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https://www.seeker.com/helpful-humpback-whales-altruistic-animal-photos-1769918539.html

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Cooperation within and between different animal species has its advantages for all parties involved.

Published on 8/3/2016 at 4:25 PM

A recent study published in the journal Marine Mammal Science investigated an interesting premise: the possibility that humpback whales display altruism, given the many stories of the giant creatures seeming to "help" other species such as seals. This 2009 account in Natural History Magazine is a good example of the phenomenon (in the photo above, a killer whale can be seen at center, next to a seal on an ice floe while a humpback whale looms in the foreground. Credit: J. Durban).

That story spawned the new study, which examined more than 100 humpback whale and orca interactions from various published and anecdotal accounts. When all was said and done, the researchers noted multiple instances of humpback whales rushing to the scene of attacks by the killer whales on animals of a species other than their own.

The researchers said that while it made sense for humpbacks to defend their own calves, they had nothing to gain by meddling in attacks on other species. Were they displaying altruism? "Although reciprocity or kin selection might explain communal defense of conspecific calves, there was no apparent benefit to humpbacks continuing to interfere when other species were being attacked. Interspecific altruism, even if unintentional," the scientists wrote, "could not be ruled out."

Is it surprising that animals might practice a bit of altruism? Maybe it shouldn't be. In fact the animal world is full of species you might not expect to be quite so selfless. Read on for more.

Rats aren't exactly known for their social graces. Certainly where there is one rat, there are bound to be many more, and rats in a large-enough group can create swarms at cause plagues.

Humans typically associate rats with selfish behavior, however. Consider the idiomatic expressions related to rodents. "To rat" on someone means to speak out against an individual's bad behavior to enhance one's own reputation. "A rat race" refers to a fiercely competitive struggle.

Rats do exhibit selfless behavior, find researchers at Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, in Lisbon, Portugal. Experimenters placed rats into pairs and provided one of the rats a choice: open one door and get a food morsel for yourself; open another and both rats receive a reward. Out of 15 rats tested, all but one made unselfish choices consistently.

The rats in fact selected the prosocial outcome around 70 percent of the time. These findings are in line with previous studies that show rats seem to have each other's back. They will attempt to free a trapped comrade and exhibit pain and anxiety responses at the sight of another rat in distress.

Red squirrels may be furry and cute, but they're typically solitary and territorial animals. Red squirrels set out on their own between nine and 11 weeks of age. From then on, the only interactions they have with other squirrels are when squirrels pair up to mate and care for their young. Despite their isolation from one another, scientists who published a 2010 study in the journal Nature Communications found that red squirrels will adopt their relatives

if the mother dies while caring for her young. Squirrel adoption is an exceedingly rare event, however; the researchers only observed five cases out among more than 2,000 litters over two-decade-long period.

Dogs famously are referred to as man's best friend, but there are other species as well with whom dogs have established friendships. Like red squirrels, dogs will take in orphans in need of a parent's care and attention. Unlike red squirrels, dogs don't necessarily care whether the animal is a family member or even a member of the same species. Dogs have been documented adopting kittens, baby foxes, tiger cubs, fawns, ducklings, lambs and more. This behavior is selflessly altruistic, as the dog couldn't expect any benefit from caring for a member of another species.

Dolphins are animals that may as well swim in a conga line because they always seem to have each other's backs... or dorsal fins as the case may be.

The American Naturalist published a study in 1982 documenting the ways researchers observed dolphins supporting other members of their pod. If one dolphin were injured, another might stay behind to act as a guardian, potentially exposing itself to predators. If a dolphin were enfeebled and couldn't easily surface for air, another might swim underneath and provide a nudge for the assist.

Given that a single colony can include up to tens of millions of members, ants certainly possess teamwork skills. This trait can be credited for giving ants a foothold on every continent except Antarctica. Colony unity depends on individual ants working to fulfill their respective roles. Sterile worker ants, for example, will care for the offspring of the queen of a colony. Some ants go even further, however, giving up their lives for the sake of the colony. When they fall ill or are near death, worker ants of the species Temnothorax unifasciatus will leave the colony and spend the last of their energy getting as far away as possible in order to prevent illness from spreading, found a study published in 2010 in the journal Current Biology.

Similar to ants, honeybees operate as a kind of superorganism with a well-defined hierarchy. The queen is on top, and the worker bees and drones spend their lives supporting the colony, toiling within an age-based system determining division of labor. Given that the queen is the lynchpin for the entire colony, it's fair to assume her absence would lead to anarchy.

A study published in the journal Current Biology/url], however, found that honeybees can function even in the absence of the queen through which they are all related. In the absence of a queen bee, a number of workers will split their time between reproduction, an arguably selfish but metabolically challenging task, and foraging and defense duties, prosocial but risky. The specialists become generalists to try to keep the colony buzzing. Unfortunately, unless the colony was in the midst of raising a new queen before the old one died, a queenless colony is a doomed enterprise, as workers can only produce male drones. Once all of the worker bees are gone, the colony collapses.

