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In Maria Elena Cepeda's introduction to Musical ImagiNation, Cepeda emphasizes the vital role popular music has not only in the United States, but also in Latin America. She writes how the "the music and the transnational public personas of each of these prominent artists highlight a sizable shift in the communal meanings attached to Colombian identity." She argues that music is not only part of a community's culture, but is pivotal in communicating problematic stereotypes in the Colombian community. - Esther

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This song by Victoria Santa Cruz emphasizes the trauma and suffering that came with hearing the word "negra" since such a young age. She brings awareness to this harmful word and shares this through her childhood trauma. This song is more than just "entertainment." It communicates a very problematic issue. - Esther

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In the introduction of the passage, writer, Armando Suarez introduces the recording of Villas performance and it is described as having evoked feelings of pleasurable memories from back in Cuba. By listening closely, one is able to gain a deeper understanding of the cultural context of the music.- savanna

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"Coloniality" refers to the set of attitudes, mind sets, and values that resulted from colonialism.

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Maria Lugones talks about coloniality of genders and argues that the first step towards "decolonial feminism is to learn about each other as resisters." She also argues that coloniality spans much more than just of gender; "coloniality infiltrates every aspect of living through the circulation of power at the levels of the body, labor, law, imposition of tribute, and the introduction of property and land dispossession." - Esther

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Maria Flores is a song talking about what truly happened to Maria Flores. This song reclaims feminism and is setting the record straight. It defined the murder to be what it truly was, a femicide. While the whole world was dismissing this, La Morena de Chicamocha used music to share Maria Flores' experience, her death, to bring attention to the injustice and the femicide. - Esther

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The commercial depicts systemic racism through not only the music but through the visual appearance of the characters as well.- savanna

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Cepeda mentioned in Chapter 6 of Musical ImagiNation that Colombian music video can reflect broader themes of cultural hybridity and identity formation. It sometimes reinforces traditional representations while also challenges the Colombian identities. It intersects with the American culture. - Zhenhao

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Mais Viva!, by Dora Silva Santana, points out that the “refusal to accept the imposed gendered and racialized ways of living” is the only way to change. A lot of music challenges stereotypes and addresses these issues. - Esther

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Refers to the shared cultural, social, and political identities of Latin American people and their descendants

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Shakira's music video shows the middle eastern culture. Combines Latin and Middle Eastern culture to challenge identities and gender. -sav

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In Madrid Secreto de Voces, Juan Gabriel challenges the traditional notions of gender and sexuality in Mexico with his flamboyant mannerisms. -sav

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Juan Gabriel set the stone for queer tolerance in Mexico. The term ( more of a slur) "joto" or "joteria" arose. -sav

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This writing is all about the visual stereotyping that African Americans face based on their skin color, hair, and appearance. Visual stereotyping is especially problematic as it is done without any interaction or premises, and can be extremely harmful to up and coming youth; enforcing the idea that looking different is a problem. The example this song demonstrates sys "And I hated my hair and my fleshy lips And I saw with sadness my brunette skin" - sae

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She challenges the role as a woman in her music through the mentions of the cartel, drinking, and actions that would normally be preformed by a man.

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As Muñoz explains, “disidentification is about the management of an identity that has been “spoiled” in the majoritarian public sphere,” where artists take their identity that society deems as unusual or stereotypical and reimagine it in a way to steer their identity in a more positive light. - Esther

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Lugones claims that in order to reimagine the feminist movement, we have to learn about and understand each other's experiences as women in this colonial world. Recognizing the injustice will help create a more inclusive and effective feminist movement. - Esther

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In Madrid Secreto de Voces the author writes that Juan Gabriels music creaed a fandom "Juanga or with the phenomenon
of Juangamania that he generated. Thus, calling him to mind has been a retro
adventure in which his music became a bewitching soundtrack triggering many
memories of special friends, places, and moments" (secreto a voces 91)

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Performance studies is an academic field that examines the role of performance in society and culture.

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Despite a homophobic context, Gabriel's unapologetic queerness was able to captivate the audience in his performance, causing them to “embrace the performance by singing and swaying along with the singer and fully indulging in the extreme collective excess of the moment.” - Esther

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Neoliberalism in the US often confines Latina identity to narrow roles, such as family caretaker or respectable citizen. Jenni Rivera breaks away from this stereotype, as shown in her “Las Malandrinas” video where she portrays rebellious and powerful women, showing Latina identity in a multi-dimensional way. - Esther

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"the possibility of overcoming the coloniality of gender" - emphasizes gender roles throughout history and how the history of gender has led us to where we are now; gender based jobs, stereotypes of genders, etc - sae

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this passage seeks to argue against the misinformation that some authors, in this case Jack Smith, create media with, instilling false and often harmful racist tendencies that are frequently carried into common belief. it makes you wonder how the fictional media youve consumed, or even the factual but unreputable media has shaped your views, and how much false information is consumed by the common people every day

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the use of more than lyrics to express ones passion or opinions is prevalent in this piece, as musical crescendos and changes to instrumentation, vocals, pitch, and pace articulate Gabriels feelings, despite not necessarily understanding all of what hes saying - sae

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Esther Chung

Sae Ackerstein

Savanna Goldstein

Zhenhao Feng

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the use of bodily movements to express emotions or passions rather than solely through lyrics or sound. emphasizes importance of performance in musical expression, and depicts music as more than what you hear. -sae

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mambo time uses gestures such as "the pursing of crimson lips, the jutting of a hip flirting forward", etc to showcase the artists version of femininity in ways that differ from other sources, but are similar in the passion and strong will. - sae

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The usage of different kinks in Tokischas performances allows for a powerful change for women within this industry. Woman are becoming more dominant. -sav

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sex is a taboo subject in many countries for example in Rivera-serva's reading. They dont want reggaeton in fear it will cause women to dance inappropriately. -sav

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sassy and dominant not the usual soft feminine woman -sav

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Yo perreo sola he is dressed as a woman -sav

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her prefromance of drinking out of a dog bowl caused alot of controvery because it was seen as provocative her music video with Jbalvin aswell. -sav

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Speaking on how she came up with her song was a shocking change becasue she was discussing her sex experience. Liberating