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The silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II marked the 25th anniversary of her accession to the thrones of the United Kingdom and other common wealth realms. It was celebrated with large-scale parties and parades throughout the United Kingdom and the commonwealth throughout 1977, culminating in June with the official Jubilees days held to coincide with the Queens official birthday. The anniversary date itself was commemorated in a church service across the land on 6thof February 1977 and continued through the month.

Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee Photos - See the Real Life Queen's Throne 25th Anniversary from the Crown (townandcountrymag.com)

Positive impacts-

more tourists where visiting the UK meaning higher income of money by tourism

people would go visit London from all around the world meaning they would be staying for a few days meaning they would need a hotel

more visitors meant busier streets meaning people who work in retail and hospitality would have more jobs and longer hours

tourist would spend money in local shops and support local products

some people who have never been to London before and really enjoyed it could come back for holidays

Negative impacts-

there would be thousands of people in the streets causing congestion and traffic meaning people would be late to work and other places

lots of environmental damage seen as there would be lots of people in the streets buying food and all sorts there would be a lot of it thrown on the floor

since there would be lots of traffic it would be causing more pollution and harming the environment

people would try to get as close as possible causing arguments with other people and even possibly causing fights and major disruption in the streets

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The first Virgin Atlantic flight took place on June 22 1984. The flight was operated using a leased Boeing 747-200, christened maiden Voyager. the flight departed from London Gatwick Airport and arrived at Newark Liberty international airport in the United States. The flight was filled with Virgin Group employees, celebrities and media personnel, and it was described as an "eight hour party in the sky" with 70 cases of champagne on board. The idea of Virgin Atlantic was born when Richard Branson, the founder of Virgin Group, was stranded in Puerto Rico after his flight to the British virgin islands was cancelled due to low passenger numbers. He chartered a plane and sold tickets to fellow stranded passengers, which led to the creation of Virgin Atlantic.

Positive impacts

innovation in air travel- they introduced a new approach to air travel, focusing on customer service and a unique flying experience.

increased competition- the entry of Virgin Atlantic into the market increased competition, which often leads to better prices and service for consumers

job creation- the launch of Virgin Atlantic created numerous jobs such as pilots, cabin crew, to administrative and support roles

boost to tourism- by offering flights to popular destinations like the US, virgin Atlantic helped boost tourism and business travel between the UK and the US

Negative impacts

market disruption- the entry of Virgin Atlantic disrupted the existing market, leading to financial challenges for some established airlines such as British airways, which faced increased competition

financial risk-starting a new airline is a high risk venture and virgin Atlantic faced significant financial challenges in its early years

environmental concerns- increases air travel contributes to environmental issues, such as higher carbon emission and noise pollution

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The Channel Tunnel also known as the "Chunnel" officially opened on May 6, 1994, connecting the UK and France via a rail link. The opening ceremony was presided over by Queen Elizabeth II of England and the president of France. The tunnel connects Folkstone England with Coquelles France, running for 31 miles under the English channel. It has the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world stretching for 23.5 miles. The Tunnel cut time travel from England and France to just 35 minutes and eventually between London and Paris to two and a half hours. The project took 6 years to complete and cost around 15 billion and took 15 thousand people to complete at the peak of construction.

https://youtu.be/KclYKAnaJ_k

Positive impacts

created jobs- both directly and indirectly supporting the local and national economy

tourism boom- the tunnel has made it easier for tourists to travel between England and France

convenient- travellers enjoy faster and more convenient travel options therefore making it a popular for of travel to and from

reduces air travel- people will find it much easier and cheaper to travel this way so less people will be flying to England or France

Negative impacts

increased traffic- while the tunnel has reduced short haul flights it has increased road traffic

financial losses- during the first years following the construction of the tunnel there was financial difficulties including lower than expected passenger numbers

construction impacts- during the construction there was significant environmental impacts including disruption to local wildlife habitats and landscapes

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The rise of low cost airlines in the 2000s was a game changer for the airline industry. Low cost airlines made air travel more affordable for the general public, opening up new markets and making flying a viable option for more people. Traditional airlines faced stiff competition from low cost airlines, this led to a shift in the industry with many legacy carriers having to adapt their business models. Improvements in technology allowed low cost airlines to operate more efficiently reducing costs and passing those savings onto customers. The lower fares and increased travel options contributed to economic growth, particularly in regions

where air travel was previously less common.

Positive impacts

increased accessibility- low cost airlines have made air travel more affordable allowing more people to travel both domestically and internationally

boost to tourism- the availability of budget flights has encouraged more tourists to visit the UK boosting tourism and supporting local businesses

better connectivity- these airlines have improved connectivity between the UK and other regions making it easier for people to travel for different reasons

economic growth- the growth of low cost airlines has contributed to economic development by creating jobs

Negative impacts

environmental impact- low cost airlines contribute significantly to carbon emissions for example Ryanair emitted 15 million tonnes of CO2 which is equivalent to the emissions of seven million petrol cars.

hidden costs- while ticket prices may be low passengers often face additional fees for service such as baggage, seat selection and priority boarding.

impact on traditional airlines- the rise of low cost airlines has put pressure on traditional airlines leading job losses and reduced services in some cases

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March 23rd 2020 was when the first official lockdowns was announced. Covid 19 was a world wide pandemic and had a big affect on billions of peoples lives. The period of covid lasted all the way up to the 5th May 2023 during this period shops were closed flights were cancelled every social gathering was called off and everyone had to remain in their own household bubbles for nearly 8 months. This was a time period where everything stopped, some small businesses never reopened again, some shops, restaurants and pubs couldn't make it through the tough times and had to close permanently as they could not afford to keep it open.

Coronavirus - The latest news on the COVID-19 outbreak (sky.com)

Positive impacts

health awareness- people have become more hygienic and look after their health more

environmental improvements- with reduced human activity there was a noticeable decrease in pollution levels such as cleaner water and air

workplace flexibility- many businesses adopted remote working policies, leading to increases flexibility and work life balance for employees

innovation in healthcare- the healthcare system saw rapid advancements, including the development and rollout of vaccines and improvements in telemedicine

Negative impacts

education was disrupted- schools and universities were closed or moved online affecting students education and social development

social inequality- the pandemic stopped social inequalities with vulnerable populations being disproportionately affected by health and economic impacts

mental health issues- the pandemic led to increased stress, anxiety and depression due to social isolation

many businesses closed or operated at reduced capacity leading to job losses and economic downturn