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Published on 8/3/2016 at 4:25 PM A recent study published in the journal Marine Mammal Science investigated an interesting premise: the possibility that humpback whales display altruism, given the many stories of the giant creatures seeming to "help" other species such as seals.

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https://www.takefoto.cn/news/2023/05/31/10449412.shtml

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8年前的5月30日，消防员杨科璋在灭火救援时壮烈牺牲。当战友找到他时，他仰面躺地，胸前的双手紧紧环抱着被救的女孩。小女孩除头部擦伤外没有任何损伤，可他却因伤势过重牺牲，年仅27岁。

"大姐，我救你女儿出去，你放心！"

在进入火场前，他对一位母亲说了这样最后一句话说。

2015年5月29日深夜，玉林市新民社区一栋民宅突然起火，浓烟中，杨科璋抱着女孩儿找出口，不慎从五楼摔下。

坠楼瞬间，他用身体死死护住女孩儿，直到生命最后一刻。当战友找到他时，他仰面躺地，胸前的双手紧紧环抱着被救的女孩。小女孩除头部擦伤外没有任何损伤，可他却因伤势过重牺牲，年仅27岁。

致敬英雄，致敬逆行者
（原标题：坠楼瞬间他用身体死死护住小女孩 致敬英雄，致敬逆行者) 来源：新华网 流程编辑：TF019
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坠楼瞬间他用身体死死护住小女孩！27岁的他用生命完成最后一次救援_北晚在线

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8年前的5月30日，消防员杨科璋在灭火救援时壮烈牺牲。当战友找到他时，他仰面躺地，胸前的双手紧紧环抱着被救的女孩。小女孩除头部擦伤外没有任何损伤，可他却因伤势过重牺牲，年仅27岁。 "大姐，我救你女儿出去，你放心！" 在进入火场前，他对一位母亲说了这样最后一句话说。 2015年5月29日深夜，玉林市新民社区一栋民宅突然起火，浓烟中，杨科璋抱着女孩儿找出口，不慎从五楼摔下。 ...

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California man fatally hit by vehicle after helping ducks cross the road

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California man fatally hit by vehicle after helping ducks cross the road

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https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/may/23/california-man-killed-ducks-road-cross

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California man fatally hit by vehicle after helping ducks cross the road

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Casey Rivara stopped his car at a red light to help the birds to safety, but was struck by another driver as he made his way back

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https://studiousguy.com/pure-altruism-examples/

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Altruism refers to the selfless acts that an individual does for the wellness or the safety of others without seeking any personal benefits. Donating money to needy people or the NGOs, blood donation, helping strangers tackle their problems, and other similar acts that do not involve any self-benefits are examples of altruism. Now, the question arises what is pure altruism? Well, pure altruism or true altruism refers to altruistic acts that the person does for others without seeking any cognitive or materialistic awards even when the act can cost a lot to the helper. For example, saving the life of the other individual at the risk of our own life is an optimum example of pure altruism. In this article, we'll learn about the various other examples of pure altruism, and try to understand whether pure altruism does exist in reality or not. So, let's get started.

Examples of Pure Altruism

1. Manchester Terrorist Attack, 2017

It's an incident of 22 May 2017, when an Islamist terrorist group attacked the Manchester Arena after the singing concert of the pop star Ariana Grande. During this attack, a terrorist exploded a homemade suicidal bomb. In this attack, 23 people got killed including some of the attackers too, and 1017 got injured, most of them were children. Amidst this horrific attack that questioned the existence of humanity, there were also some stories of the brave, kind and selfless acts of some people that strengthened the belief in humanity. A doctor who was off-duty and leaving the venue came back to help the victims. There were many teenagers at the concert, they were confused and panicked. A lady saw this and guided them to a safe area, she also shared her number on social media to make it easy for the parents to contact her and pick up their children. The taxi drivers of the city shut off their fare meters that day, and they helped the people near the attacked area to reach a safe area. The following statement was given by a person who witnessed this attack,

There was an unbelievable amount of people doing what they could to help. I saw people pulling together in a way I have never seen before. The thing I will remember more than any other is the humanity that was on display. People were catching each other's eye, asking if they were okay, touching shoulders, looking out for one another."

2. London Street Incident, 2015

Several examples show people indulging in acts of altruism in emergencies. One such incident happened on London street in 2015. A cyclist got stuck under the wheels of a bus and was unable to come out. Out of the crowd, nearly 100 people came for the help of cyclists, they coordinated together and lifted the heavy bus. In this way, they managed to free the cyclist.

