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Main language: Thai
Religions: Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and Non religious.

Origin: Due to constant Chinese pressure, the Thai people, who were originally from China, fled south and conquered numerous people groups and cultures in the process. They had an extensive population in southern Thailand by the tenth century. They finally made their way as far south as Peninsular Malaysia, where they interacted with Malay Muslims.

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1. Hoklo/Hokkien people

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Hokkien community in Malaysia

1.3 Zhong Yuan Jie (Hungry Ghost festival)

1.4 Wedding ceremony

1.5 Chinese New Year Celebration

1.6 References

2. Malaysian Malayalese

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Malaysian Malayalese community in Malaysia

2.3 Thaipusam

2.4 Wedding Ceremony

2.5 Deepavali

2.6 References

3. Thai Malays/ Siamese Malaysian

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Thai Malays community in Malaysia

3.3 Songkran Festival

3.4 Wedding ceremony

3.5 Loy Krathong

3.6 References

4. Kristang people

4.1 Intrudu Festival

4.2 Feast of the Fisherman Saint Peter

4.3 Christmas

4.4 References

5. Ida'an

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Ida'an community in Malaysia

5.3 Harvesting Bird Nest

5.4 The Ida'an Wedding Tradition

5.5 References

6. Reflection

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A hokkien family in Southern Fujian, 1920

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Main language: Hokkien, a Southern Min language.
Religions: Chinese folk religion, taoism and Chinese buddhism.
Origin: The hokkien people are considered an ethnic group within the sinitic people. They are merely a part of the Han ethnic majority and do not belong to any of China's 55 ethnic memories. They also sometimes referred to as Hokkien, Hokuro, Min-nan, or Hokkien Lang people. They are believe to have come from regions in northern and central China that surround the Yellow River. They settled mostly in the southern province of Fujian, however there are also Hoklo groups in Guangdon and Hainan.

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Hokkien is the largest Chinese dialect spoken language in Malaysia. Currently, Hokien is used as a trade language by most Chinese people in Malaysia, regardless of their ethic background, to communicate with other Chinese in certain areas. However, the majority of Chinese in these specific areas, no longer speak a pure form of the any of the Fujian dialects. They now speak a dialect called Hokkien, which is mostly derived from Malay and other Chinese dialects. The Hokkien dialect is the main language for the Chinese in Johor, Malacca, Penang, Kedah, Perlis, Terengganu, Kelantan and Sarawak.

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The 7th month in the Chinese calendar holds a special meaning. The Chinese believe that this month they will see the opening of the gates of hell and the release of hungry spirits to feast on the earth. Therefore, the Chinese would perform a ritual to represent offering alms to the ghost of their ancestors.

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News article: Culture's Insider: China's Ghost Festival

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News article: Culture's Insider: China's Ghost Festival

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Key points in the article:

1. According to Buddhist doctrine, deceased parents and relatives can be saved from terrible situations in the afterlife by donating objects on the festival day.

2. The ghost festival have two meanings. The first is to get people to support the Buddhist monks. The other is to convince individuals to carry out more acts of charity in order to release departed souls of sin and promote family faithfulness.

3. The floating water lantern is the grandest during the Zhong Yuan festival. The water lantern also known as the lotus lantern is usually created by pasting paper into the form of a lotus that have a lantern inside. Lanterns are released into lakes and rivers on the night of the Zhong Yuan festival.

4. Chinese people also believe that the departed ancestors will be released for half a month. So, they will burn a lot of paper "money" to send off the spirits. Additionally, they will put some money into the an envelope with the user's name on it and the envelope will be burnt for sacrifice.

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[Photo/VCG]

The Zhongyuan Festival, also known as Ullambana Festival among Buddhists, falls on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, on Aug 30 this year.

Since ancient times, the Chinese have believed that the gates of hell open on that day and so people hold all kinds of activities to honor the ghosts. Therefore, the festival is also called the Ghost Festival.

There are two other festivals in China to honor departed spirits of ancestors: Qingming Festival (in spring) and the Chung Yeung Festival (in autumn). In both, living descendants pay homage to their deceased ancestors. Zhongyuan Festival is distinct from these, as the deceased are believed to visit the living.

Buddhist doctrine says that by offering articles on the festival day, deceased parents and relatives can be saved from bad situations in the after life. The Ullambana Festival of Buddhism has two meanings. One is to persuade people to provide for Buddhist monks. The other is to convince people to do more charitable deeds to release departed souls from sin and advocate family devotion.

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The Zhongyuan Festival, also known as Ullambana Festival among Buddhists, falls on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, on Aug 12 this year.

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Preparation for the wedding ceremony must be done carefully. There are several wedding traditions and ceremonies that needs to be done throughout the wedding ceremony.

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A brief video on how the Hokkien wedding traditions is done.

A Hokkien tradition is to offer the red dates, longangs, lotus seeds, along with other sweet items (winter melons and rock sugar). These items will be presented to the family bride's side. The bride's family will accept the gift and return the same portion of it.

A tree of oranges will also give to the bride's family. 12 or 18 oranges will be presented because 12 represents luck while 18 represents prosperity.

Two pair of candles would also be send. (A pair of Dragon candles and as well a pair of Phoenix candles). The bride's family will keep the pair of dragon to represent that they have a new member in the family. However, the will send back the phoenix candles to the groom to congratulate them having a new daughter in law.

Ten of pig totters and two bottles of alcohol are also essential items. All these items are then being put in the traditional baskets and will accompanied by the matchmaker to bring over.

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Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre - SCCC

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Celebrating Chinese Wedding Traditions | Hokkien

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There are also some ceremonies that need to carried out before the actual wedding day. 

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There are also some ceremonies that need to carried out before the actual wedding day. 

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1. Setting up the matrimonial bed (An Chuang)

The setting up are usually performed by the groom's parents or the grandparents.

The rituals will starts by changing the bed linen into the auspicious color (red/pink/lavender). Next, the bed will be covered with the special items and objects that were from the bethrothal gift ceremony.

Once everything is set up, everyone will need to recite prayers wishing the couple a great marriage and life together.

2.Hair combing ritual (Shang Tou)

The  ceremony symbolizes the couple has reached a mature and will receive congratulatory message from others.

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Chinese new year begins on the first day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar and last until the Yuen Xiao festival, which is also referred to as Chap Goh Meh in the Hokkien dialect. People celebrate Chinese New Year for 15 days.

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Legend has it that celebrating the Chinese New Year starts with the struggle against with the mythical beast called Nian.  (Nian means year in Chinese.) It is believed that Nian would eat livestocks, crops and people on the New Year Eve.

To protect their lives, the people will put food in front of their door to prevent Nian from attacking them.

It was also said that Nien was succesfully chased away when the beast sae the little child wearing red clothing, who was crying in terror at the sight of the beast.

It was then when the people started to realize that the beast is scared of the colour red. To prevent Nian from entering, people would start hanging crimson scrolls and lanterns over their doors and windows.

They would also start to crackle the bamboo (later replaced by fireworks) to scare the Nian away.

