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1. Look through the resources allocated to your group before typing your responses:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MD_z3QBvzM8Gmq5zG_9ys7hovFU_Zgwu-Ep_bwGxoA4/edit?usp=sharing

2. Type your response with reference to the sample below.

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Evaluate the effectiveness of environmental features in buildings in promoting sustainability in housing estates.

Describe

Incorporating environmentally friendly technologies into the construction of homes to promote environmental sustainability

Example

HDB Green Towns Programme plans to use greener technologies to reduce energy consumption in HDB towns by 15% from 2020’s levels by 2030. This is achieved through water-efficient fittings to minimise water consumption.

Strength

Environmentally friendly neighbourhoods cut down the use of natural resources

Limitation

For residents who do not understand their benefit, public perception may be that it is inconvenient. E.g. Recycling bins – some may perceive it as troublesome to sort their trash hence there is a need to educate people.

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Group 1 - Singapore; Group 2 - Australia

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Group 1 - Singapore; Group 2 - Australia

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Group 5 - Singapore; Group 6 - United Kingdom

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Group 5 - Singapore; Group 6 - United Kingdom

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Group 9 - Singapore; Group 10 - United Kingdom

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Group 9 - Singapore; Group 10 - United Kingdom

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D: Green Man Plus, a type of barrier-free crossing, is a initiative that caters to the needs of the elderly and people with physical disabilities.

E: The user would have to tap their green man plus card or their concession card onto the device in order to allocate a longer green man time for the elderly and the PWD to cross the road.

S: Strengths of Green Man + include giving the seniors and disabled more time to cross roads, preventing possible road accidents in areas that the elderly or PWD frequent to.

L: However, not many people do not carry their cards with them when taking public transport. Not only that, the caregivers or the PWD are not given access to Green Man Plus. Hence, they would not be able to use the card for as an elderly or a PWD. Another limitations is that this might also be costly to implement.

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d: barrier free act law which promotes easier movement for the elderly and the understanding of the elderly
e: japan are standardizing measures for developing barrier free environments at PT hubs such as train stations, airports, and passenger ship
s: it can promote greater awareness and understanding of the elderly, and can also encourage broader interaction with others in society . moreover, it brings convenience for the elderly
l: it is costly to install these barrier free initiatives at all public transports

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Desc: Road safety campaigns are held to protect the pedestrians and drivers and to prevent accidents from happening.

Example: Such examples are from the Singapore Road Safety Council, who try to raise awareness by putting up posters along the roads and nearby traffic lights where people can read them to understand more about road safety. There are also people who can upload videos to educate others about road safety.

Strength: This may allow road users such as pedestrians and drivers to understand how important road safety is and carry out what is in the poster and videos, which may result in safer roads.

Limitation: However, by putting up posters, not all people will stop by to read it and may continue their dangerous acts such as j-walking, dashing across roads and speeding, which may still result in accidents that happen and the effort used to put up the posters will go to waste.

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Desc: Incorporating age-friendly transport facilities to enhance road safety for senior pedestrians.

Example: For example, in Singapore, the Silver Zone Scheme involves implementing a series of traffic-calming measures and senior-friendly road safety features at areas with a high proportion of senior residents, and where there have been past accidents involving seniors. Another example, is the implementation of green man plus. Green man plus is an added feature that can be found on the buttons at selected traffic lights. Green man plus is a system add-on that can be activated by tapping the concession card of an eligible person near a sensor. If activated, a red light would be seen, indicating the activation of the system. The system would then proceed to increase the time given for the person to cross the traffic light.

S: one strength is that features like chicanes a y- junctions, green man plus and silver zones helps slow down vehicles and be more aware of elderlies that are crossing the road

L: However, one limitation is that drivers who are rushing might be annoyed as it takes them a longer time to reach their destination. Another limitation is that it uses a lot of money, time and materials.

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DESCRIBE:
As cities continue to grow and attract people, laws and policies on transport help to ensure road safety.

EXAMPLE:
An example is the Towards Zero campaign in Australia, which highlights the human element of the road toll to help drive down, crashes and fatalities.

STRENGTH:
The road safety campaign raises awareness and educate all road users on practicing good road safety habits.

LIMITATION:
It requires a lot of money to carry out the campaign. $250,000 were used for in-ground traffic light technology and $5 million over three years for up to 200 vehicle-activated signs to warn drivers when they are speeding or approaching hazards such as curves.