3. Chile Highway Incident, 2009

On 9 February 2009, someone posted a video of a dog helping another dog who got injured in an accident on the Chile highway, and this video was shared by millions of people and everyone was amazed by the altruistic acts of the helper dog. Presumably, this video was recorded on the surveillance cameras of the highway. In this video, a dog was crossing the crowded highway, and suddenly it was hit by a car. The dog fell on the highway right after the accident. All the other vehicles were crossing near the injured dog and nobody bothered to help it. A few moments later, another dog who was passing near that highway saw the injured dog, and he went near to that dog. The dog dragged the injured dog from the highway to the safer side of the road having less traffic. This altruistic action of the dog was praised by millions of viewers. The helper dog itself was at risk of being hit by the vehicles as the highway was heavily crowded but still, it dared to drag the injured dog.

4. Charlie Kees's Act of Pure Altruism

Saving the life of the other person at the cost of risking our own life is no doubt an act of pure altruism. A person named Charles kees also performed a similar act of pure altruism to save the life of an athlete Yukiko Marth. One morning in September 1999, Yukiko woke up and realized that her legs were swollen and she faced difficulty in walking. She thought that it could be because she was practising continuously for her volleyball match for the last few days. But, when the pain did not stop, she consulted the doctor and underwent certain tests upon the doctor's recommendation. Little did she know that she was a patient with acute glomerulonephritis, and her kidneys were only 15 per cent operating. Yukiko went on dialysis just in a few days, and her health was deteriorating day by day. She was only left with the one last option that could save her life which was a kidney transplant. However, the problem was that the cadaverous kidney transplant (kidney transplant using the kidney from a dead body) is a time-consuming process and it could take up to three years in Yukiko Marth's case. Marth lost all her hopes of surviving. Then, Charlie Kees, with whom Marth used to play volleyball sometimes came as a hope for Yukiko. Charlie said that he has seen the passion that Yukiko has for his sport, and this motivated him to donate his kidney to her. Fortunately, the reports of both the Yukiko and Kees were okay, and their blood types were a perfect match for the kidney transplant. Doctors conducted a safe kidney transplant on 28 June 2001, and Marth got relief from the unbearable pain of the dialysis. Kees and Marth recovered very soon after the transplant. A month after the surgery, Marth was able to join the court. Marth even won the gold in United States Transplant Games, 2002.

I knew where she had been as an athlete, and I was watching her body become deteriorated and emaciated and constantly tethered to a machine. And my only thought was if there was any way I could help her get back to where she had been, I wanted to do it. It just felt like something I was supposed to do. It felt like it was my purpose to help."- Charlie Kees

5. Helping the Jews

In human history, the Jewish holocaust is considered one of the most brutal incidents. Nearly two-thirds of the total population of Jews in Europe were killed in this holocaust. The orders were passed by Nazi Germany that nobody was permitted to retaliate against the holocaust or help the Jewish else strict actions would be taken against them. However, even after such strict rules and laws some people still dared to help the Jewish by providing them with necessities and shelter. This act of helping others by risking their own life can be considered an ideal example of pure altruism.

6. London Bridge Incident, 2019

Darry Frost, a civil servant, gained popularity in the media after displaying an altruistic and brave act that saved the lives of thousands of civilians. It was an incident in 2019 when the attacker Britson Usman Khan started attacking people attending a seminar at Fishmongers Hall, London. He was carrying the Knives and also wearing a suicide vest. This scared the people and even some of the police officers, out of fear nobody dared to chase the attacker. However, Frost intervened even when he was not carrying any weapons for his defence. He took the narwhal tusk presented on the nearby wall to use it as a weapon and ran after the Khan. The attacker was then shot by the police on the London Bridge. Frost was aware that the attacker was carrying the knives and also wearing the suicide vest still he risked his life for the safety of the others, no doubt its an act of pure altruism.

7. Helping the Enemy

Pure altruism involves performing the helping acts solely for the purpose of the other's wellness or safety without hoping for anything in return. A similar act was displayed by a military doctor towards a troop of the enemy nation. It's an incident of the Battle of Bulge between the United States and Germany; The United States Army sergeant, Iowan Elmer was leading the troops of his team. However, he was attacked by the German troops, and he got a bullet shot in his stomach. The German troops captured him and took him to their camp, where a German doctor named Ludwig Gruber who was treating the german soldiers injured in the war, saw Elmor's condition and couldn't control himself from helping him. While he was doing Elmer's treatment, the commander of the military hospital saw this and told Gruber for not treating the enemy soldier. Gruber did not pay attention to what the commander said, and he begin Elmer's treatment. While Elmer was still under the treatment of the Germans, the army captain of the United States arrived at the German camp to negotiate with the German captain. After some hours of discussion both agreed to stop the bombing. Unfortunately, Elmer died within a week due to serious injuries, but the compassionate and altruistic act of Dr Gruber was one of the other important factors that forced the United States officers to go for the negotiate with the German officers and arrived at a decision that was beneficial for both the parties.