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Timothy S. Y. Lam Museum of Anthropology

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Chinese New Year, also known as Lunar New Year or Spring Festival,is China's most important festival. It is also the most important celebration for families and includes a week of official public holiday.

The history of the Chinese New Year festival can be traced back to about 3,500 years ago. Chinese New Year has evolved over a long period of time and its customs have undergone a long developmental process.

When is Chinese New Year?

The date of the Chinese New Year is determined by the lunar calendar. The holiday falls on the second new moon after the winter solstice on December 21. Each year the New Year in China falls on a different date than on the Gregorian calendar. The dates usually range sometime between January 21 and February 20.

Why is it called the Spring Festival?

Even though it is winter, the Chinese New Year is popularly known as the Spring Festival in China. Because it starts from the Beginning of Spring (the first of the twenty-four terms in coordination with the changes of Nature), it marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring.

The Spring Festival marks a new year on the lunar calendar and represents the desire for a new life.

Legend of the Origin of Chinese New Year

Chinese New Year is steeped with stories and myths. One of the most popular legends is about the mythical beast Nian (Year). He ate livestock, crops, and even people on the eve of a new year.

To prevent Nian from attacking people and causing destruction, people put food at their doors for Nian.

It's said that a wise old man figured out that Nian was scared of loud noises (firecrackers) and the color red. So, people put red lanterns and red scrolls on their windows and doors to stop Nian from coming inside. Crackling bamboo (later replaced by firecrackers) was lit to scare Nian away.

Chinese New Year's Origin in the Shang Dynasty

Chinese New Year has a history of about 3,500 years. Its exact beginning date is not recorded. Some people believe that Chinese New Year originated in the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC), when people held sacrificial ceremonies in honor of gods and ancestors at the beginning or the end of each year.

Chinese Calendar "Year" Established in the Zhou Dynasty

The term Nian first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC). It had become a custom to offer sacrifices to ancestors or gods, and to worship nature in order to bless harvests at the turn of the year.

Chinese New Year Date Was Fixed in the Han Dynasty

The date of the festival, the first day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar, was fixed in the Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD). Certain celebration activities became popular, such as burning bamboo to make a loud cracking sound.

In the Wei and Jin Dynasties

In the Wei and Jin dynasties (220-420 AD), apart from worshiping gods and ancestors, people began to entertain themselves. The customs of a family getting together to clean their house, having a dinner, and staying up late on New Year's Eve originated among common people.

More Chinese New Year Activities from the Tang to Qing Dynasties

The prosperity of economies and cultures during the Tang, Song, and Qing dynasties accelerated the development of the Spring Festival. The customs during the festival became similar to those of modern times.

Setting off firecrackers, visiting relatives and friends, and eating dumplings became important parts of the celebration.

More entertaining activities arose, such as watching dragon and lion dances during the Temple Fair and enjoying lantern shows.

The function of the Spring Festival changed from a religious one to an entertaining and social ones, more like that of today.

In Modern Times

In 1912, the government decided to abolish Chinese New Year and the lunar calendar. It adopted the Gregorian calendar instead and made January 1 the official start of the New Year.

After 1949, Chinese New Year was renamed the Spring Festival. It was listed as a nationwide public holiday.

Nowadays, many traditional activities are disappearing but new trends have been generated. CCTV (China Central Television) Spring Festival Gala, shopping online, WeChat red envelopes, and overseas travel make Chinese New Year more interesting and colorful.

Here are two good website if you would like to read more, see charts, and get the answers to many questions about Chinese New Year:
https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/special-report/chinese-new-year/
Chinesenewyear.net

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History of Chinese New Year - Timothy S. Y. Lam Museum of Anthropology

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Chinese New Year, also known as Lunar New Year or Spring Festival, is China's most important festival. It is also the most important celebration for families and includes a week of official public holiday. The history of the Chinese New Year festival can be traced back to about 3,500 years [...]

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1.  Project, J. (n.d.). Han Chinese, Hokkien in Malaysia. Joshua Project. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11344/MY

2. Hoklo people: China & Asia Cultural Travel. China & Asia Cultural Travel | TanSuo Cultural Travel Solution Ltd. (2018, February 8). https://www.asiaculturaltravel.co.uk/hoklo-people/

3. Culture insider: China’s ghost festival. Chinadaily.com.cn. (n.d.). https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202308/30/WS62f5c4f7a310fd2b29e71db0_3.html

4. Kajian Malaysia, Vol. 33, Supp. 2, 2015, 135–152 - web.usm.my. (n.d.). http://web.usm.my/km/33(Supp.2)2015/km33s22015_08.pdf

5. Celebrating Chinese wedding traditions: Hokkien. YouTube. (2020, October 16). https://youtu.be/pRZ3SLuv8Zs?si=KVxryDGRfeMLgbjO

6. Hair combing ritual 上头 (shang tou) for Teochew and Hokkien. Wedding Photography Singapore; Wedding Photographer Singapore; Bridal Photography Singapore; Pre-wedding Photography Singapore. (n.d.). https://www.topphotography.com.sg/wedding-traditions-for-teochew-and-hokkien/hair-combing-ritual-for-teochew-and-hokkien/

7. History of Chinese New Year. Timothy S. Y. Lam Museum of Anthropology. (2022, June 16). https://lammuseum.wfu.edu/education/teachers/chinese-new-year/history-of-chinese-new-year/#:~:text=Legend%20of%20the%20Origin%20of%20Chinese%20New%20Year&text=One%20of%20the%20most%20popular,at%20their%20doors%20for%20Nian

8. Setting up matrimonial bed 安床 (an Chuang) for Teochew and Hokkien. Wedding Photography Singapore; Wedding Photographer Singapore; Bridal Photography Singapore; Pre-wedding Photography Singapore. (n.d.). https://www.topphotography.com.sg/wedding-traditions-for-teochew-and-hokkien/setting-up-matrimonial-bed-for-teochew-and-hokkien/

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Malayalee youths of Selangor after performing a Malayalam social stage drama (1982)

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Main language: Malayalam and Malay.
Religions: Hinduism, Islam, Judaism and Christianity.
Origin: The Malayali have ancestral origins in Kerala and other nearby South Indian states. There are only over 135,000 members of the Malayali ethnic group in Malaysia, despite the fact that there are over 35 million Malayalam speakers in India. In the early 1900, Malayali people went to Malaysia in search of a better living. At first, they worked as conductors, clerks and hospital assistants on plantations. Thanks to their exceptional grasp of English, the second generation of Malayali went on to become plantation managers or assistant plantation managers among other professionals.

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Malaysian Malayalese community in Malaysia.

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Malaysian Malayalese community in Malaysia.

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Key points in the article:

Thaipusam is a major celebration that falls on the full moon of the month of January to February. Thaipusam is celebrated as a public holiday in a number of states within Malaysia.

Months before Thaipusam, devotees begin putting themselves through strenuous ritual and making substantial preparations. Believers cleanse their bodies and minds of impurities using a combination of fasting, dieting, and prayer to get ready for the rigorous rite.

