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Made by Saranjote Boparai, working individually 

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Made by Saranjote Boparai, working individually 

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Definition: People use pseudoscience to garner fame and money. They often target vulnerable individuals

Connection: Most people who claim to be a medium or psychic are motivated by money like Rev. Dorota Clifford. To be able to have a 30-minute session with her, it will cost you $100(you can also buy merchandise and other services.). People who do have a session with a psychic should go in there with a Sceptical mind and use critical thinking to make sure they aren't fooled and are able to recognize their own biases.

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Definition: Something that originates from centuries ago that has not changed since its inception.

Connection: Alchemy, as it was traditionally practised, has not progressed. There have been no advancements in the field since the inception of chemistry. None of the original goals were ever met(creating the elixir of life and the Philosopher's Stone). Alchemy and chemistry are also not the same thing. Alchemy is the ancient belief of using magical methods to create results whereas chemistry uses the scientific method.

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Definition: People who are blinded by their faith and refuse to acknowledge evidence as science is unable to explain mystical events.

Connection: Researchers at Goldsmiths, University of London conducted an experiment to figure out whether mediums can use psychic abilities. After using the scientific method and concluding that they can not use psychic abilities one of the mediums stated that the experiment "doesn't prove a thing". Many believers online agreed with her stating that science can't explain mythical abilities. They all were unable to use critical thinking to recognize their own bias because of group  thinking.

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Sean CoughlanBBC News education correspondent

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University researchers test the abilities of two professional mediums and find they are unable to demonstrate they have psychic powers.

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Definition: Targeting people that are emotionally vulnerable

Connection: Many grief stricken people go to Mediums to have them talk to their loved ones as a way to connect to them one last time. They will purposely target these people as they are vulnerable and won't be able to use critical thinking to realise they are being fooled.

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medium talking to the dead - Google Search

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Definition: Mystical energy is the basis for most pseudoscience. The mystical energy can be life force, Chi, Mana, and etc.

Connection: The image above is what many believe to be chakra points. The pathway for each chakra point in our body is blocked and needs to be unlocked to allow mystical energy to flow. They can be unlocked by doing meditation.

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naruto body meditation foot hand byakugan earth acupuncture energy back

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Definition: Is the use of a credible figure to lend credibility to a product.

Connection: The picture above shows an advertisement for Viceroys cigarettes where a dentist is saying they recommend Viceroys. The advertisement is using an influential figure to show that cigarettes are healthy and good for you. If it wasn't good for you a dentist wouldn't recommend it.  This can easily be disproved by using critical thinking

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Definition: People only look for or acknowledge the evidence that confirms their beliefs and refuse to acknowledge evidence that proves them wrong.

Connection: Many people who visit fortune tellers only remember the “hits” and forget about the “misses”. By only remembering the “hits” they are only confirming their own bias. To avoid this they should use the critical thinking process to recognize their bias and evaluate the evidence to come to a conclusion.

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Definition: Products that are created from natural ingredients.

Connection: Many believe that all natural products are better for you, especially medicine. They believe that some herbs can detox your body from any disease.  It has been debunked thousands of times that it is not better for you and it could actually be harmful to your body. None of the claims they made could be reproduced or verified.

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Definition: The belief that ancient people had a better understanding about a topic than we do now.

Connection: Bloodletting is the ancient practice of withdrawing blood from a patient to cure a sickness or disease. it's incorrect to think that ancients had more knowledge about medical practices than modern-day physicians. We have made significant advancements in the medical industry since the creation of clinical trials.

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Several thousand years ago, whether you were an Egyptian with migraines or a feverish Greek, chances are your doctor would try one first-line treatment before all others: bloodletting.

The doctor would open a vein with a lancet or sharpened piece of wood, causing blood to flow out and into a waiting receptacle. If you got lucky, leeches might perform the gruesome task in place of crude instruments.

