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Speaker: Who was the speaker(s)/author(s)?  What assumptions can you make about this person?  Describe them to the best of your ability.

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Speaker: Who was the speaker(s)/author(s)?  What assumptions can you make about this person?  Describe them to the best of your ability.

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The authors of this document were The Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson helped a bit, following France’s help in the American Revolution. In this document, you can assume both used enlightenment beliefs to create this draft. They mention several times John Locke’s 3 main beliefs. Life, Liberty, and Property. This document also follows when France acts on one of Locke’s beliefs, which is to overthrow the government and start a new one when those are not protected. You can also assume they disliked monarchy, as they describe it as a corrupt government.

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Speaker: Who was the speaker(s)/author(s)?  What assumptions can you make about this person?  Describe them to the best of your ability.

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Speaker: Who was the speaker(s)/author(s)?  What assumptions can you make about this person?  Describe them to the best of your ability.

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The authors were the representatives from the 13 colonies. There were 56 of them all representing their own colonies. I can assume that these people were the elites and that they were educated on the enlightenment. They put many rights that are said in the enlightenment into the Declaration of Independence. All of these people believed the 13 colonies should be more than colonies to the British, so that is why when these rights were denied, they wrote the Declaration of Independence.

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Speaker: Who was the speaker(s)/author(s)?  What assumptions can you make about this person?  Describe them to the best of your ability.

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Speaker: Who was the speaker(s)/author(s)?  What assumptions can you make about this person?  Describe them to the best of your ability.

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The Author of Simon Bolivar's Jamaica Letter was Simon Bolivar. He was a military and political leader from Venezuela that would lead the Spanish colonies to their independence, creating Bolivia (named after him), Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama. He went on a grand tour through Europe where he swore to stop Spanish rule in the Americas. Due to the Spanish being weakened from Napoleon's Peninsular war, He saw that this was the time to gain independence from them. He seems to gain his moral values from enlightenment authors at the time. He opposes colonies because they are not being ruled by someone of their own kind. He does not seem to think highly of the Spanish, but seems to have great pride in the American colonies. In a different letter, he says that federalism as done in the United States was perfect, but wouldn't work in Spanish colonies due to lasting influences of Spanish Imperialism.

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Occasion: What were the circumstances surrounding this document?  What prompted the author to write this piece?  What event led to its publication or development?  Give some background/context as to what was going on in that particular region at the time the document was drafted.

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Occasion: What were the circumstances surrounding this document?  What prompted the author to write this piece?  What event led to its publication or development?  Give some background/context as to what was going on in that particular region at the time the document was drafted.

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The occasion that occurred surrounding this document was the unhappiness of the French people. French Citizens were split into three estates, allowing each estate to have a representation in major government decisions. However, there a major imbalance of each estate's population value. In the Three Estates, the clergy and the nobility both made up the first two estates, which made up about three percent of the population. The rest made up the Third Estate, which was the peasants and non-landowners of the population. This immense imbalance of power came forth in major decisions, such as the taxation of the people. At this point in time, the peasants, were taxed. Even through famine, drought, and much more they were taxed to the point of starvation. The civil discontent ultimately came to a head in the voting of the Estates General; by which it was decided that the nobility should not have to be taxed. This resulted in the walkout of the Third Estate, creating the National Assembly. Inspired by the American Revolution's success and Enlightenment principles, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was born.

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Occasion: What were the circumstances surrounding this document?  What prompted the author to write this piece?  What event led to its publication or development?  Give some background/context as to what was going on in that particular region at the time the document was drafted.

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Occasion: What were the circumstances surrounding this document?  What prompted the author to write this piece?  What event led to its publication or development?  Give some background/context as to what was going on in that particular region at the time the document was drafted.

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The circumstances surrounding this document was the longstanding Spanish occupation of Jamaica, and the Jamaican people's lack of freedom. Bolívar was responding to a letter from another Jamaican about the political situation of Jamaica, and decided to make it public for many people to see and hopefully bring together Latin America. He was trying to help unite those in Latin America and the Caribbean to lead to the downfall of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.

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Audience: Who was the intended audience?  Does the speaker identify an audience?  Are there any assumptions you can make about the audience?

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Audience: Who was the intended audience?  Does the speaker identify an audience?  Are there any assumptions you can make about the audience?

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The document states that the audience is "all the members of the social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties" which shows that the intended audience is all people in France of every social class. Some assumptions that I can make about the audience are that the governments reading will not want to follow these laws as well as the higher social classes, but the lower classes and peasants will have much more freedom and will support the people trying to push these ideals.

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Purpose:  What is the speaker’s purpose?  In what ways does he/she convey this message?  What is the emotional state of the speaker?  How is the speaker trying to spark a reaction in the audience?  What words or phrases show the speaker’s tone? 

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Purpose:  What is the speaker’s purpose?  In what ways does he/she convey this message?  What is the emotional state of the speaker?  How is the speaker trying to spark a reaction in the audience?  What words or phrases show the speaker’s tone? 