8. Wesley Autrey: Subway Hero

Wesley Autrey, a New York construction worker and a Navy Veteran who gained popularity in the media in 2007 for displaying an act of pure altruism towards a stranger. It's an incident of 2 January 2007, when Wesley Autrey along with his two daughters was waiting for his subway at the Manhattan subway station. Autrey noticed that a man, Cameron Hollopeter, suffered from a seizure. Without wasting any time, Autrey ran for the help of Hollopeter and he borrowed a pen from someone to keep his jaws Hollopeter open, which is a first-aid step of the seizure. While Autrey was still doing the first-aid, Hollopeter stumbled and fall onto the subway tracks. While Hollopeter was lying on the tracks, Autrey observed the lights of a train approaching the Hollopeter. Autrey tried to drag Hollopeter out of the tracks but he didn't have enough time. Then he suddenly dragged Hollopeter to the trench between the subway tracks and held him firmly there for the moment the train passed from the track near them. Wesley risked his life to save Hollopeter's life, due to this act Wesley is popular with the various heroic names such as The Hero of Harlem, Subway Superman, and Subway Samaritan in the media. He also got featured in the list of 'Time 100 most influential people in the world' 2007 edition; Donald Trump wrote the paragraph about him in the Time Magazine.

9. Air Florida Incident, 1982

Air Florida Flight 90, a domestic flight of the United States was scheduled from Washington National Airport to the Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport on 13 January 1982. But on its way, it crashed into 14th Steet Bridge constructed over the Potomac River. During this crash, the plane hit 7 vehicles running over the bridge and destroyed the guard rail. During the crash, there were 5 crew members and 74 passengers on the plane, out of which only 4 passengers and 1 crew member survived. While the rescue helicopter was helping the passengers, a passenger, Arland Williams showed an amazing act of pure altruism. He was in better health condition than the other passenger, hence he could easily get himself attached to the rope attached to the rescue helicopter and could have reached the safety first. Instead, he helped the others injured passengers to reach safety first. When the rescue helicopter came to help the Williams he was already drowned in the water of the Potomac River. Arland Williams gave his life while helping the other passengers, hence this is surely an example of pure altruism.

10. Professor Liviu Librescu's Act of Altruism

Liviu Librescu was a Romanian-American engineer and scientist. He is popularly known for displaying a brave and altruistic act during the Virginia Tech shooting. He hold the door of his classroom which gave enough time for his students to escape from the window of the classroom and protected themselves from the gunshots of Seun-Hui Cho. But, unfortunately, Librescu himself got died from the bullet of Seung-Hui Cho while rescuing the students and other professors. For this altruistic act, Librescu was posthumously rewarded with Romania's highest civilian honour, the Order of the Star of Romania.

11. Donating Vacation Time for Colleagues

It was an August 1999 incident of a person named David Hutmacher, who worked in an organization in Roswell, Georgia. One day he experiences a stomach ache and went for a checkup. He got to know that he is suffering from an inflammatory disease, diverticulitis. The problem was so severe that Hutmacher underwent two surgeries, and he was admitted to the hospital for three months. He ran out of all his paid sick leaves and vacation time by December 1999. In that month, the company gave him only 10 per cent of his net paycheck. Hutmacher's wife was working in a school and her paycheque was not sufficient to manage the cost of the Hutmacher's treatment and the upbringing of their two daughters. Christmas was near, and Hutmacher knew that it was impossible to join the office before mid-January considering his health condition. Then a miracle happened, Hutmacher received the full paycheque for the next month and also the money that was missing from his last paycheque. Hutmacher was surprised to see that, and he called his company to ask about it. The controller told Hutmacher that all the employees of the organization has donated their vacation time to him. Hutmacher was grateful for this kind act of his co-workers. Hutmacher also got to know that it was Davis's (controller of the organization) idea that encouraged all the employees to donate their vacation time. One of the close colleagues of Hutmacher, went to Davis to donate his vacation time and then Davis thought it is a great way to help Hutmacher manage his financial problem. Davis drafted a mail to all the employees in which he mentioned the surgeries of the Hutmacher and also the financial problems he was facing. Davis deliberately mentioned in the mail that he had also donated his vacation time to motivate the other employees to donate their vacation time too. This idea of Davis worked and Hutmacher received 24 vacation days sufficient for his health recovery.

