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Guinea -> Lampedusa, Italy

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Ivory Coast -> Lampedusa, Italy

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41 Migrants from the Ivory Coast and Guinea are believed to be dead, after a ship with four survivors was found.

- The ship left Sfax and after only 6 hours the boat capsized, throwing all 45 into the sea and sinking afterwards.

- 2 men, one woman and one child managed to survive, climbing onto another empty vessel nearby.

-The boat was found 40 miles from Tunisia and 125 miles from Lampedusa where they are currently being held.

-The migrants were moving from LIDC’s to an AC, they were fleeing from violent Ivorian forces destroying/pillaging and executing civilians.

-According to the International Organisation of Migration this brings the total of dead/missing people due to shipwrecks in the Central Mediterranean to more than 1800

-More than 93,000 migrants have moved to Italy this year

Arwen

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Britain has given France nearly £500m to France to help them strengthen their policing of dunes and beaches across Calais coast in Northern France, they typically use night vision, motorbikes and dune buggies to search and prevent people from entering the water.

84% of migrants that were prevented from crossing to the UK were intercepted on the beach or inland.

The government says that they have managed to prevent 26,000 attempted crossings because of the partnership with France.

The British Prime minister and the French president have agreed to double the number of French officers deployed.

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Oulx, Metropolitan City of Turin, Italy-Piers

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Oulx, Metropolitan City of Turin, Italy-Piers

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Reported 150, Sudanese and Afghan people have been swapping their sandals with hiking boots with the locals. Originally moving from LIDC's but are moving fro AC to AC to reach the UK

There destination is to the UK as there place of residents bit due to most of them earning very little money whilst in their home countries they are having to walk the whole distance including the Alps

The journey is very risky as most of them are either rejected by the UK and France, or reports of the Italian police catching them and sending them back to Africa and the Middle East

There is a disagreement about this between Italy and Germany, Italy believes they should not have the right to enter and leaves the country and is causing damage and problems in the country, such as using churches for non religious purposes, meanwhile Germany believes they should not have to try and walk the Alps just not to get caught and even though they do not have documents they should not be treated this poorly and say this is a "European issue". The red cross has set up food and water stations around the Alps for the immigrants trying the paths.

Over 85% get sent back, but try again soon after

A lot of conflict occurs in Sudan and Afghanistan and that area so they are pushed away-Push factor

They want to go to UK specifically because of free healthcare, better jobs and more money.-pull factor

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EDC

PULL - economy

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EDC —> EDC

Fourteen Venezuelan migrants killed in Chile fire

7 November 2023

Tens of thousands of Venezuelans escaping poverty and violence at home

Risking their lives to travel to Chile (one of the wealthiest countries in South America)

There has been an increase in building houses on unauthorised land where forest fires are known to occur

Three families were living in two homes destroyed by The fire

PUSH factor - violence and poverty

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India - Australia Migration (EDC - AC) - Oliver Wilkinson

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India - Australia Migration (EDC - AC) - Oliver Wilkinson

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At the end of June 2021, 710,380 Indian-born people were living in Australia, more than twice the number (337,120) at 30 June 2011.

After the United Kingdom, the Indian-born population is the second largest migrant community in Australia, equivalent to 9.5 per cent of Australia's overseas-born population and 2.8 per cent of Australia's total population.

For Australia's Indian-born migrants: The median age of 35.7 years was 2.6 years below that of the general population. / Males outnumbered females—53.7 per cent compared with 46.3 per cent.

Australia's permanent Migration Program incorporates economic and family migration and is the main pathway to permanent residence.

Reason for movement = promise of business (pull), space for innovation and investment (pull). Less crowded areas (pull and push)

source - Australian Government Department of Home Affairs

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Messenia boat sink had previously departed from Tobruk, Libya - Anna

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Messenia boat sink had previously departed from Tobruk, Libya - Anna

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Departed 10th June

Sunk 14 June

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People fleeing Myanmar and Bangladesh (LIDCs) to Singapore (AC) - 31,000 people have set off by sea this year

PUSH - Due to political repression in Myanmar (Muslim Rohingya refugees)

Restrictive migration policies makes immigrating very dangerous in this region

6,000 people fleeing Myanmar and Bangladesh were stranded at sea in boats controlled by smugglers

Juliette Franks

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14th December 2023

Migrants fleeing from Afghnistan with the aim of seeking assylum in the USA

Fleeing Afghanistan after the Taliban takeover as their work with Americans leave them as targets and they were unable to get on a US evacuation flight. PUSH.

In order to reach the US, they fled through Iran and Pakistan before flying to Brazil where then they were forced to cross the treacherous Darien Gap of Panama on foot where they were robbed and assualted.

