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what we learn today : 14 october (monday)

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what we learn today : 14 october (monday)

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in today class, what i learn is that technology is a practical implementation of learning and knowledge by individual and organization to aid human needs. i also learn that all the knowledge,products,process,tools,methods and systems employed in the creation in goods or providing services. while management is an art of carrying a business

why did we need to managing technology? because its importance as the rapid pace of technologyal change demands to take full advantages of technological opportunities. its can shortened product life cycles, the time technology to be marketed is reduced, and its increasing international competition.

Framework in technology management includes creates a linkage among science, engineering and management disciplines. in nutshell, science and engineering can be linked with business admisnistration.

technology in firms has played the role of the drivers of changes in the environment by alter the rules competition and create new industries. its also benificial of changes initiated by others in adopting more efficient technology into their products and processes. its roles can relates as facilitator of technology development by investing in other parties' reasearch projects. and lastly, its caused the victim of technology change increased, for those whose have no knack to enhances their products will be the victim of technology change. by example, koddaq

there is a severals key in managing technology, first the firms must determine if it wants to be a leader or follower in its industry. both of its has their own benefits but the choice will result in the firm taking . other than that, the firm must also determine whether it will develop its own new technology or buy it. also the firm need to choose wether go wit products or services.

the factor that can promote technology management are, speed of technological change, change in scope , change in competition and trade blocs.

last but not least, i learn about the classificatio of technology that has 6 class of it. new technology, emerging technology, high technology, appropriate technology, medium technology and low technology. each of its has their own unique terms that we can take as a guidances in managing technology.

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components of technology divided by 4, technoware, humanware, orgaware, and infoware.

the function of technology in enterprise is for :

transformation (production, conversion)

transmission/ transference (distribution, collection)

transaction / trade (exchange, service)

treatment (care, service)

but there's still exist some difficulties and misunderstanding of how technology is embodied,

actually: technology is simply hardware, critical information which can improve a product or process, efficient organizational practices.

that's why technology is divided in two categories to avoid diff interpretation.

1. process technology

2. product/service tecnology

[PROCESS TECHNOLOGY]

refers to the technology needed to make the designed product/services.

4 distinctive embodiment forms namely:

technoware

humanware

orgaware

infoware

a) Technoware:

- transformation facilities

physical technologies such as: tools, devices, equipment, machinery,structures

its enhance human physical powers and controls for all necessary transformation operations.

- technoware has :

the machines needed for the process

the software needed to operationalise the machines

the tools needed to maintain the machines

the spare parts needed to repair the machines

- Technoware comprises:

material transformation subsystem : perform desired mechanical operation that the technoware has been designed to perform

information processing subsystem : carried out three stage control sequence, namely, sensing-analysis-actuation

- in a business enterprise, technoware changes through a process of periodic substitution of old by new.

b) Humanware:

- individual abilities

in humanware there is a skills to operate the machines, craftsmanship, knowledge, expertise, creativity...

the potential of technoware need to be realized.

- humanware consists of :

contact humanware - refers to the skills of operators to operate the technoware

support humanware - refers to the maintanance crew and indirect technoware use facilitators such as software specialist and production management personnel. (skills to maintain and repair the machines)(skills to plan and control production)

- humanware changes through a process of progressive learning of new thing.

c) Orgaware :

- organizational framework

- in orgaware we can find:

method, techniques, linkages, practices

which coordinate all productive activities of the enterprise for achieving purposeful results.

- orgaware mat be viewed in terms of what may be called work conventions, work organization, work facilitation work evaluation and work modification.

- orgaware changes thru a process of evolving arrangements and practices.

work conventions : introducing beliefs and principles that can set the tone for introducing management practices.

work organization : management techniques to plan production based on demand forecast.

work facilitation : management technique for quality assurance and inventory planning and control.

work evaluation : management techniques for monitoring performances

work modification : management technique to facilitate worker participation for performance improvement.

d) Inforware:

- documented facts

facts and formulas, design parameters, specification, manuals, theories.. and represents the accumulated knowledge.

enables quicker learning and savings in term of time and resources.

- inforware could be considered in terms of three categories:

1. technoware-specific inforware (TSI)

refers to inforware needed to operates, maintain and improve the technoware

specification of the machines and list of spare parts

operating manuals

trouble-shooting checklists

tacit knowledge gained by exprerience on how to get the best out of the machines.

2. humanware-specific inforware (HSI)

the inforware needed to obtain a good understanding and appreciation of the manufacturing process and the technoware being used

theories on the way the machines operates, their limitation

tables of engineering data

international, national performance standards and calibration schemes

3. orgaware-specific inforware (OSI)

the inforware needed to ensure effective usage of and timely interactions between the available technoware and humanware

demand forecasts

customer specification

machine capacity details

lists of material and components suppliers

[PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY]

product technology consists of two major components:

product design inforware : technology associated with the design of a product

product usage inforware: technology associated with the usage and maintanance of the product

1. Design faundation inforware (dfi)

customer performance requirements

the theory and concept of the proposed design

2. Design backup inforware (dbi)

tables of engineering data

national performance standards

3. Design specifications inforware (dsi)

engineering drawing

specifications of the designed products

what is there product usage inforware?

product operating inforware (poi)

standard operating procedures and software needed to operates the products

product maintanance inforware (pmi)

manual and drawing needed for maintanance, repairing and servicing the product

product performance-enhancing infirware (ppi)

tacit knowledge gained by experience on how to operate at maximum efficiency and get the best of the products

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1. INTRODUCTION:

the proper technology planning is Technology Assessment (TA)

TA is the way for our national planners to address the question of how best to use technology for the overall benefit of society

TA examines the possible effects on society and its ecological environment when a technology is introduced, extended or modified.

from business perspective: TA as a tool for understanding the overall business environment and just as market research conducted to understand consumer preferences.

conducted to understand the technology

2. TA IS MORE THA SOLVING MAN-MADE PROBLEM

Technology is man-made

some people (who view technology as something that enslaves man, destroys the environment creates of culture disorder) emphasize the problem solving aspect of TA.

for them the main purpose of TA is to develop ways and means of mitigating the problems creates by current technologies application.

3. TA IS MORE THAN EIA (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT)

The aim of EIA has been the protection of the natural environment to prevent further deterioration of the quality life.

TA enable us to select technologies that do not affect the stability of the ecosystem beyond the capacity of self-renewal.

this approach sees environment only as pollutions of land, water and air, focuses on the minimization of the adverse effects

4. TA IS ALL OF THE ABOVE AND MORE

MINIMIZATION of negative effects and maximization of the positive effects.

environment is only one aspect of the surrounding. the total human surrounding. include environmental as well as economic, population,resources and political

5. ROLE OF TA:

A) THE ROLE OF TA IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES