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Hello everyone, I enjoy taking this class and every chapter had something new to learn, but this was my first time to learn about this term because I was not sure there can be such thing like that so I got really interested in this term. The term I chose is “The Right to Refuse Life-Sustaining Treatment” from chapter 15. This treatment is really necessary and essential in all healthcare departments and ethics because this shows the client's autonomy. This is a way of making decisions with legal and significant rights when clients make choices about their treatment and body. In this case, patients have the choice that they can stop medical interference which can extend the passing or dying procedure. If we look at it through ethical terms, this can look like this choice has to be informed, and voluntary as well as honored through contributors and providers. As we know, for most of them this option is more like ethics or character, for example, some are determining, like when and how they are going to die peacefully. It dares people to balance therapeutic alternatives with appreciation and respect for individual values as well as the essential proceeding of dying.

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Hi everyone, today I want to talk about the term Informed Consent. The definition of informed consent is as follows: Informed consent is the legal and ethical process of providing a patient with information about a medical procedure or treatment, ensuring they understand the risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to it voluntarily.

Informed consent is mandatory both legally and morally in the healthcare profession. It defends the rights of patients by ensuring that they have complete information regarding every aspect of a procedure prior to agreeing for one. This covers the explanation of associated risks, potential side effects, expected results, and other alternative procedures that could be done. Patients are entitled to inquire and even decline treatment. Informed consent is crucial especially when it comes to surgeries, clinical trials, and new drugs. Legally, healthcare providers would be in deep trouble without it. It ensures patient autonomy is respected and assists in fostering trust in the provider-patient relationship.

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Today I want to talk about medical malpractice. Medical malpractice is a form of professional negligence and occurs when doctors, nurses, and healthcare professionals fail to provide necessary treatment and care to a patient, resulting in various injuries or even death of the patient. Medical malpractice can include things such as: misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, medication errors, birth injuries, anesthesia errors, surgical errors, emergency room errors, etc.

I would like to explain the reason why I chose this term out of all the terms in this book with an example. Someone very close to me was born with a congenital hip dislocation and instead of setting and treating her dislocated hip, her doctor performed the wrong surgery on her, which resulted in the destruction of the femoral head. The person I'm talking about has suffered from chronic pelvic pain all her life because of that doctor's mistake. Unfortunately, the chronic pain and this physical defect challenged her life and created many limitations in her movement and work. Apart from the physical problems, chronic pain also had a major impact on her mental health, and she has experienced severe depression several times throughout her life. Her doctor accepted no responsibility for the mistake he had made and because in that time her doctor was outside the country where she lived, she had no access to her doctor and therefore could not sue him through the law.

Here I want to emphasize how much medical malpractice can be problematic in people's lives. People seek health care to reduce or cure their pain, not to add pain and problems to their lives. In my opinion, having an awakened conscience and acting in accordance with health principles, laws, and ethics is one of the most basic and important things that medical professionals and officials must do.

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Inattentional blindness, also known as perceptual blindness, happens in healthcare when doctors or nurses don’t notice something important because they’re focused on something else. This can be a big ethical problem because missing key signs can hurt patients or lead to wrong treatment. Healthcare providers have a duty of beneficence (to do good) and nonmaleficence (to do no harm). Inattentional blindness challenges these principles by unintentionally increasing risks to patients. Recognizing this limitation encourages systems that support vigilance, such as checklists, teamwork, and better communication. Addressing inattentional blindness helps ensure ethical, patient-centered care by minimizing preventable errors and respecting patient safety

Example: a nurse might be giving meds but miss a sudden drop in a patient’s heartbeat, or a doctor might focus so much on one diagnosis that they overlook another urgent issue.

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I have decided that non-malfeasance best represents our Healthcare Law and Ethics. Chapter 2 of our textbook tells us that this value enforces the importance of first and foremost, do no harm. I found it interesting that the text described the balance of non-malfeasance and beneficence as the negative ethical obligation and the positive ethical obligation.

In my perspective, although non-malfeasance tells us what we should be avoiding when approaching healthcare, it also serves as guidance and the groundwork for healthcare and its laws. If we ignored the negative outcomes, wrongs in our system, or areas for improvements then the law, its ethics, and principles of our society and its sub sectors (like healthcare) wouldn’t be necessary or created initially.

Chapter 14 discusses end-of-life care which did allow me to expand on the importance of non-malfeasance. For example, an individual who is in their end-of-life stage that has a specific plan to carry out their version of a dignified death. If that included a do not resuscitate order, a healthcare professional like a nurse would have to honor that patient’s wishes. If that nurse violated their human dignity and resuscitated them back to life because they thought they were accomplishing the best outcome (beneficence) this would be more ethically concerning, ignoring non-malfeasance and not focusing on the patient.

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Autonomy – Principle:
The ethical principle of autonomy refers to a patient's right to make their own informed decisions regarding their healthcare. It is the duty of healthcare providers to respect these decisions, even if they differ from the provider’s recommendations. Autonomy is rooted in the idea that each person has the freedom and capacity to determine what is best for their own life and body. This principle also supports informed consent, meaning patients must be given all relevant information before agreeing to or refusing treatment.

Example:
If a competent adult patient refuses chemotherapy for personal reasons, even though the doctor believes it could help, the provider must respect that decision. This demonstrates autonomy by honoring the patient’s values, choices, and control over their body.

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In this group assignment/discussion - this is an extra credit

you will reserach a term, or definition and post with an example in 100 words or more - See my example :

There are 4 main ethical principles: I have chosen to discuss

Beneficence - Principal: The principle of beneficence is the obligation of physician to act for the benefit of the patient and supports a number of moral rules to protect and defend the right of others, prevent harm, remove conditions that will cause harm, help persons with disabilities, and rescue persons in danger. This action demonstrates the prinicple of beneficence by actively woking to benefit the patient health and quality of life -

Example: It is a healthcare providers responsibility to encourage a smoker to quit smoking, or in simple an act of doing good to others which is a moral obligation -

You can comment in 250 words or post your own by creating your own by going to the + sign