect the United States from nuclear attacks by intercepting enemy missiles in space. The SDI envisioned using advanced technologies, including space-based lasers and missile systems, to detect and destroy incoming threats. While the program sparked significant debate over its feasibility and implications, it marked a pivotal moment in Cold War defense strategy.

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Reagan proposes SDI or "Star Wars"(1983)

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Point Salines Hotel, Saint George's, Grenada

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US troops invade and overthrow the regime in Greneda(Oct 1983)

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US troops invade and overthrow the regime in Greneda(Oct 1983)

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Concerns over the safety of American citizens in Grenada and the rise of a Marxist regime following a coup prompted the invasion. The operation involved U.S. troops landing on the island and quickly overthrowing the government, restoring a more favorable political situation.

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Eastern Bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics(July-August 1984)

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Eastern Bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics(July-August 1984)

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Led by the Soviet Union, fifteen Eastern Bloc countries boycotted the Games, citing security concerns and alleged anti-Soviet sentiment. Despite the absence of these countries, the 1984 Olympics still saw participation from 140 nations, which was a record at the time. The boycotting countries organized their own event, called the Friendship Games, during the same period.

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Gorbachev begins "glasnost" and "perestroika" in efforts to reform the USSR(1985)

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Gorbachev begins "glasnost" and "perestroika" in efforts to reform the USSR(1985)

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In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev introduced two major reform policies in the Soviet Union: glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring). Glasnost aimed to promote greater transparency and freedom of information within government institutions, allowing for more open discussion of political, social, and economic issues, and reducing censorship. Perestroika focused on restructuring the Soviet economy and political system by introducing elements of market economics, reducing central control, and encouraging private enterprise.

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Gorbachev begins "glasnost" and "perestroika" in efforts to reform the USSR(1985)

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Soviet troops withdraw from Afganistan(Jan 1989)

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Soviet troops withdraw from Afganistan(Jan 1989)

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The soviets sent millions of people and dollars to fight in Afghanistan, then they ended up losing and leaving in defeat. The rebels used stingers to shoot down the soviet planes, The US provided these. This was a large war fought with guerrilla warfare, with many soviet deaths.

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Soviet troops withdraw from Afganistan(Jan 1989)

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania oust Communist governments(1989)

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania oust Communist governments(1989)

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These countries have all secretly been controlled by the Soviet Union, and they all have movements to topple the communist governments and become democracies. All the borders of these countries were opened as they had been restricted for so long. This sparked the destruction of the Iron Curtain.

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania oust Communist governments(1989)

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Tiananmen Square, 王府井 Dongcheng, Beijing, China

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Thousands of college students come together to protest for democratic reforms. Like freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and more say the government. The Chinese government comes in and ends the protest with tanks.

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Berlin Wall, Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, Germany

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The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, was a monumental event that signaled the end of the Cold War and the division between East and West Germany. Günter Schabowski mistakenly announced that travel restrictions would be lifted immediately, although the new policy was intended to start the next day. This announcement led to a surge of East Berliners heading to the border crossings, overwhelming the guards, who eventually opened the gates. The fall of the Berlin Wall was not just a local event but a symbol of the broader collapse of communist regimes across Central and Eastern Europe.

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Boris Yeltsin elected as President of Russia(May 1990)

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Boris Yeltsin elected as President of Russia(May 1990)

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This marked the beginning of a major shift in Russian politics, as Yeltsin was a vocal critic of the Soviet system and advocated for democratic reforms and economic restructuring. His election signaled a move away from the centralized control of the Communist Party and towards greater political pluralism and market-oriented economic policies. This shift had profound effects on global politics, leading to the end of the Cold War and the emergence of new political and economic dynamics in Eastern Europe and beyond.

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Boris Yeltsin elected as President of Russia(May 1990)

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The reunification of Germany in 1990 had profound global implications. It marked the end of the Cold War era and the division between East and West Germany, symbolized by the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989. It paved the way for greater European integration, contributing to the expansion of the European Union and strengthening its political and economic cohesion. Overall, the reunification of Germany reshaped the geopolitical landscape, fostering a more unified and cooperative Europe and contributing to the broader process of globalization.

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USSR dissolved - 15 Republics gain independence, including Russia

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USSR dissolved - 15 Republics gain independence, including Russia

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The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 was one of the most significant geopolitical events of the 20th century, marking the end of the Cold War and the collapse of a superpower that had dominated global politics for nearly seven decades. This event led to the emergence of 15 independent republics, including Russia, Ukraine, and the Baltic states, fundamentally reshaping the political landscape of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Globally, it shifted the balance of power, leaving the United States as the sole superpower and prompting a redefinition of international alliances, security structures, and economic systems.

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USSR dissolved - 15 Republics gain independence, including Russia

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During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in intense rivalry, mistrust, and hostility through indirect means, avoiding direct military confrontation but waging a global struggle for influence. Three key aspects of this conflict are ideological competition, proxy wars, and espionage, which highlight how both superpowers pursued their agendas through methods short of actual military action.