Considered one of medicine's oldest practices, bloodletting is thought to have originated in ancient Egypt. It then spread to Greece, where physicians such as Erasistratus, who lived in the third century B.C., believed that all illnesses stemmed from an overabundance of blood, or plethora. (Erasistratus also thought arteries transported air rather than blood, so at least some of his patients' blood vessels were spared his eager blade.)

In the second century A.D., the influential Galen of Pergamum expanded on Hippocrates' earlier theory that good health required a perfect balance of the four "humors"-blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. His writings and teachings made bloodletting a common technique throughout the Roman empire. Before long it flourished in India and the Arab world as well.

In medieval Europe, bloodletting became the standard treatment for various conditions, from plague and smallpox to epilepsy and gout. Practitioners typically nicked veins or arteries in the forearm or neck, sometimes using a special tool featuring a fixed blade and known as a fleam.

In 1163 a church edict prohibited monks and priests, who often stood in as doctors, from performing bloodletting, stating that the church "abhorred" the procedure. Partly in response to this injunction, barbers began offering a range of services that included bloodletting, cupping, tooth extractions, lancing and even amputations-along with, of course, trims and shaves. The modern striped barber's pole harkens back to the bloodstained towels that would hang outside the offices of these "barber-surgeons."

As hairdressers lanced veins in an attempt to cure Europeans' ailments, in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica bloodletting was believed to serve a very different purpose. Maya priests and rulers used stone implements to pierce their tongues, lips, genitals and other soft body parts, offering their blood in sacrifice to their gods. Blood loss also allowed individuals to enter trance-like states in which they reportedly experienced visions of deities or their ancestors.

Bloodletting as a medical procedure became slightly less agonizing with the advent in the 18th century of spring-loaded lancets and the scarificator, a device featuring multiple blades that delivered a uniform set of parallel cuts. Respected physicians and surgeons extolled the practice, generously prescribing it to their most esteemed patients.

Marie-Antoinette, for instance, seemed to benefit from a healthy dose of bloodletting while giving birth to her first child, Marie-Thérèse, in 1778, 14 years before the guillotine would shed more of the queen's blood. As an excited crowd thronged her bedchamber, hoping to witness a dauphin's arrival, the mother-to-be fainted, prompting her surgeon to wield his lancet. Marie-Antoinette immediately revived after the bloodletting-perhaps because the windows were simultaneously opened to let in fresh air.

America's first president was less fortunate than France's most infamous queen. On December 13, 1799, George Washington awoke with a bad sore throat and began to decline rapidly. A proponent of bloodletting, he asked to be bled the next day, and physicians drained an estimated 5 to 7 pints in less than 16 hours. Despite their best efforts, Washington died on December 14, leading to speculation that excessive blood loss contributed to his demise. Bloodletting has also been implicated in the death of Charles II, who was bled from the arm and neck after suffering a seizure in 1685.

By the late 1800s new treatments and technologies had largely edged out bloodletting, and studies by prominent physicians began to discredit the practice. Today it remains a conventional therapy for a very small number of conditions. The use of leeches, meanwhile, has experienced a renaissance in recent decades, particularly in the field of microsurgery.

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A Brief History of Bloodletting | HISTORY

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As researchers announce that bloodletting might have some benefits after all, find out more about this ancient treatment's long history.

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Definition: Meaning given to invisible beings.

Connection: The image above is of a spirit box used to talk to and understand spectres. The critical thinking process has been used multiple times to debunk the functionality of this tool.

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Definition: Something that is unable to be explained due to lack of understanding or information

Connection: Bigfoot sightings are often unable to be explained. It could be possible due to a critical thinking barrier or lack of information. Online many individuals fall prey to group-thinking and they are unable to use critical thinking.

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Definition: Someone that is unable to rational think to due intense emotions

Connection: As stated before some individuals that claim to be psychics target emotionally vulnerable individuals because they are easily manipulated. They are unable to use critical thinking or be sceptical to debunk the information they are being told.

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psychic talking to ghost - Google Search