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For me, good health means more than just not being sick. It's about finding a balance in my body, mind, and social life. When these aspects work well together, I feel my best and live a vibrant life.

Jackson, D. (n.d.). Definitions of health. HSC PDHPE. https://pdhpe.net/better-health-for-individuals/what-does-health-mean-to-individuals/meanings-of-health/definitions-of-health/

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The principal health issues that refugees face

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The principal health issues that refugees face

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In the 1800s, Indian immigrants to Australia were primarily laborers accompanying British citizens, engaged in jobs such as hawkers and agricultural workers (Indian Culture - Indians in Australia, n.d.). However, strict immigration policies in the early 20th century limited Indian entry, except for British colonials (Indian Culture - Indians in Australia, n.d.). As these restrictions eased, a diverse influx of Indian professionals, including doctors, engineers, and tech experts, migrated, leading to the rapid growth of the Indian community in Australia, now among the top five migrant groups (Indian Culture - Indians in Australia, n.d.).

Three common concerns listed in the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide which are likely to be present in people arriving from India are low vitamin D, Hepatitis B, and iron deficiency (Australian Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds, n.d.).

One treatment available to refugees from India who have a deficiency of vitamin D involves restoring their levels to a normal range. This can be achieved through either daily dosing or high-dose therapy. It is essential to ensure adequate calcium intake and provide advice about sun exposure and self-management, as outlined in the ASID/RHeaNA Low Vitamin D (Refugee Health Assessment» Australian Refugee Health, n.d.).

For refugees from India who have tested positive for hepatitis B, one protocol involves scheduling a clinical assessment, conducting necessary blood tests, and performing an abdominal ultrasound. Additionally, it's essential to ensure that non-immune household contacts and sexual partners are vaccinated. Testing for and vaccination against hepatitis A should also be considered, following the guidelines outlined in the ASID/RHeaNA Immunisation (Refugee Health Assessment» Australian Refugee Health, n.d.).

One treatment available to refugees from India who have iron deficiency is providing iron supplementation when their iron levels are below 15 µg/L (or below the reference range for children) or when clinical and haematological features indicate iron deficiency anaemia. Additionally, educating them about the importance of an iron-rich diet and advising against excessive dairy intake in children is part of the approach (Refugee Health Assessment» Australian Refugee Health, n.d.).

Indian Culture - Indians in Australia. (n.d.). Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/indian-culture/indian-culture-indians-in-australia

Refugee health assessment» Australian Refugee Health. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/refugee-health-assessment/

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Neem, scientifically known as Azadirachta indica, is a swiftly growing tree from the mahogany family (Petruzzello, 2019). Originating in the Indian subcontinent and arid regions of South Asia, it is prized for its medicinal properties, natural pesticides, and timber resources (Petruzzello, 2019). This plant, used in ancient and traditional medicine, is also employed in cosmetics and organic farming (Petruzzello, 2019).

Petruzzello, M. (2019). neem | Description & Uses. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/plant/neem-tree

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Across cultures, unique comfort foods exist, and for Indians, dal, a creamy and mild lentil stew, is a cherished option suitable for both breakfast and dinner (Masterclass, 2021). Among these, dal makhani is particularly renowned, standing out as a popular and delicious choice in Indian culinary traditions (Masterclass, 2021).

Masterclass. (2021). All About Indian Cuisine: The Most Popular Dishes and Where to Start. Masterclass. https://www.masterclass.com/articles/all-about-indian-cuisine-the-most-popular-dishes-and-where-to-start

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Kathak, originating from northern India, is a profoundly emotive dance representing themes of love (Eldridge, 2019). Both men and women perform it, showcasing intricate footwork complemented by ankle bells and stylized gestures inspired by everyday movements (Eldridge, 2019).

Eldridge, A. (2019). 6 Classical Dances of India. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/list/6-classical-dances-of-india

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The traditional music of North India, called Hindustani Sangeet or Hindustani Sangit, is prevalent in a region stretching from parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan to northern and central India and even as far as Bangladesh (Indian Century - North and South Indian Classical Music, n.d.). It is often thought to be a blend of Hindu musical traditions and Persian performance techniques (Indian Century - North and South Indian Classical Music, n.d.).