During Thaipusam, one popular form of giving is the Paal Kudam (Milk Offering). The Paal Kudam is the tradition of carrying a kudam, or pot-shaped vessel on one's head when offering milk to Lord Murugan. Next, the priest would perform Paal Abhishegam using this milk. As they carry sacrifices to their god, the individuals in the celebration do the "burden dance" or Kavadi Attam.

The Kavadi is considered the most auspicious and meticulous gift to Lord Murugan. The individual carrying the Kavadi sees the entire object as his personal shrine in addition to bearing a gift for the gods.  Some devotees use body-attached hooks to pull large carts, while others would pierce their backs with hooks to hang milk bottles on.

Most devotees slip into a trance during such piercings because to the constant drumming and chanting of "vel vel shakti vel". The devotees who go to such extremes claims that they are experiencing painless, spiritual trance that pulls them closer to Lord Murugan.

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THE Hindus celebrate Thaipusam, a significant holiday, on the full moon of the Tamil month of Thai (January-February). The month's name, Thai, and a star's name, Pusam, are combined to form the phrase Thaipusam. The Hindu festival of Thaipusam honours Murugan, the son of Shiva and Parvati. Kartikeya, Subramaniam, Sanmukha, Shadanana, Skanda, and Guha are other names for Murugan.

The goddess Parvati is said to have given Lord Murugan a spear on this day to aid him in defeating Tarakasura's army of demons and putting an end to their bad actions. Thaipusam commemorates the triumph of good over evil as a result. Lord Murugan devotees place a great deal of emphasis on the Vel. Silver, gold, lead, copper, and iron are the five metals that make up the Vel, which is said to be able to absorb all negative energy, spread positivity, and destroy all dangerous energies.

The shape of the Vel, which has a broad head that narrows to a point at the tip, represents the breadth and depth of our mind. The sharp tip suggests how we should apply our knowledge with tact. Hinduism is more approachable because of the way the gods are portrayed, which is not simply based on imagination but also has symbolic importance.

In several states of Malaysia, Thaipusam is observed as a public holiday. It is celebrated fervently anywhere there are major Tamil ethnic communities, not just in our country. Months before Thaipusam, devotees start making extensive preparations and putting themselves through a rigorous ritual. In order to prepare themselves for the rigours of the ritual, believers purge their minds and bodies of impurities through a mix of fasting, dieting, and prayer. A common kind of giving during Thaipusam is the Paal Kudam (Milk Offering). This is the most basic version that will be conducted by the devotees on Thaipusam.

The Paal Kudam refers to carrying paal (milk) in a kudam (vessel in the shape of a pot) on one's head to be given to Lord Murugan. The priest would next use this milk to perform Paal Abhishegam. The individuals who take part in the festivities conduct the "burden dance", or Kavadi Attam, as they carry sacrifices to their god. By putting their endurance to the test, devotees may show how strong their faith is through the Kavadi Attam.

According to a proverb, only those who are meant to do so would be able to deliver a Kavadi to Lord Murugan. More than any other gift, the Kavadi is regarded as the most auspicious and meticulous offering to Lord Murugan. In addition to carrying a gift for the gods, the Kavadi's bearer views the entire object as his personal shrine. Some devotees carry heavy carts via hooks fastened to their bodies, while others would puncture the skin on their backs with hooks from which they hang milk bottles. Many people also use skewers to puncture their lips and cheeks as a memento of the spear Parvati gave him.

The constant drumming and chanting of "vel vel shakti vel" during such piercing causes the majority of devotees to go into a trance. The followers who go to such lengths claim they are in a spiritual and devotional trance that makes them feel no pain and draws them nearer to Lord Murugan.

The largest temple in the nation, Batu Caves, is based in a limestone outcrop made up of a series of caves and is situated 13km north of Kuala Lumpur. You won't want to miss the challenging climb up the 272 rainbow steps leading to the cave temple.

Take heed that there will be an almost overwhelmingly huge crowd if you intend to visit Batu Caves during Thaipusam. But since most individuals act decently, everything unfolds in a systematic way. Simply follow the flow, be patient, and pay attention to your surroundings.

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THE Hindus celebrate Thaipusam, a significant holiday, on the full moon of the Tamil month of Thai (January-February). The month's name, Thai, and a s...

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A Malayalee wedding is a brief, sharp ceremony that takes place in the morning.

The article talks about the weddings customs followed in a typical Malayalee weddings:
1) Seek the blessings

Before heading to the wedding location to exchange vows, the bride and groom ask their elder relatives for blessings at their respective homes. The bride's friends will assist the bride in getting ready for the wedding.

For the wedding, the bride usually wears a two-piece sari, ofther called a "set saree". The bride's hair is decorated with flowers, usually jasmine, and she is accessorized with jewellery, usually gold.

The groom on the other hand, is clothed in an off-white or white silk shirt and a traditional dhoti (mundu). Gold rings, bracelets, and chains enhance the attreactiveness of the dress.

2) Welcoming the Bridegroom

After seeking their blessings from their elders, the bride and groom depart from their respective houses for wedding ceremony location.

As the groom's precession approaches the location, traditional drums (thavil) and nadaswaram, a non-brass acoustic instrument, are played to greet them.

The bride's brother (father in some parts of Kerala) greets the groom at the venue's doorstep by washing his feet with water. The groom gives the brother minor gifts in exchange, such as a gold chain, a bracelet, or cash.

3) The Nuptial Ceremony

The other name for Nuptial Ceremony is called veli. The marriage ceremony is officiated by the priest.

During the muhurtham time, the bride is tied around the neck by the husband with a mangalsutra, called "thaali" in Malayalam.

The bride and groom get bouquets and garlands from the priest, who exchanges them. Following the exchange of garlands, the bride's father performs the kanyaadaan, which involves placing the hand of the bride over the groom's hand.

The bride then puts chandan on his forehead in return for the groom applying vermillion (sindooram), on her. After then, the couple touches their parents feet to ask for blessings.

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Malayalee Wedding Rituals - Malayalee Wedding Customs, Malayalee Marriage Ceremonies

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The Malayalee wedding rituals are very brief. Check out information about the customs and ceremonies of Malayalee marriages, in the article.

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The Hindu holiday of Deepavali, sometimes referred to as Diwali, is a celebration of lights. For Hindus, it is one of the most significant holidays of the year, which they observe by carrying out customs at home.

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Key points in the article:

1. India's biggest holiday, Diwali, commemorates the victory of good over evil, light over darkness, and wisdom over ignorance. However, Diwali is mostly recognised as a festival of lights. Originating from the Sanskrit term dipavali, meaning "light-row".

2. In Hinduism, the Divali tale is told in a variety of ways by different geographical populations. All of these, however, are heroic tales of triumph achieved by men who were thought to be manifestations of the Hindu god Vishnu, who is regarded as the universe's sustainer and whose duty it is to restore the balance between good and evil in difficult times.

3. Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth and prosperity, is also celebrated during Diwali.