However, they are now stuck in Mexico in a shelter designed for Muslim migrants depserately trying to gain asylum in America but are still left waiting for an appointment with the US gov.

LIDC -> AC

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A stone's throw from the US border and around the corner from Tijuana's seedy red-light district, Afghan families say they feel safe inside a first of its kind Muslim-only shelter.

But they are afraid to wander far outside, traumatised by their journey across 11 countries to get here.

Desperate to make it to the US after the Taliban takeover more than two years ago, they say they had no future in Afghanistan - their work alongside US allies made them targets.

So they fled, enduring months of waiting in Iran and Pakistan.

They flew to Brazil and then crossed the treacherous Darién Gap of Panama on foot, where they were robbed and assaulted.

One group of Afghans was forced to strip naked - men and women together - as masked gunmen searched them for hidden money, Shukriah says through tears.

A journalist, she shows photos on her phone of her nine-year-old daughter with a bruised eye. The men punched and beat her children, she says, until they got more money from the group.

"It's very hard to talk about it," she says, as her children play nearby.

The Albergue Assabil/Mesquita Taybah shelter, where Shukriah now lives, is noisy and full of life. The kitchen is bustling with men cooking rice, ground beef and beans with cumin and turmeric.

The children play with a ball in a small courtyard but have no space to run. They have not attended school since they left Afghanistan.

The Afghans in the shelter are desperate to restart their lives in the United States - if they can figure out how to claim asylum. Some have been waiting for more than two months for an appointment with US authorities.

Some migrants wonder if they should cross illegally. They have heard others pass through gaps in the border wall and get processed quickly. But most migrants want to do the right thing.

"We were left behind," says Sofia, who was a student at the American University in Kabul, which was funded by the United States.

Sofia - like others in the shelter - does not want her real name used for fear that it will hurt her chances of entering the US or have repercussions for her family left behind in Afghanistan.

When Afghanistan fell to the Taliban in 2021, thousands of Afghans flooded the airport in Kabul, passing babies to the front of the line and waving paperwork to prove their work alongside the US-backed government.

They were desperate to catch a US evacuation flight.

Sofia says the US embassy offered her a flight out. But in the chaos that erupted, she could not make it through the crowds to get to the airport.

Instead, she went to Iran and then Pakistan, where, she says, US officials told her to file paperwork to emigrate.

After eight months, she still had not heard anything, so with a group of family and friends she flew to Brazil and began her journey across the Americas - by foot, bus, boat and taxi.

Sofia did not travel with Shukriah, but she was also robbed in the Darién Gap between Panama and Colombia as were other migrants we spoke to.

Many migrants pay smugglers to take them through Panama - it has become a booming business there. But the Afghans relied on social media instructions to cross the Darién Gap, following blue plastic signs and avoiding red signs, which indicate danger.

And they just followed the crowd: thousands of people from China, India, Pakistan, Cameroon. A record number of migrants now passes through the dense stretch of jungle once considered impassable.

"It's so dangerous," Sofia says, adding that she would never have travelled that way had she known.

At night, they could hear wild animals and were terrified. During the day, it poured with rain, the river would flood and they had to walk up mountains, often carrying their children and everything they own. Armed men took their money and jewellery. They feared a deadly snake bite.

One man traveling alongside them drowned trying to cross the river, Sofia says.

She heard stories of women being raped and saw two severed hands discarded by the river and countless dead bodies along the way.

"We used to cry. "What happened to these people? Maybe they died because of the floods, or maybe some animals attacked them, or the gunmen shot them. No one knows."

They can now see the United States when they step foot outside the shelter. They can walk a few hundred feet to touch the border wall. But even after all they have been through, they say the wait is torture.

To seek US asylum, migrants are expected to use a mobile app called CBP One to get an appointment with US Customs and Border Protection.

The app was meant to simplify the asylum process, but it has not.

Migrants and human rights groups say it does not work properly, leaving vulnerable people stuck for months in Mexico trying to get an appointment.

It could soon become even more difficult to claim asylum once migrants do get an appointment.

In Washington DC, some Republicans in Congress will not approve aid to Ukraine and Israel if the Biden administration does not tighten border restrictions and make it more difficult to claim asylum in the US.

Even the Afghans who were evacuated to the US face uncertainties. The Biden administration extended temporary visas for them earlier this year, but many remain living in limbo, uncertain about their future immigration status.

Ten years ago, it was rare to see migrants from Asia or Africa in Tijuana's shelters, but now the whole world comes to the border towns along the southern US.

