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The first permanent English settlement in America was established in Jamestown, Virginia. Led by Captain John Smith, the colonists faced many challenges including disease, starvation (the 'Starving Time'), and conflicts with the Powhatan Indians. The discovery of tobacco as a cash crop later helped the colony survive and prosper.

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The Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower landed at Plymouth Rock, establishing the second successful English colony. After a difficult first winter where many colonists died, they formed an alliance with the Wampanoag tribe. The first Thanksgiving was celebrated here in 1621, marking a successful harvest.

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Led by John Winthrop, the Puritans established Boston as part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Winthrop's famous 'City upon a Hill' sermon set high expectations for the colony. Boston quickly became an important port city and center of commerce and education in New England.

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Founded as a safe haven for English Catholics by Lord Baltimore, Maryland was established with the Act of Tolerance, allowing freedom of religion for all Christians. St. Mary's City served as the first colonial capital of Maryland.

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Charleston was founded as part of the Carolina Colony and quickly became an important port city. The colony was known for its rice and indigo plantations, and sadly, became a major center for the slave trade in British North America.

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William Penn established Philadelphia as a 'Holy Experiment,' creating a colony based on religious tolerance and peaceful coexistence. The city was carefully planned with a grid system and became an important center for democracy, later hosting the Continental Congress.

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James Oglethorpe founded Savannah and the Georgia Colony as a haven for debtors and the poor. It was the last of the original 13 colonies to be established. The colony served as a military buffer between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas.

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Originally settled by the Dutch as New Amsterdam, this colony was taken over by the English in 1664 and renamed New York. The city's strategic location and excellent harbor helped it grow into a major trading center, setting the foundation for its future as America's largest city.