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There's a total of 5 days when celebrating Deepavali.

1. On the first day of Diwali, people clean their homes, make sweets, and offer prayers to the goddess Lakshmi.

2. The next day, they decorated their homes with lamps and rangolis. The also decorated the floor using coloured sand, rice, powder, or flower petals.

3. The third day of Diwali is the most significant because on this day, people can celebrate Lakshmi at temples or get together with friends and family for feast and fireworks.

4. The fourth day of Diwali is that when many people celebrate the start of a new year and exchange presents and well wishes.

5. Lastly, it is customary to honour one's siblings on the fifth day.

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1. Project, J. (n.d.-b). Malayali, Malayalam in Malaysia. Joshua Project. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/17433/MY

2. Selvakumaran, T. (n.d.). All about thaipusam. www.thesundaily.my. https://www.thesundaily.my/style-life/all-about-thaipusam-CN10590543

3. Malayalee wedding rituals. Malayalee Wedding Rituals - Malayalee Wedding Customs, Malayalee Marriage Ceremonies. (n.d.). https://weddings.iloveindia.com/malayalee-wedding/wedding-rituals.html

4. McKeever, A. (2022, October 11). Diwali is the Indian Festival of Lights. here’s what to know about its history and customs. History. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/diwali-history-customs-indian-festival-of-lights#:~:text=In%20northern%20India%2C%20Diwali%20commemorates,by%20the%20rival%20king%20Ravana.

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There are Thai residents lives in the northern Peninsula of Malaysia, which borders Thailand. They belong to a wider people group called the Tai and speak the tonal language of Thai. The Malay culture have had a significant influence of the cultures of other people, particularly the Thai.
For example, there is mutual respect between Malaysia and Thailand such as the city of Bangkok that has been an important part of Peninsular Malaysia since the thirteenth century. The rivers served as a conduit for diplomatic and political contacts in the past. Nevertheless, highways and railroads still facilitate trade and communication between the two countries today.

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Key points in the article:

The largest and most significant yearly celebration is Songkran, also known as Thai New Year. Traditionally, the first full moon in April marks the beginning of three days of celebration. These days, April 13 is the festival's official start date.

The term "Songkran," which refers to the movement of the zodiac, is derived from an old Sanskrit phrase that means "enter" or "pass into."

In addition to being one of the hottest times of the year, the festival also marks the start of the rainy season.

Why are there water fights during Songkran?

The water fights that are now associated with Songkran represent an evolution in tradition.

Spring cleaning and a water pouring ceremony are customarily held on the first day of the celebration. During this, sacred Buddha images in temples are doused with scented water. This is a symbol for purification, or letting go of the old year in order to embrace the new one.

In exchange for blessings and flower garlands, young people honor their elders on the second day by dousing their hands and feet in fragrant water. Monks and temples are also given offerings.

These features have taken on a new form outside the temples such as turning into an enormous water fights with super soakers, buckets of ice water, loud music and street parties.

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Thai New Year returns this month with water fights and parties

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Here's where to celebrate Songkran this April.

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The bride's wedding dress is a modified version of the Thai Chakkri traditional costume, knows as Chut Thai Pra Yook.

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The Wedding of Siamese community in Perak 

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The Wedding of Siamese community in Perak 

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Key points in the article:

The Siamese community's marriage customs start with making inquiries, continue with becoming engaged, set a date for the marriage solemnization and conclude with the actual wedding.

The majority of prospective couples decide to have all of the wedding ceremonies on one day.

For instance, a marriage reception in the evening, a marriage solemnization in the afternoon, and an engagement in the morning.

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The marriage custom of this Siamese community begins with enquiring, then getting engaged, fixing the date of marriage solemnisation and ends with the wedding itself. Most would-be couples choose to hold all the marriage ceremonies on the same day. For example, getting engaged in the morning, the ma…

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Video: How Loy Kathrong celebrated and the story behind the festival.

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Video: How Loy Kathrong celebrated and the story behind the festival.

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A brief video showing what is Loy Kratong and how people celebrated it.

One of the largest celebrations is Loy Krathong, also known as Loi Krathong (ลอยกระทง), also called the Festival of Lights. Every year, Thai people celebrate the Loy Krathong Festival, a traditional Siamese holiday, as a way of honouring the Buddha and the Goddess of Water.

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Thailand Loy Krathong Lantern Festival Story And How People Celebrate It

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Main language: Malaccan Portuguese Creole
Religions: Christianity and Islam.
Origin: Based in Malaysia and Singapore, the Kristang people are a creole ethnic group of mixed Portuguese and Malaccan (Malay) ancestry. Due to widespread marriages among the Kristang, members of this ethnic group have a significant Dutch heritage, some British heritage, as well as Chinese and Indian family history. In addition, many of the Jews of Malacca merged into Kristang group as a result of the Portuguese Inquisition in the area. During the 16th and 17th centuries, when Malacca was a port and the centre of the Portuguese Empire, the creole group emerged in Malaysia. Certain descendants speak a unique creole language called Kristang, which is derived from Portuguese. They are categorized as Portuguese Eurasian by the government.

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A brief video showing the descendants Melaka Kristang live in Melaka.

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Melaka Kristang, aside from the popular culture

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Intrudu Festival (a water festival marking the beginning of Lent) 

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Intrudu Festival (a water festival marking the beginning of Lent) 

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Key point in the article:

The century-old Intrudu is a major occasion for the Portuguese community to get ready for Lent, a religious observance of fasting and prayer in the liturgical calendar, according to Portuguese Culture and Heritage Activist Martin Theseira.

As today Intrudu is often referred to as "Fat Sunday" or dominggu gordo, meaning that it will be the final day of celebration before Lent.

The last Sunday before Ash Wednesday, the beginning day of Lent, is typically when people celebrate Intrudu, which means "introduction to a new season". Lent is a season of prayer, penance, make sacrifice, give charity and say good things.

Martin also said that this festival is preparing them spiritually for Easter Sunday, which is a festival honoring Jesus' resurrection. Martin also added that it initiates the seven-week countdown to Easter following commemoration of Jesus' birth (Christmas Day).

According to Martin, another aspect of "Intrudu" is the custom of younger people giving older ones a shot of brandy or wine, which they do as a show of respect.

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Key points in the article:

The feast of San Pedro is on 29th June.

The feast of San Pedro has been observed worldwide in nations where the Portuguese have a presence, but it wasn't until the early 1930s that it really became a part of the Malaccan community.

Additionally, it was around this time when Portuguese settlement was established and their ancestors resumed fishing in the region.

Even though fishing is no longer the primary source of income for the locals, the Kristang community nevertheless carries on the its tradition of hosting these celebrations and feasts.

Some events that features are:

1. Blessing of boats. (A ceremony that goes back more than 500 years to the Age of Exploration, when Portugal was sent on a global sailing expedition by Prince Henry the Navigator.)

2. Colourful parades. (The Portuguese community will seize the chance to dress up and act out sketches of situations including St. Peter.