That's why the Latina Muslim Foundation opened this shelter in 2022 to cater to the growing group of Muslim migrants, to provide a shelter, halal food, separate dormitories for men and women and daily prayers.

Sofia has been waiting two months in the shelter - trying every day to get an appointment.

"I have no option but to wait," she says, adding that she has nowhere else to go and she cannot go back to Afghanistan because the Taliban know she is "a US ally".

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The Afghan refugees stuck in limbo at the US-Mexico border

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Refugees fleeing the Taliban face a treacherous journey through Latin America to the United States.

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A van containing 23 people overturned, 7 died including a child

It came from Syria and Turkey

25% of German migration is facilitated by smugglers.

Wolfgang Beckstein, the state prosecutor in Traunstein, Bavaria, where the crash took place, said that the charges come amidst a noticeable increase in migrant smuggling cases in Germany, and an increasing ruthlessness in how the smugglers are prepared to act.

EDC --> AC

Push factors - Civil war in Syria. Turkey are involved in the Syrian war as well.

Pull factors - Better jobs, healthcare, safety, quality of life.

It is a migrant corridor.

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El Hierro, Canary Islands - 280 migrants land in Canary Islands - Tom 

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El Hierro, Canary Islands - 280 migrants land in Canary Islands - Tom 

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A small boat carrying 280 migrants arrived on the remote island of El Hierro

Largest number of migrants to ever arrive on the Canary Islands in one go

140 people have died or gone missing trying to make the crossing from Africa to the Canary Islands this year

From 1 January to 30 September 14,976 migrants arrived in the Canary Islands, an increase of 19.8% from 2022

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• Finland closed all crossings on the Russian border after accusing Moscow of deliberately helping migrants into the country

• Around 900 asylum seekers entered Finland from Russia in November, up from fewer than one a day on average

• They came from countries including Morocco, Pakistan and Syria, authorities said. So are migrating from EDCs to an AC (Finland) with the help of another AC (Russia)

• Orpo's government opted to close the entire 1,340 km (830 mile) border for at least two weeks

• It is inter-regional migration

• Reason for movements are humanitarian and push factors such as the deteriorating living conditions and security measures

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Attempted migration from LIDC Libya to AC Greece

On 14 June 2023, a rusty and overloaded fishing trawler smuggling many migrants sank in the Mediterranean, off the coast of Pylos, Messenia, Greece. The boat had a capacity of 400 people, although carried around 750. The migrants onboard the ship were mostly from Pakistan, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, and some from Afghanistan.

Officials acknowledged that over 500 people were presumed dead. Of the 104 survivors, there were no women and children. The smugglers kept the women and children locked in the hold underneath the hull of the boat, and it is believed that up to 100 children were being held at the time of the sinking.

Assistance was apparently offered by HCG, although refused by the boat.

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Migration from an EDC (Libya) to ACs (Malta, Italy and Greece)

More than 60 migrants are believed to have drowned in a shipwreck off the coast of Libya

Libya is among the main departure points for migrants trying to cross the Mediterranean and enter Europe

The IOM estimates that more than 2,200 people have drowned while attempting the crossing this year alone, making it one of the most dangerous migration routes in the world

They are fleeing war, persecution and poverty in the Middle East and Africa and this is why they migrate (push factor)

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Oliver Wilkinson - Australia to halve immigration intake, toughen English test for students - 11 December 2023

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Oliver Wilkinson - Australia to halve immigration intake, toughen English test for students - 11 December 2023

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In financial year 2023, it is estimated that almost 93 thousand more Indians migrated to Australia than emigrated, This marked the highest net overseas migration from India within the measured period.

The Australian government says it will ensure to halve the migration intake within two years in an attempt to fix the country's "broken" immigration system. It aims to slash the annual intake to 250,000 - roughly in line with pre-pandemic levels - by June 2025.

A review earlier this year reportedly found the system was "badly broken" - unnecessarily complex, slow and inefficient - and in need of "major reform".

A record 510,000 people came to Australia in the year to June 2023, but the minister said her government would "bring numbers back under control" and reduce the annual migration intake by around 50%.

Among the new measures are tougher minimum English-language requirements for international students, and more scrutiny of those applying for a second visa - they must prove that any further study would advance their academic aspirations or their careers. The country publicly feels they are 'over-diversified'.

Key facts = Overseas migration 2022-23 – net annual gain of 518,000 people / Migrant arrivals increased 73% to 737,000 from 427,000 arrivals a year ago / Largest group of migrant arrivals was temporary visa holders with 554,000 people / Migrant departures decreased 2% to 219,000 from 223,000 departures a year ago.

source - BBC News