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Definition: Interventions are specific, targeted strategies or programs implemented to improve a student’s skills in a particular area, such as reading, math, or behavior. These are often used before a special education referral is made.

Who This Applies To: Students struggling in general education, especially those flagged through Response to Intervention (RTI) systems. These students may or may not be identified with a disability.

Examples:

1. A small-group reading program focusing on phonemic awareness.

2. Weekly behavior check-ins with a school counselor.

3. A math fluency intervention using flashcards and timed practice.

Additional Resource: What is Response to Intervention (RTI)? - Understood.org provides a parent-friendly overview. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/understanding-response-to-intervention

Associated HLPs/EBPs:

HLP #6: Use student assessment data, analyze instructional practices, and make necessary adjustments https://highleveragepractices.org/701-2/

Evidence-Based Interventions: What Works Clearinghouse https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/

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Definition: Differentiation refers to the practice of tailoring instruction to meet individual student needs based on readiness, interests, and learning profiles.

Who It Applies To: All students in a general education setting, including students with and without disabilities.

Examples:

1. Providing tiered reading assignments based on Lexile level.

2. Offering choice in project formats (video, essay, slideshow).

3. Flexible groupings for math problem-solving.

Additional Resource: Differentiation Central - Carol Tomlinson https://differentiationcentral.com/

Associated HLPs/EBPs:

HLP #19: Use flexible grouping https://highleveragepractices.org/701-2/

IRIS Center Module: Differentiated Instruction https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/di/

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Definition: Accommodations are changes in how a student accesses information or demonstrates learning, without changing the instructional content or expectations.

Who It Applies To: Students with disabilities covered under an IEP or 504 Plan, including those with ADHD, dyslexia, and physical impairments.

Examples:

1. Extended time on tests.

2. Preferential seating near the teacher.

3. Audiobooks instead of printed texts.

Additional Resource: Accommodations: Assisting Students with Disabilities - US Department of Education https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/504faq.html

Associated HLPs/EBPs:

HLP #5: Interpret and communicate assessment information https://highleveragepractices.org/701-2/

National Center on Accessible Educational Materials https://aem.cast.org/

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Definition: Adaptations are changes made to the learning environment or instructional delivery to help a student access the curriculum more effectively.

Who It Applies To: Students with a wide range of disabilities, especially those with physical, sensory, or cognitive impairments.

Examples:

1. Enlarged print materials for a student with visual impairment.

2. Providing visual schedules for students with autism.

3. Using voice-to-text software.

Additional Resource:

Adapting Curriculum Materials - IRIS Center https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/acc/

Associated HLPs/EBPs:

HLP #16: Use explicit instruction https://highleveragepractices.org/701-2/

CAST UDL Guidelines https://udlguidelines.cast.org/

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Definition: Modifications change what a student is expected to learn by altering the content or performance criteria.

Who It Applies To: Students with significant cognitive disabilities who receive instruction aligned to alternate achievement standards (often in self-contained settings).

Examples:

1. Reduced number of homework problems.

2. Alternate test with simplified questions.

3. Using picture-based answers instead of written responses.

Additional Resource:

Modification vs. Accommodation - Understood.org https://www.understood.org/en/articles/the-difference-between-accommodations-and-modifications

Associated HLPs/EBPs:

HLP #15: Provide scaffolded supports https://highleveragepractices.org/701-2/

EBP: Functional Curriculum for Students with Significant Disabilities https://www.nationaltransition.org/

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Definition: SDI refers to instruction that is tailored to meet the unique needs of a student with a disability as outlined in their IEP. It is delivered by or under the supervision of a special education teacher.

Who It Applies To: Students who have an IEP under IDEA across any of the 13 disability categories.

Examples:

1. Direct instruction in reading comprehension for a student with a learning disability.

2. Weekly social skills lessons for a student with autism.

3. Teaching life skills to a student with intellectual disability.

Additional Resource:

Specially Designed Instruction - National Center on Intensive Intervention https://intensiveintervention.org/specially-designed-instruction

Associated HLPs/EBPs:

HLP #12: Systematically design instruction toward a specific learning goal https://highleveragepractices.org/701-2/

Explicit Instruction (EBP) https://www.cec.sped.org/Evidence-Based-Practice-Resources