3. Food and Merriment. (Your palate will be treated to a harmonic fusion of flavours from Dutch, Portuguese, Malay, Indian and Chinese influence everything from hearty stews to spicy sambals and aromatic curries.)

4. Folk Dances and Performances (You will be able to see the ladies and gentlemen in traditional clothes performing the Corridinho dance.)

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Every year in June, the Eurasian community comes together to celebrate the feast of San Pedro. The descendants of the Portuguese pay homage to St Peter, the patron saint of fishermen once a year in extravagance with decorated boats, neon-lit parades, colourful outfits and folk dances. It is not only an occasion for religious devotion but also a practice to keep traditional rituals dating back to several centuries ago when the Portuguese once ruled Malacca.

While it has been a global celebration carried out in countries with a Portuguese presence, the feast of San Pedro only became an integral part of the local community in Malacca during the early 1930s. It was also when Portuguese Settlement was established and their ancestors started fishing again in the area. It was also during the British governance, which made religious ritual slightly more restricted in those days.

Today, although fishing is no longer the main occupation of people living here, the Kristang community continues to keep the tradition of having these festivities and feasts live on. The cultural event is now part of the major festivities listed on Tourism Malaysia'a yearly calendar - allowing visitors to truly immerse in a generational cultural experience unique to the Kristangs in Malacca.

Joining the celebration is also The Majestic Malacca who is hosting the San Pedro feast at The Mansion with lively acts of folk dance, music and delicious Kristang cuisine.

"Amidst the nostalgic crossover of cultures and priceless traditions, we are proud to celebrate the feast of San Pedro. Being able to keep traditions alive in this modern day and age is extremely crucial, in Kristang we say 'konservah tradisang' which translates to conserving traditions."

If you're planning to head south to Malacca to experience the Feast of San Pedro happening on 29th June 2019, here's everything you need to know about this cultural celebration.

The cultural event features the blessing of boats which is a ceremony that dates back over 500 years to the Age of Exploration when Prince Henry the Navigator launched Portugal on a seafaring crusade to various parts of the world. It is undertaken to seek God's blessings for a better and bigger catch. The statue of St Peter will be taken out to sea with offerings and blessings taking place by priests and religious leaders. This usually takes place in the evening during dusk at the golden hour where the skies are dark purple with lashes of deep orange - a beautiful sight if you're a first timer to this ritual.

The Portuguese community will also take the opportunity to play dress up and perform sketches of scenes involving St Peter. Decorated boats will be adorned with colourful lights as they parade around Portuguese settlement.

No celebration is complete without food. From comforting stews to fiery sambals and fragrant curries, you'll be able to enjoy a harmonious blend of flavours from Dutch, Portuguese, Malay, Indian and Chinese influences. Enjoy classic Kristang dishes like Soy Limang Terung and Kari Debal sold at food stalls at the festival or head over to The Majestic Malacca to enjoy the unique cuisine in a more comfortable setting.

Folk Dances and Performances

The Portuguese folks certainly know how to host a festival with lots of folk songs, dancing and performances. It is also a way for them to preserve the Kristang language that is becoming less prominent amongst its community. If you're lucky, you'll be able to witness the Corridinho dance with the ladies and gents dressed in traditional costumes.

Immerse in Local Cultures

Like any parade or cultural events, it is where you 'do like the locals do'. Participate in the blessing rituals and walk the parade with the locals. If you're feeling jolly, join in the dance troupe and sing along to the classic 'Jingkli Nona', a folklore song that is very easy to pick up.

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All you need to know about the Malacca-Portuguese Feast of San Pedro

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The Malacca-Portuguese community celebrates the Feast of San Pedro on 29th June 2019. Here's what you need to know about the cultural event.

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Christmas in Melaka Portuguese Settlement 

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Christmas in Melaka Portuguese Settlement 

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Key points in the article:

Christmas is one of the most significant days of the year for the Kristang community because the majority of its members identify as Christians. Because of this, their Christmas celebrations are also of legendary proportions.

The chronology of the Kristang families' activities from Christmas Eve to Christmas Day.

1. 10am, Christmas Eve - The Preparation (usually the cooking begins on Christmas Eve morning with the chopping and slicing.)

2. 5pm, Christmas Eve - Getting ready for Mass (given that Christmas Mass, also known as Midnight Mass, is one of the most significant church services of the year, a large crowd is anticipated, and everyone will be dressed to impress.)

3. 9pm, Christmas Eve – Midnight Mass (Christmas music, Bible readings, a sermon by the priest, Holy Communion—(the consumption of bread and wine in remembrance of Jesus Christ's death for humankind's sins—and prayers are usually part of midnight mass.)

4. 12 midnight, Christmas Day - The party begins (As midnight approaches and Mass concludes, everyone will begin wishing one another a Merry Christmas. Then, in a rush, everyone would return home to begin the celebration.)

5. 5am, Christmas Day – Bedtime (Around four in the morning, the party crowd would begin to disperse, and around five, individuals would begin cleaning up. )

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(Pic Credit: Esther Chung/TRP)

You can tell that Christmas is a big deal at the Portuguese Settlement just from the way the whole village was decorated.

Aside from the tall blue Christmas tree at Portuguese Square, certain houses feature colourful reindeers on their walls; some have beautiful Nativity scenes arranged at their porches; while others seem to be wrapped up in multiple layers of party lights.

The Christmas vibe is strong here.

The legendary Kristang Christmas celebrations

(Pic Credit: Esther Chung/TRP)

Christmas is the day that Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ, where festivities involve attending prayers at church, family gatherings, and gift-giving.

Since a majority of the Kristang community are Christians, Christmas is one of the most important days of the year for them. As such, the way they celebrate Christmas is of epic proportions too.

Curious to know more about the legendary Kristang Christmas celebrations, I asked two of my Portuguese friends about it. So here's a chronology of what goes down from Christmas Eve to Christmas Day for the Kristang families:

10am, Christmas Eve - The preparation

What is an ordinary morning for most Malaysians is actually crunch time for those at Melaka's Portuguese Settlement.

"Normally Christmas Eve morning is when the cooking all starts, with the cutting and chopping. For the ones not involved in cooking, it's last minute cleaning for them. Some go shopping for presents, others run errands like buying things that run out," explained Steve Kyle D'Angelo.

5pm, Christmas Eve - Getting ready for mass

As Christmas Mass (also called Midnight Mass) is one of the most important church services of the year, a high turnout is expected and everyone would be dressed in their best for the occasion. Everyone is usually home by five or six o'clock to get ready for the church service.

9pm, Christmas Eve - Midnight Mass

Midnight Mass typically includes the singing of Christmas carols, Bible readings, a sermon by the priest, Holy Communion (the consumption of bread and wine in memory of Jesus Christ's sacrifice for the sins of mankind), and prayers.

12 midnight, Christmas Day - The party begins

Mass ends when the clock strikes midnight and everyone will start wishing each other Merry Christmas. People would then hurry back to their homes to start the party. "I usually head over to my grandmother's house with immediate family - as she's the eldest member - for supper and then open presents," Diandra Nunis said.