Indian Century - North and South Indian Classical Music. (n.d.). Www.indiancentury.com. Retrieved October 6, 2023, from https://www.indiancentury.com/musicnorth.htm

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India's Pride: The Breathtaking Taj Mahal

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India's Pride: The Breathtaking Taj Mahal

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The Taj Mahal, situated in Agra, northern India, is a breathtaking mausoleum complex (Britannica, 2019). Commissioned by Emperor Shah Jahan between 1631 and 1658, it stands as a timeless tribute to his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who passed away in 1631 after being his devoted companion since their marriage in 1612 (Britannica, 2019).

Britannica. (2019). Taj Mahal | Definition, Story, History, & Facts. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Taj-Mahal

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Embracing Competency Standard 12 has had a profound impact on my nursing practice, enhancing my ability to address the unique needs of each patient (Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK for CLINICIANS, 2019). One of the ways I apply this competency standard is through continuous self-reflection (Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK for CLINICIANS, 2019). I regularly reflect on my own cultural values, beliefs, and biases and recognizing my own cultural background has made me mindful of potential differences in perspectives between my patients and me (Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK for CLINICIANS, 2019). By cultivating self-awareness, I can provide impartial and respectful care, crucial in the workplace for personal growth, decision-making, interpersonal dynamics, and job performance (Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK for CLINICIANS, 2019).

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. (2019). https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Impact social determinants have on migrants or refugees in Australia

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Impact social determinants have on migrants or refugees in Australia

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Food insecurity

Food insecurity is a critical social determinant that influences the health of migrants and refugees, both in the short-term and long-term (Coalition, 2021). It can lead to insufficient intake of essential nutrients, resulting in malnutrition and an increased risk of developing chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, obesity, depression, and cancer (Coalition, 2021).

Housing, basic amenities, and the environment

Research into the housing challenges faced by refugees in Australia reveals a range of obstacles (Fozdar & Banki, 2017). These include a scarcity of affordable accommodations in the private rental sector, extended waiting periods and stricter eligibility criteria for public housing, a decrease in available public housing options, a limited understanding of tenancy matters, and the requirement to have employment to secure rental or mortgage agreements (Fozdar & Banki, 2017).

Social inclusion and non-discrimination

Migrants often face discrimination, stigmatization, and xenophobia, issues closely linked to inequalities, which can both contribute to and be a consequence of social exclusion, a key factor acknowledged as a social determinant of health (Davies et al., 2006).

World Health Organization. (2023). Social determinants of health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

Coalition, A. R. T. F. (2021, June 23). Food insecurity in refugees and asylum seekers: Australia’s Right to Food Coalition. Right to Food Coalition. https://righttofood.org.au/food-insecurity-in-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-australia/

Fozdar, F., & Banki, S. (2017, January 1). Settling refugees in Australia: achievements and challenges. https://scite.ai/reports/10.1504/ijmbs.2017.081197

Davies, A., Basten, A., & Frattini, C. (2006). Migration: A Social Determinant of the Health of Migrants International Organization for Migration (IOM) Background Paper Assisting Migrants and Communities (AMAC) Project Background Paper. https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/sites/default/files/2009-10/docl_9914_392596992.pdf

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(Diwali Festival in India Year Is One of Its Many Traditions | 24x7 Breaking News, n.d.)

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Diwali, a major Hindu celebration, marks Lord Rama's homecoming after a 14-year exile, representing fresh starts and new beginnings (10 Major Indian Festivals: A Quick Guide, 2020). Across the country, people honor Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Ganesha, and in places like West Bengal and Odisha, Kali Puja is held at night (10 Major Indian Festivals: A Quick Guide, 2020). Sikhs commemorate the event as Bandi Chor Diwas, illuminating the Golden Temple in Amritsar with ornate lights and fireworks (10 Major Indian Festivals: A Quick Guide, 2020).

Diwali festival in India year is one of its many traditions | 24x7 Breaking News. (n.d.). Diwali Festival in India Year Is One of Its Many Traditions | 24x7 Breaking News. Retrieved October 8, 2023, from https://24x7-breakingnews.blogspot.com/2020/11/diwali-festival-in-india-year-is-one-of.html