It's absolutely the greatest gift I've ever gotten. I love my family. I love my children. But my colleagues' generosity has touched me more than anything else, because it was so unexpected and so freely given. That Christmas was one of the best I've ever had." - David Hutmacher

Understanding Motivation Behind the Pure Altruism

You have read several examples above, that show the existence of pure altruism. But, the question arises as that why do people indulge in pure altruism. The question that why people get ready to help others even at the risk of their own lives has been a most talked about question among psychologists and philosophers for years. If we consider the perspective of Charles Darwin, human beings are naturally selfish, and they aim for the survival of their own species. Hence, according to this view, we can understand why do we tend to help those who are genetically close to us, for example, our family members or close relatives. When we show an act of pure altruism towards genetically closer individuals, it may seem like a sacrifice but eventually, it helps our gene pool. This behaviour of helping the closely related species can also be understood in animals, through the kin selection theory. According to the kin selection approach, the survival of species is more crucial than the survival of an individual. This is why certain species sacrifices their life to ensure the safety and wellness of their species. For example, Cellular slime moulds are low-level species that are a cluster of cells, that all lives as individuals until the shortage of food, and then they all combined to formulate a multicellular organism. At this moment, some of the cells self-sacrifice to ensure the existence of the other cells in the multicellular organism.

Now, what is it that motivates the individuals to help the ones who are not genetically related to them? Various theories have been proposed by the theorists to explain this behaviour. Even some of the theorists suggest that pure altruism does not even exist. They claim that we only help strangers if there exist some self-benefits in that helping act. For example, if not materialistic, cognitive benefits like feeling happy, content, and appreciated after performing an altruistic act could be the reason that motivates an individual to help strangers. Some theorists even suggest that an investment strategy, i.e., reciprocal altruism may also be the motivation behind the individuals to indulge in the acts of pure altruism. According to reciprocal altruism, people perform good actions for the welfare or safety of others because they think that they will also receive the favour from the others when they themselves will face any problem in future.

Although we can not deny that the factors like kin selection, cognitive benefits, and reciprocal altruism may be the reasons that encourage people to show pure altruism, many acts of helping that are only encouraged by the empathy of the person can be considered as pure altruism acts. We can say that the idea of pure altruism is influenced by the empathy of the people. Empathy refers to the ability of the person to see and feel the situation from the perspective of the one who is suffering or in distress. It includes feeling the exact emotions and the feelings that the other person is experiencing in a bad situation. Due to empathy, a person automatically indulges in acts of compassion and altruism. When we sense the distress of the other person, we also feel bad, and to avoid that bad feeling we involve in altruistic acts.

Does Pure Altruism Exist?

As we have read in the article above true altruism refers to the acts that an individual does for others without any hope of getting anything in return. However, the idea of true altruism is countered by the psychological egoism theory. According to the psychological egoism theory, people feel motivated to indulge in the acts of helping only when it involves any self-interest. Some claim that every conscious act of helping may be influenced by any one of the two reasons. The person involved in the helping actions only if it gives positive feelings to the one who helps or the person wants to get rid of the negative feelings of not helping. Whatever the case is, the individual is getting the benefit in some or the other way.

Let's consider an example of a person who joins the military. Joining the military is considered an incredible and noble act. The person who joins the military undergoes strict training and never takes a step back from risking his/her life for the sake of his/her nation. The military persons stay away from their families during the mission and are always at the risk of losing their lives in battles. One can say that it's an act of pure altruism. But, let's view it from a different perspective. Although the costs of joining the military are high, there are still benefits involved in joining the military. For example, personal pride, the feeling of serving the nation and the personal satisfaction of patriotic feelings, monetary benefits and retirement plans can be considered as some benefits that a person receives after joining the military. If we consider these personal benefits, we can not say that joining the military is an act of pure altruism.

Now, let us understand another example of 'blood donation.' Blood donation can be considered an act of pure altruism because people spent a lot of hours and experience discomfort while donating their blood hoping that their blood will save someone's life. Well, it may seem that the blood donation does not give anything in return to the donor, but the cognitive rewards can be considered as the motivation behind the people to donate their blood. Let us try to understand this through an example of the Las Vegas Shooting incident that happened on 1 October 2017. Some people were attending a music festival on Las Vegas Strip, Nevada, and then suddenly an old man named Stephen Paddock, aged 64 years opened fire on the crowd from his balcony on the 32 floors of the Mandalay Bay hotel. Reportedly, he shot over the 1000 bullets leading to the death of 60 people and 867 people injured. The motive of this open firing is not yet determined officially because Paddock was found dead in his hotel room due to the willful bullet shot wound. The people of Nevada were shocked after hearing about this horrible incident and wanted to help the injured people in any way they could. Many people donated their blood to the injured people to get relieved from the pain and the guilt of not helping them. By donating their blood, they experienced the positive feelings that they are doing something for the wellness of the sufferers, hence the experience of the positive feelings about oneself can be considered as the motivation to donate blood.