D'Angelo also mentioned that the younger generation would take turns to kiss the hands of their elders as a sign of respect.

The highlight of the night is probably the dinner spread. This is a list of traditional Christmas dishes from D'Angelo's family: Kari debal (devil's curry), seybak (slow-cooked pork salad), Portuguese baked fish, asam prawns, beef sambal, sugee cake, pineapple tarts, love cake (cake made from semolina, cashew nuts, and a range of spices).

"There's a lot of chit-chatting, drinking, dancing, and just sharing stories with the family." D'Angelo said.

The party will go on all night till six or seven in the morning (because sleep is for the weak).

5am, Christmas Day - Bedtime

As all good things must come to an end, the party crowd would start to disperse at around four in the morning and people start cleaning up at five. The rest of Christmas Day is spent on recuperating from all the partying.

"So, that's it till next year's party?" I asked.

Nunis replied, "Nope. We repeat the no-sleep-and-party on New Year's Eve and New Year!"

Esther Chung

I have an unhealthy obsession with chocolate, gummy candy, and "Confucius says" jokes.

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Celebrating Christmas At Melaka's Portuguese Settlement | TRP

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Subscribe to our Telegram channel for the latest stories and updates. You can tell that Christmas is a big deal at the Portuguese Settlement just from the way the whole village was decorated. (Pic Credit: Esther Chung/TRP) Aside from the tall blue Christmas tree at Portuguese Square, certain houses feature colourful reindeers...

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Video: How Kristang people celebrates Christmas

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Video: How Kristang people celebrates Christmas

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How the Malaysian Portuguese Celebrate Christmas

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1. Project, J. (n.d.-b). Kristang in Malaysia. Joshua Project. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11247/MY

2.  Melaka Kristang, aside from the popular culture. YouTube. (2018, September 1). https://youtu.be/LxxirDLzqZM?si=a2DPWe0c75vUywKR

3. Intrudu Water Festival makes a splash at Malacca’s Portuguese ... (n.d.-a). https://www.nst.com.my/news/2017/02/215914/intrudu-water-festival-makes-splash-malaccas-portuguese-settlement

4. Martin Teo   Editor-in-Chief, Teo, M., Editor-in-Chief, & Martin Teo                                                                        Editor-in-Chief                                                                      Martin has a s. (2019, June 26). All you need to know about the Malacca-portuguese feast of San Pedro. Lifestyle Asia Kuala Lumpur. https://www.lifestyleasia.com/kl/entertainment/all-you-need-to-know-about-the-malacca-portuguese-feast-of-san-pedro/

5. Therakyatpost. (2020, December 25). Celebrating christmas at Melaka’s Portuguese settlement. TRP. https://www.therakyatpost.com/living/2019/12/24/christmas-kristang-melaka-portuguese-settlement/

6. YouTube. (2022, December 23). How the Malaysian Portuguese celebrate Christmas. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaQ2s19tHOA

7. Social integration of Kristang people in Malaysia - global journals. (n.d.). https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume14/6-Social-Integration-of-Kristang-People-in-Malaysia.pdf

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Main language: Bahasa Ida'an
Religions: Islam

Origin: It's possible that the Ida'an were the first people to live in Sabah's eastern coastline region, but not much is known about their ancestry. The Ida'an are known to have lived in the Lahad Datu region from before the 13th century, despite it being unclear where they originated. Presently, there are between 5,000 and 6,0001 Ida'an, with their main centres being in and around Lahad Datu city, Ulu Tungku area of Lahad Datu District, the lower Kinabantangan River excluding Abai, runs from Bilit to the mouth of the river, and on the Segaliud and Suanlamba Rivers that flow into Sandakan Bay.  Further east, at Dagat KN, on the Dent Peninsula's northern flank, are more Ida'an villages. Additionally, at least one village is said to be situated far to the north in the Sugut River region.

The people of this language group use three different autonyms.

In the area around the town of Lahad Datu, they are referred to as Ida'an. However, the non-Muslim populations residing in the Tungku LD region refer to themselves as Begahak Kadazan and call their language Begahak.

They refer to themselves as Sungai in Sandakan and the lower Kinabatangan area.

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The Ida'an people celebrates the harvesting season of bird nest. During this season, there are many taboo and ritual that needs to obey throughout the season:

To help ensure a polite and cooperative harvesting situation, some behavioural abstinences are enforced while within the cave.

This ethnic group believes in spirits of their ancestors and supernatural forces. As a result, all abstinences are acts of respect for their ancestors, who are revered as the guardians of the cave.

One of the taboo that was obeyed before majority of Ida'an people embraced Islam is that they offered a meal of tumeric rice, white chicken, clay pots and goat to their ancestral spirits.

One is not permitted to enter the cave (Madai Cave) while wearing a tegawih or serawang ( a large head covering made of pandanus leaves.)

As for the superstition of Ida'an people is that sneezing upon entering the cave is seen as a bad omen. On that day, the sneezer must return home and is not allowed to harvest. Conversation inside the cave also employ metaphors and specialized vocabulary.

The mourning period for bird's nest harvesting due to death is two days. If an accident occurs inside the cave, such as someone falling from the cave's roof, then all harvesting work in the cafe area is suspended for three days.

Cats are the major rival of nesting birds, especially during the hatching season, hence breeding is prohibited for those who live near the Madai Cave.

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Video : It talks about the History of Ida'an people at Sabah

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Video : It talks about the History of Ida'an people at Sabah

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A brief video talking about Ida'an ancestors, the history of Ida'an and the beginning of harvesting bird nest.

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1. The first custom is by sending a representative to the girl's house. This is done to find out the status of the girl whether she has someone or not.

2. They will send an experienced and eloquent representative for the purpose of the pengawang basaro (penyerahan pembuka mulut/pantun). At the same time, the wedding items such as the ring (Panando) will be worn as a sign of consent.

3. The third step is mengossur process. (Majlis hantaran)

4. Next, Gabbpie Tullau process will be done. (malam berinai). This process involves 1 set of henna ceremony equipment and is done at the bride's house.

5. The fifth step is the wedding process. The wedding will be held at the bride's house and the Okab lawang will be done there. (adat membuka pintu). Next, pengawat ambat-ambat (the opening of the fence) will be conducted followed by the husband bringing in the wife for the cancellation of the prayer water. There will also be Menemon ceremony. (husband and wife take turns feeding each other rice with egg.

6. After that, the bride and groom will sit on the pelamin to be shown to the guests. Both sides of the bride will sprinkler some water to the couple as a sign of the wedding blessing. This custom will continue on the third night (Ratob tello) and the seventh night (Ratob turu).

7. Lastly, the Tingkuang ceremony (welcome son in law) will be held after 7 days (Ratob turu). The groom will bring the bride home to be introduced to the family. A flour ceremony (Penemil) will be carried out before entering the house. When entering the house, the bride will be sprinkled with turmeric rice (Bengkas bianing) as a sign of gratitude.

