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1837: Queen Victoria ascends to the throne

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1837: Queen Victoria ascends to the throne

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On June 20, 1837, Princess Alexandrina Victoria becomes Queen Victoria at the age of 18, marking the beginning of the Victorian era. Her reign would last for 63 years and 7 months, becoming the longest-reigning British monarch until Queen Elizabeth II surpassed her in 2015.

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1840: Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert

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1840: Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert

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Queen Victoria marries her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, on February 10, 1840. Their marriage would become a symbol of family values and domestic bliss, setting an example for the nation.

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1844: Factory Act improves working conditions

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1844: Factory Act improves working conditions

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The Factory Act of 1844 is passed, reducing working hours for women and children in textile mills. This act is a significant step towards improving working conditions and rights for laborers during the Industrial Revolution.

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1851: The Great Exhibition opens in London

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1851: The Great Exhibition opens in London

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The Great Exhibition, housed in the Crystal Palace, opens in Hyde Park, London. This world's fair showcases the latest innovations in technology and culture from around the world, symbolizing Britain's industrial and imperial power.

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Britain, along with France and the Ottoman Empire, fights against Russia in the Crimean War. This conflict brings attention to military and medical reforms, particularly through the work of Florence Nightingale in improving battlefield medical care.

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1859: Charles Darwin publishes 'On the Origin of Species'

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1859: Charles Darwin publishes 'On the Origin of Species'

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Charles Darwin's groundbreaking work 'On the Origin of Species' is published, introducing the theory of evolution by natural selection. This scientific theory challenges traditional beliefs and sparks debates that continue to this day.

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Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's beloved husband, dies of typhoid fever at the age of 42. His death plunges the Queen into a deep mourning that would last for the rest of her life, significantly impacting the tone of the later Victorian period.

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1867: Second Reform Act expands voting rights

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1867: Second Reform Act expands voting rights

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The Second Reform Act is passed, extending the right to vote to many working-class men. This act doubles the size of the electorate, marking a significant step towards broader democratic representation in Britain.

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1870: Elementary Education Act introduces compulsory education

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1870: Elementary Education Act introduces compulsory education

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The Elementary Education Act of 1870 establishes a system of school boards to provide elementary education for all children aged 5-13 in England and Wales. This act lays the foundation for universal education in Britain.

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1876: Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India

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1876: Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India

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Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India, formalizing the British Crown's rule over the Indian subcontinent. This title reinforces Britain's status as a global imperial power during the Victorian age.

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The Education Act of 1891 makes elementary education free for all children, removing financial barriers to education and furthering the goal of universal literacy in Britain.

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1901: Death of Queen Victoria and end of the Victorian era

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1901: Death of Queen Victoria and end of the Victorian era

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Queen Victoria dies on January 22, 1901, at the age of 81, bringing an end to the Victorian era. Her death marks the conclusion of a transformative period in British history, characterized by industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change.