Like these two examples, there are many more similar examples where the altruistic act leads to some level of satisfaction or benefits to the one who performed that act. Some claims that one can not say how an act is a true altruism even if it involves a small degree of benefit. So according to the definition, we can say that pure altruism does not exist. Also, most altruistic acts can be explained through the theory of kin selection and reciprocal altruism. Kin selection theory claims that individuals help others the ensure the survival or wellness of their species, and reciprocal altruism theory claims that people help others with the hope that others will return the favour in future. But, it does not mean that people are selfish and always look for some benefits in each act of helping that they do. Some people do help others because they feel empathy and compassion for the sufferer. As we have read various examples in this article some people even risked their lives for the other's safety. It would be wrong to say that they did those acts for some self-benefits as it seems logically invalid to believe that people will indulge in the certain acts for some self-benefits that will cost them their life. It's hard to describe whether true altruism exists or not, but we can say that any act that costs the helper more than the self-benefits involved in that act of helping can be considered an act of true altruism.

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Altruism refers to the selfless acts that an individual does for the wellness or the safety of others without seeking any personal benefits. Donating money to needy people or the NGOs, blood donation, helping strangers tackle their problems, and other similar acts that do not involve any self-benefits are examples of altruism.

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The parents of Sam Bankman-Fried who got caught in the middle of FTX drama

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The parents of Sam Bankman-Fried who got caught in the middle of FTX drama

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Now Bankman and Fried are under scrutiny for their connections to a business that collapsed amid accusations of fraud and misuse of customer funds. No evidence has emerged linking them to the potentially criminal practices that caused the exchange to implode.

At the height of its corporate power, cryptocurrency exchange FTX convened a group of athletes and celebrities for a charity event in March at the Miami Heat's NBA arena. Local high school students competed for more than $1 million in prizes, pitching "Shark Tank"-style business ideas to a panel of judges that included David Ortiz, a former Boston Red Sox slugger, and Kevin O'Leary, an actual "Shark Tank" host.

But the event's organizer was a figure better known in academic circles - Joseph Bankman, a longtime tax professor at Stanford Law School and father of Sam Bankman-Fried, the now-disgraced founder of FTX.

Wearing a baseball cap with FTX's logo, Bankman walked onstage to help announce the winners of two $500,000 checks. Behind the scenes, he played the role of FTX diplomat, introducing his son to the head of a Florida nonprofit organization that was helping adults in the area set up bank accounts linked to the crypto exchange's platform. Two months later, Bankman-Fried promoted the partnership in testimony to Congress, where he was pushing crypto-friendly legislation.

In the months before FTX filed for bankruptcy, on Nov. 11, Bankman was a prominent cheerleader for the company, helping to shape the narrative that his son was using crypto to save the world by donating to charity and giving low-income people access to the financial system.

Bankman and his wife, Stanford Law professor Barbara Fried, were more than just supportive parents backing their child's business. Bankman was a paid FTX employee who traveled frequently to the Bahamas, where the exchange was based. Fried did not work for the company, but her son was among the donors in a political advocacy network that she orchestrated.

Now Bankman and Fried are under scrutiny for their connections to a business that collapsed amid accusations of fraud and misuse of customer funds. No evidence has emerged linking them to the potentially criminal practices that caused the exchange to implode. But their son was arrested Monday in the Bahamas after U.S. prosecutors filed criminal charges against him, and his fortune has dwindled to almost nothing. The charitable work that Bankman spearheaded has largely collapsed.

The couple's careers have been upended. Fried, 71, resigned last month as chair of the board of a political donor network, Mind the Gap, which she had helped start to support Democratic campaigns and causes. Bankman, 67, has postponed a Stanford class he had been scheduled to teach in the winter, and he has recruited a white-collar criminal defense lawyer to represent him. The family faces huge legal bills, and they have become the subject of gossip on Stanford's campus.

"I had a friend who said, 'You don't want to be seen with them,' " said Larry Kramer, a former dean of the law school and a close friend of the Bankman-Fried family. "I don't see how this doesn't bankrupt them."

In a statement, Risa Heller, a spokesperson for the couple, said that Bankman worked for FTX for 11 months but that Fried had no role in the company. "Joe has spent a lot of his life trying to figure out ways to lift people up out of poverty," Heller said. "Most of his time was spent identifying worthy health-related charities."

Bankman-Fried, 30, said in an interview that his parents "weren't involved in any of the relevant parts" of the business. "None of them were involved in FTX balances or risk management or anything like that," he said.

Long before their son became a billionaire celebrity, Bankman and Fried were popular faculty members at Stanford, where they have taught since the late 1980s. At their home on campus, they regularly hosted Sunday dinners with friends and colleagues, which multiple attendees compared to a modern salon.

A leading taxation expert, Bankman has been an outspoken advocate for simplifying the tax filing system and has testified in Congress on tax matters. He also has a degree in clinical psychology and practices as a therapist.

Fried, who retired this year, is an expert on the intersection of law and philosophy, and has written about effective altruism, the charitable movement embraced by Bankman-Fried that uses data to maximize the benefits of donations. In 2018, she helped start Mind the Gap, hoping to bring "Moneyball"-style analytics to political spending, people familiar with her role in the group said.