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1. The ida’an language. (n.d.-c). https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/253355/1/PL-C78.85.pdf

2. The culture and custom of the IDAHAN ethnic in Lahad Datu the beliefs and abstinences of harvesting bird nest. (n.d.). https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/culture/dis/420

3. Masyarakat Idahan di Lahad Datu. YouTube. (2021, June 27). https://youtu.be/zdj7ZqIpPp8?si=rKK1YzkuKx2tVt0B

4. Hussin, R. (n.d.). Pengkomersialan Budaya Orang sungai Melalui Ekopelancongan: Faktor Kejayaan Dan Limitasi. Jurnal Kinabalu. https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/ejk/article/view/493?fbclid=IwAR0tIKWWF8H0WN-6rq5LHynxY7dRbo8GqNNIA8vvUtFrOuF8vpfnqZfAYPw

5. syuhada, A. (2015, May 13). Adab Dan Budaya Kaum sungai di sabah. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/12369295/ADAB_DAN_BUDAYA_KAUM_SUNGAI_DI_SABAH?fbclid=IwAR3RObGW4laCMAOI2A1pZ1RDzRZtCsLMX8c6BVACaXJ8HW4OSlgKlnPmY48

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After a few days of compiling artefacts and materials on 5 different Malaysian ethnic groups, I have learned and discovered new festivals and rituals that are practiced by them. I am honored and grateful to be doing this e-portfolio because it helps me in getting knowledge, and the history of each of the festivals. Every ethnic has their own backstories and why that festival happens. Before I did this assignment, I was unaware and ignorant about the reasons the celebrations happen. As a Malay, Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Mawlid (Maulidur Rasul) and Nuzul Quran happen because they are stories and reasons that occur behind them. I should have known that it is the same for other cultures as well. Every ethnic group has customs, traditions, and taboos that must be followed and it shows how exquisite and detailed culture is. It is clearly shown that learning other cultures can make us recognise the differences between ourselves and individuals from other nations and backgrounds, especially with distinctive qualities and values. Cultures also enable us to understand the ways in which other cultures may help us in terms of communication and teamwork. This will help me become better at communicating with others and establish trusting relationships. Besides, having the knowledge and the awareness of other cultures, can help us avoid making incorrect assumptions about individuals from different cultural backgrounds. As we learn about the customs, beliefs, and struggles of people from diverse backgrounds, we gain a deeper understanding of their hopes and challenges. This connection inspires me to become a better leader so that I can have the ability to think critically, innovate, adapt at different places and also motivate other people around me. Moreover, I can also learn new skills which are problem-solving skills. We get a more broader perspective for tackling problems and coming up with original solutions when we are exposed to different viewpoints and methods in cultures. In conclusion, culture has broadened my viewpoint on a variety of issues. We not only become more informed global citizens but also more purposeful individuals, guided by a deeper understanding of our place in the world.

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When is Loy Krathong celebrated?

The evening of the 12th full moon of the lunar calendar is dedicated to celebrating the Loy Krathong Festival.

Based on the Western calendar, it often occurs in November. As a result, the date of Loy Kratong is flexible. Every year, it varies based on the full moon. In 2023, it will take place on the evening of 28th November.

What is the meaning of Loy Krathong?

The definition of "Loy (ลอย)" is "to float."

The translation of "Krathong" is "basket or boat."

So the meaning of 'Loy Krathong' is 'to float a basket'.

What is a Krathong?

A krathong is a tiny, ornamental float that is mainly constructed of banana leaves and usually has the shape of a little boat or lotus blossom. Usually, flowers, candles, incense sticks, and occasionally money or modest sacrifices are used to decorate the krathong.

During the event, the floating krathongs travel around rivers, lakes, or canals bearing people's wishes, hopes, and appreciation.

What makes Loy Krathong popular, and where did it come from?

The celebration, which combines Buddhist and Hindu traditions, is held to honor the Buddha and pay respect to Pra Mae Khongka (also known as Goddess of Water) for a year's worth of plenty supplies. It also serves as a means of requesting an apology from her for polluting the rivers.

These days, it's also a means of wishing good fortune for the upcoming year and letting go of negativity accumulated over the previous one.

The festival's origins are also believed to be connected to Nang Noppamas, the Sukhothai King's esteemed concubine. The krathong was inspired by a lotus-shaped that Nang Noppamas created and decorated with little bird images.

The tradition of beauty pageants, in which contestants dress as Nang Noppamas, was apparently inspired by this mythology.

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Loy Krathong or Loi Krathong (ลอยกระทง), known as Thailand's Festival of Lights, is one of the biggest festivals in Thailand. In 2023, it will take place on November 28th.

Loy Krathong Festival is an annual traditional Siamese festival celebrated by Thais to pay respect to the Goddess of Water and the Buddha.

It is not a public holiday but is celebrated nationwide when people gather around lakes, rivers, and canals to release floating lanterns or Krathongs on waterways.

Find out everything you need to know about Loy Krathong Festival in Thailand including when it will take place this year, why people celebrate Loy Krathong, and how to celebrate it.

When is Loy Krathong Festival celebrated?

Loy Krathong Festival is celebrated on the evening of the 12th full moon of the Thai lunar calendar. It usually falls in the month of November, according to the Western calendar. Therefore, the Loy Kratong date is not fixed. It changes every year depending on the full moon.

In 2023, it will take place on the evening of 28th November. Find out how the Loy Krathong date is determined and how long the Loy Krathong festival lasts.

A Thai woman is releasing a krathong.

What is the meaning of 'Loy Krathong'?

The word 'Loy (ลอย)' means 'to float'.

'Krathong' translates to 'basket or boat'.

So the meaning of 'Loy Krathong' is 'to float a basket'.

As its name implies, on the evening of the festival, Thai people gather around rivers, lakes, and canals to release baskets. This act symbolizes letting go of negative emotions and paying respect to the water spirits.

What is a Krathong?

A krathong is a small, decorative float made primarily from banana leaves, traditionally resembling a lotus flower or a small boat. The krathong is typically adorned with flowers, candles, incense sticks, and sometimes coins or small offerings.

The floating krathongs carry the hopes, wishes, and gratitude of individuals as they navigate along rivers, lakes, or canals during the festival.

See more information about Krathong, including how to make a krathong.

What is Loy Krathong celebrated for and What is its origin?

Loy Krathong originated in the ancient Sukhothai Kingdom around 800 years ago.

The festival combined Hindu and Buddhist customs and is celebrated to pay respect to and thank the Goddess of Water (called Pra Mae Khongkha) for a year's worth of her abundant supply and ask for an apology for polluting the waters, and pay respect to the Buddha.

Nowadays, it is also a way to get rid of negativity gathered during the previous year and welcome good fortune in the coming year.

It is also believed that the festival's roots are associated with Nang Noppamas, a revered concubine of the Sukhothai King. Nang Noppamas designed a lotus-shaped float adorned with miniature bird figures, which became the inspiration for the krathong. This legend also led to the tradition of beauty pageants where participants dress as Nang Noppamas.