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Incorporating age friendly transport facilities involves catering to the needs of the elderly due to their reduced mobility via various methods. An example of one such method is the implementation of green man plus. Green man plus is an added feature that can be found on the buttons at selected traffic lights. Green man plus is a system add-on that can be activated by tapping the concession card of an eligible person near a sensor. If activated, a red light would be seen, indicating the activation of the system. The system would then proceed to increase the time given for the person to cross the traffic light. The strengths of these facilities include its ability to cater to the needs of  people with disabilities as well as old people. The weaknesses of these facilities is that it would not work should the sensor fail and that it would slightly increase waiting time for drivers.

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Describe:
COE Prices are put in place to control the amount on traffic in Singapore

Example:
Anyone who wishes to register for a new vehicle in Singapore must first obtain a Certificate of Entitlement (COE). A COE represents a right to vehicle ownership and use of the limited road space for 10 years.
The frequency table in one of the websites shows the prices of COE drastically increasing due to an increasing population.

Strength:
With COE prices put in place, there will be lesser traffic congestion in Singapore as owning a vehicle requires a price and people will prefer using public transport.

Limitations:
Even though COE prices are put in place, and it has been drastically increasing over the years, people still buy these COE licenses even though they are expensive.

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Describe
Lower the amount of traffic congestions, improve bus services and other public transport. Registered disabled people can travel for free while congestion zone residents pay a ten percent fee to enter the zone during those times. The charge was introduced in 1993 to reduce heavy traffic, encourage people to use public transport and improve air quality in the centre of the capital.

Example
If people enter the congestion zone between 7am and 6pm on a weekday, they pay a flat daily fee for entering the 13 mile square congestion charging zone. This fee has increased over time.

Strengths
This has been successful at deterring personal use cars from entering the central London and decreased amount of private cars entering the zone by 39%.

Limitation
London has yet to update the congestion charge with a road pricing structure that covers all of London, all road users and all of the week, including the heavy weekend night usage by private hire cars. London also does not have an effective means of managing the numbers of private hire cars on capital's roads on weekdays.

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Describe: Car-Lite policies are effective in decreasing the overall carbon footprint in the world.

Example: In Copenhagen, Denmark,  there are facilities like stepped cycling paths on roads, to not collide into cars and pedestrians. There are traffic lights and wayfinding signs for cyclists to find their way and to prevent traffics. There are cycling bridges where walking is not permitted. The more cyclists there are, the safer the roads become for everyone.

Strengths: It helps decrease the carbon footprint and prevent the growth of global warming. Moreover, it ensures residents lead a healthy lifestyle.

Limitations: There would be overcrowding and aggressive behaviour if the number of cyclists increase. They get impatient and become more threatening. Parked bicycles take up too much space due to the lack of double storey parking facilities and very little indoor parking space. This leads to bicycles being stranded. Foreigners who are uncertain of cycling can be cycling slowly on the road causing the locals to become impatient and may cause dangerous acts to get past them.

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Describe
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) is used to reduce road congestion on certain roads.

Example
The main purpose is to promote  alternative routes and transportation modes to reduce road congestion. ERP works during peak hours on particular congested roads. Drivers pay a fee when passing through ERP. Typical charges for ERP range from $1-$6. ERP rates are determined based on traffic conditions.

Strength
One strength is that drivers may be unwilling to pay the ERP fee. Hence, to avoid paying the fee, many drivers might want to try taking public transport as it is cheaper, this will then cause lesser cars on the road which will reduce traffic congestion in Singapore.

Limitations
One limitation is that some users may not even worry about the ERP prices and will not try to change routes as they do not care about the ERP fees it takes to drive their car on that route. This will make the ERP ineffective as instead of making drivers change to a different route, drivers just pay the fee and take the same route. Thus not reducing road congestion in Singapore

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d: building age friendly facilities in public transports to allow convenience of movement for the elderly and improved safety for the elederly
e: for example, an inclined elevator is being used to enhance accessibility inside a tokyo train station, when it opened to the public at Akasaka-mitsuke Station.This is the first time for an inclined elevator to appear at a train station in Tokyo the new lift is a lot faster to use, just needing 30 secs to reach the second basement level
s: this would convenient a wide number of commuters such as the elderly who have problems walking and require assistance. The new lift is a lot faster to use, and helps a wider number of commuters as it accommodates not only wheelchair users but also those with prams and strollers.
l: When installing an ordinary vertical elevator, a vertical cavity needs to be created, requiring a fair amount of money and construction work