The couple's lives transformed after Bankman-Fried started FTX in 2019. He grew the company into a $32 billion business, cultivating a reputation as a hardworking do-gooder who barely slept and intended to donate his fortune to causes backed by the effective altruist movement.

Bankman and Fried supported their son's work, although Fried expressed concerns about his lifestyle. "The sleep worries me," she said in an interview with The New York Times in May. "I just hope that it's not exacting a high price on him."

Bankman-Fried's business and political empire was always a family affair. The FTX founder was a prolific political donor, and he was part of a network of contributors who gave money to groups recommended by Mind the Gap, people familiar with the organization said. He also helped bankroll a nonprofit organization called Guarding Against Pandemics that was run by his 27-year-old brother, Gabe.

Bankman was deeply involved in FTX. In its early days, he helped the company recruit its first lawyers. Last year, he joined FTX staff in meetings on Capitol Hill and advised his son as Bankman-Fried prepared to testify to the House Financial Services Committee, a person familiar with the matter said. FTX employees occasionally consulted him on tax-related matters, the person said.

"From the start, whenever I was useful, I'd lend a hand," Bankman said on an FTX podcast in August.

Bankman visited the FTX offices in the Bahamas as often as once a month, a person who saw him there said. Among the much-younger staff, he cultivated an avuncular persona, regaling employees with stories from his son's youth, the person said. He and Fried stayed in a $16.4 million house in Old Fort Bay, a gated community in Nassau, the capital of the Bahamas; the couple's names appear on real estate documents, according to Reuters, although Bankman-Fried has said the house was "intended to be the company's property."

Heller said Bankman and Fried "never intended to and never believed they had any beneficial or economic ownership in the house."

As an employee, Bankman focused on FTX's charitable operations. He put together the Miami event, selecting the teams of high school students who competed for $1 million in FTX grants.

Bankman also leveraged family connections to expand FTX's reach. His sister, Barbara Miller, works in Florida as a political consultant and introduced him to Newton Sanon, CEO of OIC of South Florida, a nonprofit organization that helps people with workforce-development training to promote economic mobility. (Miller did not respond to a request for comment.)

Sanon worked with Bankman on a financial literacy initiative for low-to-moderate-income adults enrolled in education programs. As part of the collaboration, students who did not have bank accounts could open one linked to FTX's platform, giving them the option to spend their money on cryptocurrency. Nobody was pushed to buy digital currencies through FTX, Sanon said, but one participant chose to do so.

In Washington, Bankman-Fried invoked the Florida program as he pressed for legislation to make the United States more hospitable to the crypto industry, testifying to a House committee that the initiative would help low-income people "build savings."

After FTX collapsed, however, Sanon informed Bankman that some participants in the FTX initiative may have lost funds they had stored on the platform (including money that students had received as a stipend for joining the program).

"They wired money in for us to be able to take care of students," Sanon said. He declined to specify the amount that the organization received, but he said it was "substantial and very kind."

Bankman used his personal funds to cover the losses, according to his spokesperson. Sanon said that "none of us are happy with how this played out," but that "those folks were very good to us."

Not all of Bankman's partners were so lucky. On Nov. 11, the day that FTX filed for bankruptcy, Bankman wrote to a Chicago nonprofit that had been promised $600,000 by FTX's charitable arm. The money wasn't going to materialize, Bankman said, and he couldn't afford to make up for the shortfall himself.

"I'll be spending substantially all of my resources on Sam's defense," he wrote in an email, which was obtained by the Times.

Bankman-Fried's whole family has felt the effects of his actions. Gabe Bankman-Fried resigned from Guarding Against Pandemics in November. (He did not respond to requests for comment.) Fried stepped down from Mind the Gap, which held a meeting last month to elect an interim chair and discuss how to proceed without her, people familiar with the matter said. The stress of the situation is exacting a toll: Bankman looks as if he has aged 10 years in one month, a friend said.

Bankman and Fried are part of a small group offering Bankman-Fried legal advice, according to a person familiar with the matter. The couple has also turned to the Stanford faculty for support: David Mills, a criminal law professor at Stanford and a close family friend, is part of Bankman-Fried's legal team. Bankman's lawyer is former federal prosecutor Ronald White.

Colleagues and family acquaintances are wrestling with what to say the next time they run into Bankman and Fried. Their son has widely been compared to Bernie Madoff, a notorious fraudster who ran the largest Ponzi scheme in history.

Still, many people in the family's social circle view the situation through a sympathetic lens, according to interviews with more than a dozen friends and colleagues. They insist that Bankman and Fried couldn't have known about any wrongdoing at FTX, while acknowledging that Bankman may have been naive in his embrace of crypto.

"It's like a Greek tragedy," said John Donohue, a colleague who has attended Sunday dinners at Bankman and Fried's home. "The story of flying too close to the sun, and having your wings singed."

