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Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León
Preparatoria 9

Matter and its transformations
Gilberto Valero González

PIA
Digital Mural

Garibay Martínez Vanessa 2147893
Martínez Muñoz Mauricio Uriel 2147327
Romo González Stephanie Karely 2148821
Saldaña Villarreal Juanpablo 2147957
Sánchez Murillo Melina Anayansi 2148144
Tapia Guajardo Danna Sofia 2147356
Williamson Peña Barbara 2150379

Monterrey, Nuevo León to May 28th, 2023.

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Humanity has always been on the lookout for ways to understand and manipulate the world around us. One of the sciences that stems from this search is chemistry, which is the study of matter and its properties, how it interacts with energy, and the changes it undergoes. Chemistry as a science is closely related to many aspects of human life, and it is a fundamental field that explores the building blocks of everything around us. In this course, we delved into various topics in chemistry, that we will now recompile into this digital mural.

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Evolution of ideas, models and theories of the atom

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Evolution of ideas, models and theories of the atom

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The classification of chemical compounds

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The classification of chemical compounds

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Relationship of chemistry with other sciences

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Relationship of chemistry with other sciences

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We can easily observe chemistry in different spheres of human life such as in the food we eat, the air we breathe, so much that even human emotions are sometimes a result of chemical reactions.

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Distribution of the Elements in the Periodic Table

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Distribution of the Elements in the Periodic Table

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Physical changes alter the physical properties of a substance but do not change its chemical structure. In contrast, chemical changes or reactions create new substances with different compositions. These transformations are driven by the use of energy, often in the form of heat. Changes in the states of aggregation are related to these changes, as a switch from one state to another is a physical change and indicates a shift in energy. Some physical changes include freezing, melting, or bending of a substance. Examples of common chemical changes include the combustion of fuel and the oxidation of metal.

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Nuclear energy is a form of energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons. This can be produced in two ways: fission when nuclei of atoms split into several parts or fusion when nuclei fuse together.
Nuclear is useful in electricity generation, and due to its cleanliness and sustainability, it may be an apt alternative to other popular energy sources.
Some of the advantages of nuclear energy is that they do not produce greenhouse gases.
And some disadvantages nuclear energy produces waste from the material used and worries about possible accidents or leaks, since uranium is not renewable, at least for now. One of the drawbacks of this material is its high radioactivity, in addition to having a very long half-life.

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Chemical bonding refers to the formation of a chemical bond between two or more atoms, molecules or ions to give rise to a chemical compound. There are only three types of chemical bonds: ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond.

-The ionic bond occurs inside a metallic atom and a non-metallic atom.

-Within the covalent bond, the atoms share the outer electrons of the s and p shells to achieve greater stability, that of the noble gas.

-In the metallic bond, the metals lose their valence electrons and an electron cloud forms between the positive nuclei.

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In this stage we saw different topics like inorganic chemical compounds . I understand many concepts, like that a chemical compound is any substance which this formed by two or more elements joined by a chemical bond . We also see the Oxidation State Ions. The atoms of each element are considered electrically neutral because they have the same number of Protons and electrons. An organic compound are the chemical compounds that have a carbon element on its formula. An inorganic compound do not have carbon on the formula. To White the chemical formula of an Ionic Compound we need to White the cation fiesta and the anion second. This stage was very interesant, I like how all this is transformed and how is cretaed. I Would like to learn and investigate more about this and learn all its characteristics

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In this semestre  we learned that inorganic chemical compounds are those that do not contain carbon. Some of them we can find in our daily activities, so it is common that we do not realize that they are present; for example, table salt (NaCl), whose chemical name is sodium chloride and which we use as a seasoning for food. These compounds are indicated with a chemical formula, which is the graphic representation of the elements that constitute them. The purpose was to analyze the formula and the name of inorganic chemical compounds, applying the rules of chemical nomenclature established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

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Mauricio Uriel Martínez Muñoz's conclusion

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Mauricio Uriel Martínez Muñoz's conclusion

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Throughout the four stages of this course, we studied various different topics relating to the field of chemistry. I learned all about the properties of matter, how it transforms and interacts with itself, and how these reactions can be taken advantage of for the benefit of humanity. I find this branch of science especially interesting, as it gives us an insightful look into how the world around us works on a minuscule level. What I studied during this semester expanded my understanding of chemistry and sparked my interest in studying this science further.

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In all this stages we have learned many things. We talk about the Fundamentals of Chemistry, the Atomic Structure and Chemical Elements, the Periodic Table and Chemical Bonds and finally about the Formulation of the Inorganic Chemical Compounds. We see all the subtopics relationated with this, I think it was a little bit complicated to remember all this but it was an interesant topic for me.

I can understand that the chemical changes are transformation of matter that involve a change in its internal composition, forming new substances. Also I learn that the law of conservation of energy states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes. I would like to learn more concepts about this the next semester.

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Throughout this semester, in these four stages I have acquired a lot of knowledge about different topics in chemistry, mainly: Fundamentals of Chemistry, Atomic Structure and Chemical Elements, Periodic Table and Chemical Bonds and Formulation of Inorganic Chemical Compounds.
Thanks to those topics, I have enriched my knowledge in chemistry.
Also, many advances and adjustments of great help in our lives have been developed, thanks to the evolution of these.
Furthermore, from those topics, there are a variety of interesting subtopics that I consider of great importance in the future.
In the same way I have been more curious in those topics and likewise I consider that they will be of great support in the next semester.

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Stephanie Karely Romo González’s conclusion 

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Stephanie Karely Romo González’s conclusion 

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During this semester, I learned about a lot of new topics and I studied deeper about others that I had already seen in jr. high school, some of these topics are: the concept of chemistry and its applications, the atoms and its subparticles, the history of the atom, the nuclear energy, the periodic table and its classification, the properties of the elements, the different types of chemical bonds, and the chemical compounds.

I think this semester was very enriching because I was able to delve deeper into the world of chemistry; and this is something that I will definitely use in the next semesters and even in the university.

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At this stage we saw different topics that seemed important to me since they spoke to us from the beginning of the concept of what chemistry is to the different types of energy and their compounds related to what chemistry is. I feel that one of the topics that caught my attention was that of chemical compounds, because from the beginning it tells us that it is a substance made up of two or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed proportion.