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In my understanding, health is having a state of physical, mental and social well-being and being able to access help where needed. I feel very privileged to be able to have a good state of mental, physical and social well-being. (Source)

being healthy is having the right amount of food sources and vitamins in the food, my definition of health is eating vegetables, rice and meat as a healthy balanced meal.

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The country that I have chosen to focus on is Afghanistan. Afghanistan is a country that is located in the Middle East. Afghanistan is known as a country that presents with lots of terrorist attacks in the country and has unsafe living conditions, making it hard to live a healthy and stable life.

In Australia, approximately more than 17,272 refugee visas were granted, 15,350 offshore humanitarian visas were granted and 1,922 protection visas were granted to Afghanistan People

Some of the diseases that Australia usually check before refugees arrive in Australia from Afghanistan are Malaria and HIV, these are just a few of many tests that are conducted before their entry into Australia.

Malaria: Malaria is a disease that is caused by parasites such as mosquitos, this is because the mosquitos feed off the human blood and you develop severe vomiting, shaking and chills.
Treatment: There are various medications that are available when treating malaria such as Artemether and lumefantrine.

HIV: HIV is a disease that attacks the body's immune system through used/sharing needles, any contact with infected blood, or any illicit drugs.
Treatment: Antiretroviral therapy is one of the treatments that are available to treat HIV and AIDS, it is a life long medication and should be taken as soon as you find out if you have HIV or AIDS.
source: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) » Australian refugee health. (2023). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hiv/

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In my country Zambia, our traditional staple food is known as Nshima, it is usually served with meat, vegetables, soup or fish. Nshima is commonly served as lunch and dinner and some also tend to eat it for breakfast too as it is very filling and prepares you for the full day.

In my family, we eat this for dinner and lunch on some occasions, my mum taught me how to cook it and she is also teaching my sister how to cook it too, to ensure we both stay connected with our culture's food.

when it comes to health and looking at the Australian health guidelines, Nshima with meat and vegetables has a lot of what is involved in the Health guidelines, such as poultry, vegetables, meat and maize meal which is corn pounded and turned into powder.

How to make Nshima
1. First boil water in a kettle
2. place the maize meal in a pot
3. pour cold water into the pot of maize meal
4. put it on the stove, pour hot water in the pot and stir until it is all mixed
5. when it begins to bubble, start to add more maize meal to the pot and stir vigorously with a wooden cooking stick
6. continue adding more maize meal and string until it becomes hard with a soft feel to it.
7. then use a metal scoop and place the nshima into the warmer to keep it warm.
8. Enjoy served with meat, soups, fish or vegetables
(Sources: by me)

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For the most important aspect that was recognised in the curtural responsive clincal response pdf from Domain 7 was standard 12.3, this is because it showcases how clinicans should treat their patients that come from refugees and migrant backgrounds. clinicians should always abide by the ethical standards principle when it comes to sityations like that. I have developed an understanding of how clinicians shouldn't be biased, they should have good and effective communication, they should focus on patient centred care and towards the patients family and providing quality and safe standards when adhearing to patients with refugge backgrounds. I know feel like i would be able to incorporate this in my education as i go on placement and in my jobs as an immigrant myself. I would be able to understand where the patient is coming from and be able to assist them to their comfort. This skill is important to me because my job role meeting different people from different backgrounds is part of the job, therefore understanding refugee and imigrant i would be able to curlturly provide assistance towards them. initially, i had a good understanding of how to be curtually responisve towards refugges and immigrants because my parents came here as immigrants which also makes me an immigrant being born oversease.

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Robort V. (2013). West African plants- A photo guide-Maytenus senegalensis [photograph ]. West African plants. http://www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de/root/

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In Zambia, many different plants are used to help different illnesses that can be found in the bush for people who don't have proper access to medical facilities, or any income, especially the elders.

Botanical Name: Maytenus senegalensis Exell
Vernacular name: Mutungwa
This plant is used to treat a disease called Gonorrhea and it flushes out unwanted bacteria that reside in your system.
how is it used: You boil the bark, roots and leaves of the plant and take it orally 3 times a day
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source: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) » Australian refugee health. (2023). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629918306860. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hiv/

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Three of the social determinants of heath impact refugees and immigrants when they move to Australia.

Education: Education is one of the social determinants of health that may impact how they live in Australia because coming from different countries and some that are non-English speaking countries, this means understanding English in school and jobs may be challenging for them. As well as if they have completed education prior to coming to Australia they may have to complete more education to meet the requirements of the Australian education system.

Working life condition: Another social determinant that may affect refugees is working life conditions, because they are coming from another country, they may also have limited knowledge on how to apply for jobs, how to apply for houses and other amenities that are needed to have a stable work-life balance as well.

Access to affordable health services of decent quality: In some cases refugees that migrate to Australia by boat and arrive at refugee camps usually have health stands set up for checkups ready to be provided to them, especially if they are from a country that has high cases of a certain disease. When it comes to immigrants that migrate here for studies, work and so forth it may cost them a lot of their income just to be able to see a doctor at the local medical centre, therefore it affects how they live and how access their health facilities and medicines.
Source: UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency. (2023). UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/countries/australia