Learn more about the origin of the Loy Krathong Festival.

How is Loy Krathong celebrated in Thailand?

Loy Krathong is a vibrant and significant festival celebrated in Thailand. Here's how people typically celebrate this festival:

1. Krathong Making: Traditionally Thai people will begin the festival by making their Krathongs at home with friends and family, although many do also buy them from local shops.

2. Floating Krathongs: At dusk, people gather near water bodies with their decorated krathongs. They light the candles and incense before gently releasing the krathongs onto the water, symbolizing the release of negativity and honoring the water spirits. Thai folklore suggests that if the krathong remains lit until it disappears out of sight, it will bring good luck for the following year.

3. Cultural Performances and Beauty Pageant: During Loy Krathong, visitors can enjoy folklore performances, lantern parades, firework displays, and Thai classical music concerts. There will often be a beauty pageant, where women will dress up in traditional Thai clothing.

4. Lantern Release: In some regions of Thailand, like Chiang Mai, an additional tradition involves releasing floating lanterns called "khom loi" into the sky. These lanterns symbolize the release of worries and the pursuit of a brighter future.

5. Food and Entertainment: Loy Krathong is also an occasion for feasting. People often indulge in delicious street food, including local delicacies and traditional Thai dishes.

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Where is the best place to celebrate Loy Krathong Festival?

Loy Krathong is celebrated across Thailand and nearby countries such as Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia.

Of all the celebrations of the Loy Krathong Festival in Thailand, certain cities hold celebrations on a much larger scale. The best places to go to experience the Loy Krathong Festival are Chiang Mai, Sukhothai, Bangkok, and Phuket.

1. Chiang Mai: Two Festivals in One

Chiang Mai is the second-largest city in northern Thailand and is also the best place to go for a Loy Krathong Festival experience. Besides having Loy Krathong celebrations, the city also holds another magnificent festival called Yi Peng Festival (Thailand Sky Lantern Festival) on the same day.
In 2023, Loy Krathong and Yee Peng will take place over the dates of 27th - 28th November.
With the floating lanterns of Loy Krathong on the river and the flying lanterns of Yi Peng dotting the night sky, Chiang Mai becomes a breathtaking scene that looks like something out of a fairytale. Witnessing these two festivals is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that you don't want to miss.

The tickets for the famous Chiang Mai CAD Yi Peng Lanterns Festival 2023 are on sale now. Asia Highlights is the official partner of Chiang Mai CAD. We're glad to help you book a ticket for a mass lantern release.

Chiang Mai CAD Tickets 2023

Take advantage of the most competitive tour with an awesome sky-lantern-release experience and Chiang Mai highlights

2. Sukhothai: the Birthplace of Loy Krathong

Sukhothai is the birthplace of the Loy Krathong Festival and is one of the best places to experience this joyful festival. The festival in Sukhothai is celebrated for five days. Most festival events are held in the Sukhothai Historical Park.

In addition to the floating lanterns, in Sukhothai, you can experience a beauty contest, parades, folk music performances, and the gorgeous Sukhothai light and sound show. See more information about Loy Krathong in Sukhothai.

Get off the beaten path to have a authentic cultural immersion - Loy Krathong in Sukhothai and Yi Peng in Chiang Mai

3. Bangkok: Events Alongside Chao Phraya River

If you only have time to visit Bangkok during the festival, don't feel too bad for not being able to go to Chiang Mai or Sukhothai. Bangkok celebrates Loy Krathong with its own style and activities.

Loy Krathong Festival 2023 Bangkok in the name "Festival of colors Loy Krathong Festival" might be held during 26-28 November 2023 at Santichaiprakarn Park with many interesting activities.

During the festival, many events will take place on the banks of the Chao Phraya River. Taking a cruise on the river is a romantic way to enjoy the festival.

The Asiatique shopping center is a good place to experience Loy Krathong events in Bangkok. Here, there are many bars and well-decorated stalls that illuminate the street and the river areas.

You can also visit the famous temples of Wat Arun, Wat Saket, Wat Pariwat, or Wat Yannawa to release Krathongs into the Chao Phraya River.

Learn more about the best places to go for Loy Krathong in Bangkok.

4. Phuket: Combine Loy Krathong with Beach Relaxation

Phuket is a great place to go for travelers who want to experience the beauty of Loy Krathong while avoiding the typical festival crowd. In Phuket, Loy Krathong is a much more laid-back event and most hotels and resorts offer classes on making your own Krathong and help you release it out to sea.

The festival is celebrated on all waterways and beaches including Patong Beach and Nai Harn Beach. If you are looking for a more local experience, you can head to Kata Beach, Karon Beach, Saphan Hin Park, or Suan Luang Park in Phuket Town. This is where most of the local Thai people gather to release their krathongs and celebrate.

Learn more about how to celebrate Loy Krathong in Phuket.

Enjoy both Yi Peng and Loy Krathong Festival celebrations as well as plenty of beach relaxation and culture exploration in 10 days:

What is the difference between Loy Krathong Festival and Yi Peng Festival?

The major difference is that during Loy Krathong, raft-like lanterns (called Krathong) made from banana leaves are released to float on rivers and lakes whereas during Yi Peng bamboo paper lanterns (called Khom Loi) are released into the sky.

Loy Krathong is celebrated all across Thailand while Yi Peng is celebrated mainly in northern Thailand, especially in Chiang Mai.

Yi Peng Festival

Loy Krathong Festival

Experience Loy Krathong Festival with Asia Highlights

If you would like to experience the Loy Krathong Festival, please feel free to contact us at Asia Highlights. From the moment you arrive, we will have everything prepared for you including your transportation, hotels, meals, and festival ceremony entrance tickets. We can customize your festival experience to suit your pace, taste, and schedule.

Bangkok - Chiang Mai - Phuket

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What is Loy Krathong Festival? - Meaning, Traditions & Best Places

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Loy Krathong Festival is known as the Thai Festival of Lights. Find out everything about Loi Krathong Festival in Thailand: origins, facts, dates, meaning, and traditions.

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1. Project, J. (n.d.-c). Thai in Malaysia. Joshua Project. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11277/MY

2. Thai New Year returns this month with water fights and parties. euronews. (n.d.). https://www.euronews.com/travel/2023/04/14/what-is-songkran-everything-you-need-to-know-about-thailands-wet-and-wild-new-year-celebra#:~:text=Songkran%2C%20or%20Thai%20New%20Year,the%20lunisolar%20Theravada%20Buddhist%20calendar.

3. The culture and custom of the Siamese community of Pengkalan Hulu, perak: Wedding. (n.d.). https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/culture/dis/105

4. YouTube. (2019, October 24). Thailand Loy Krathong Lantern Festival story and how people celebrate it. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eau-IS8gAgo

5. What is Loy Krathong Festival? - meaning, traditions & best places. (n.d.). https://www.asiahighlights.com/thailand/loy-krathong-festival#:~:text=Loy%20Krathong%20Festival%20is%20an,lanterns%20or%20Krathongs%20on%20waterways.