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The biosphere is made up of the parts of Earth where life exists—all ecosystems. The biosphere extends from the deepest root systems of trees, to the dark environments of ocean trenches, to lush rain forests, high mountaintops, and transition zones like this one, where ocean and terrestrial ecosystems meet.

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The biosphere has existed for about 3.5 billion years. The biosphere's earliest life-forms, called prokaryotes, survived without oxygen. Ancient prokaryotes included single-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaea. Some prokaryotes developed a unique chemical process.

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The biosphere is made of three parts, called the 1. lithosphere
2. atmosphere
3. hydrosphere

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1. The atmospheric build-up of carbon dioxide, (causing global warming).
2. Pollution of fresh and salt waters, and of soil and air.
3. Erosion and other effects of deforestation.

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Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level.

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Biodiversity Ensures Health and Food Security. Biodiversity underpins global nutrition and food security. ...
Biodiversity Helps Fight Disease. ...
Biodiversity Benefits Business. ...
Biodiversity Provides Livelihoods. ...
Biodiversity Protects Us.

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The three types of biodiversity are:
Species Diversity.
Genetic Diversity.
Ecological Diversity.

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What are the causes and why does biodiversity matter? Biodiversity, or the variety of all living things on our planet, has been declining at an alarming rate in recent years, mainly due to human activities, such as land use changes, pollution and climate change.

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Three levels
Usually three levels of biodiversity are discussed—genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.

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Changes to how we use the land and waters. Both our lands and our seas contain many different ecosystems, and these are affected by business actions. ...
Overexploitation and unsustainable use. ...
Climate change. ...
Increased pollution. ...
Invasive species.