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The parents of Sam Bankman-Fried who got caught in the middle of FTX drama

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At the height of its corporate power, cryptocurrency exchange FTX convened a group of athletes and celebrities for a charity event in March at the Miami Heat's NBA arena. Local high school students competed for more than $1 million in prizes, pitching "Shark Tank"-style business ideas to a panel of judges that included David Ortiz, a former Boston Red Sox slugger, and Kevin O'Leary, an actual "Shark Tank" host.

# data[].attributes.body
Do:
- You will be satisfied because the negative emotions are released
- Self-esteem is satisfied
- Your need or want might be meet by your parents if you win the argument.
- Your parents will be angry
- Parent's self-esteem won't be satisfied
- Parents will feel disrespected
- You might lose pocket money because your parents are angry
- You might get grounded
- You might experience physical punishment because your parents are angry
- Family relationship will be affected

Don't
- Your self-esteem won't be satisfied
- parent's self-esteemed will be satisfied
- Your need and want won't be satisfied
- You will probably hate your parents for a while, therefore family relations will be affected

# data[].attributes.body
Do:

Might get a better relationship

More personal time

More money to spend on yourself

Might feel sad or lonely

Might turn into enemies

Don’t

Can be loved

Might get present on festivals/holiday

Not lonely

Might get into a bad relationship

You might need to spend a lot of money and buy present for her/him

# data[].attributes.headline
Tattletale behind friends' backs in gossip conversations 

# data[].attributes.subject
Tattletale behind friends' backs in gossip conversations 

# data[].attributes.body
Do:
- That friend might hate you, and you'll probably lose that friend
- Others might not be sharing with you their personal infos anymore
- Others might stay far away from you because they are afraid that you might tell something off their backs.

Don't:
- You will keep your friend
- Others might dislike you because they think you are hiding something, and not treating them as a friend because you refuse to share gossips.
- You might not be able to join any gossip conversations anymore

# data[].attributes.body
Do:

·      Expand social circle

·      Closer relationship

·      Better Emotional health

·      Excitement

·      Common topic

·      Gain more friends

·      Learn and help from each other

Don’t:

·      Freedom

·      Focus more on yourself

·      Not embarrassed

·      Safety

# data[].attributes.headline
take a break from school work for individual pursuit (e.g. movie, shopping, meandering)

# data[].attributes.subject
take a break from school work for individual pursuit (e.g. movie, shopping, meandering)

# data[].attributes.body
Do:
- more creative
- more relaxed
- less anxious in the short term
- procrastinate

Don't:
- manage time effectively
- meet deadlines timely
- adapt to heavy work-intensive college lifestyle

# data[].attributes.body
Do

Feels love

x lonely

Gets more support

Increase positive emotions

Don’t

Being needy

Annoying

Becoming emotional

To some extent loss of freedom

# data[].attributes.headline
Please a teacher you hate of an HL subject, that is very important for your college application.

# data[].attributes.subject
Please a teacher you hate of an HL subject, that is very important for your college application.

# data[].attributes.body
#Do
- Create a good student image
- Better comments in recommendation letter
- Bias might be applied when grading (better grades because the teacher likes you)
- The probability of getting into your dream university is higher
- Your mental health might be affected
- You're gonna hate the subject and the teacher even more
- You might take offense at the subject, because you hated the teacher, and therefore score a lower grade because you hate the subject

#Don't
- You'll be happy
- mental satisfaction
- You might not hate the subject as much as if you did
- Bias might be applied when grading (worse grades because the teacher dislikes  you because of your behavior)
- Did't get into your dream university because the lack of positivity in your recommendation letter, and bad grades

# data[].attributes.body
Do:

Self-satisfied

Improve family status

Might get revenged by cats

Parents might be angry

Hurt feelings

Waste time fighting

Don’t:

Might get scratched/hurt by the pet

Angry alone

Stable relationship with pets

# data[].attributes.body
Redo:

Do better

Improve grades

More familiar environment

Deeper understanding of the curriculum

People might judge you

Not confident

Change school:

The curriculum might be more suitable for you

More experience

Know more people

Might do better

Need to adapt to new environment

Might do worse (Many uncertain factors)

# data[].attributes.body
Do:

·      Tell the parents or teachers

·      Tell the bully not to do this

·      Take it and leave it

Don’t:

·      Bully back

·      Poison the bully

·      Blame yourself

# data[].attributes.body
Do:

Better emotional health

Worse relationship

Potential affect collaboration tasks

Don’t

Worse emotional health

Stable relationship

# data[].attributes.body
Do

Able to play game

Fulfill self satisfaction

Don’t

Bad relationship w brother

Being annoyed

# data[].attributes.body
Do:

Better grades

Better future

Satisfied parents

Higher confidence

Don’t:

Good sleep quality

Good mental health

Worse grades

Dissatisfied parents