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The purpose of this document is for the people of France to describe or state their basic human rights to the government and to address the problem in which the government is neglecting their basic human rights. The speaker conveys this message by including 17 articles that outline different aspects of the basic rights that the citizens of France have to the government. The emotional state of the speaker is frustrated or even angry because they immediately start off with faults of the French government that have seriously harmed the rights of French citizens. The speaker is trying to open the mind of the audience to the idea that all people have basic human rights and that the French government is intolerable and ignorant to these rights. Words and phrases that show the governments attitude towards people's rights are "ignorance", "neglect", and "contempt of the rights". Words and phrases that provide descriptions of the rights of man and citizen are "natural", "sacred", "born and remain free in equal rights", and "preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man". Connor B

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Occasion: What were the circumstances surrounding this document?  What prompted the author to write this piece?  What event led to its publication or development?  Give some background/context as to what was going on in that particular region at the time the document was drafted.

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Occasion: What were the circumstances surrounding this document?  What prompted the author to write this piece?  What event led to its publication or development?  Give some background/context as to what was going on in that particular region at the time the document was drafted.

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The declaration of independence was written in the midst of conflict between the American colonies and England, who wanted to have representation within parliament if they were going to be taxed. The authors who wrote it wanted to get the point across and justify their declaration to every nation on Earth, kind of like an advertisement to be accepted as a government. Just before this was written there were multiple taxes on things such as stamps or tea, and the American people had been denied a place in British parliament. A couple years before was the French and Indian war that the British had to pay for as well as protection, so they needed to tax the Americas, doing so while denying them some very basic rights, and ruling them rather than serving them. The people were fed up with the treatment they received and decided that if they weren't going to be treated like British citizens, they wouldn't be part of Britain.

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Subject:  What is the subject of the piece?  How do you know this?  How has the subject been selected and presented by the author? 

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Subject:  What is the subject of the piece?  How do you know this?  How has the subject been selected and presented by the author? 

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The subject of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen is the natural rights of the law. Each article is an explanation of a different right that every person has, that can't be taken away by the government. In the introduction paragraph, it says "the French people... have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man." The main point of this document is the specific rights of the people of France, and how they cannot be taken away.

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Audience: Who was the intended audience?  Does the speaker identify an audience?  Are there any assumptions you can make about the audience?

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Audience: Who was the intended audience?  Does the speaker identify an audience?  Are there any assumptions you can make about the audience?

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The audience was likely a man in Spain. The speaker doesn't directly identify an audience. In the beginning of the document Bolivar states that he's writing to a man that said he wishes for the South Americans to succeed against the Spanish arms. This means that Bolivar cannot be writing to the king of Spain because he'd never wish for this. It also means it can't be someone in the Americas because they wouldn't refer to themself in the third person and write a letter from a foreign perspective about something that's happening in their own country. We can assume that this man is not an upper class individual because he would want Spain to dominate South America t keep boosting their economy.We also know he's not a soldier because he would not wish for the Spanish arms to be turned on.

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Miscellaneous:  What Enlightenment principles are reflected in this document?

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Miscellaneous:  What Enlightenment principles are reflected in this document?

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There are several Enlightenment principles reflected in this document. The ideals of John Locke are commonly reflected in the document, stating that men have god-given natural rights such as liberty and property. These are also added on to stating that man also have the right to security and resistance to oppression. Ideals from Jean-jacques Rousseau are also reflected in the document, stating that the good for the community or nation should be emphasized rather than emphasizing the good for certain individuals. Also, ideals from Montesquieu, that emphasize that there should separation of powers in a constitution are also reflected, signaling that no part of government should have more power than another.

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Audience: Who was the intended audience?  Does the speaker identify an audience?  Are there any assumptions you can make about the audience?

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Audience: Who was the intended audience?  Does the speaker identify an audience?  Are there any assumptions you can make about the audience?

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The intended audience of The Declaration of Independence is the other countries of the world. The document does identify an audience after it explains that the King of Great Britain has established "An absolute Tyranny over these States" when it is written, "To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world". Following this statement, the declaration lists many violations of the peoples rights and liberties, and explains that the only option left it so succeed from the crown of Great Britain. It can be assumed that this audience was chosen so that the Colonies could validate their choices to the rest of the world, and so they would be seen not as the instigators of conflict, but as the victims of an absolute monarchy, and thus, gain the support of other nations against the crown of Great Britain. The document, with its contents of violations of liberties and rights of common people, serves as a weapon to be used to severely damage the public image of Great Britain, and the crown.

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Purpose:  What is the speaker’s purpose?  In what ways does he/she convey this message?  What is the emotional state of the speaker?  How is the speaker trying to spark a reaction in the audience?  What words or phrases show the speaker’s tone? 

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Purpose:  What is the speaker’s purpose?  In what ways does he/she convey this message?  What is the emotional state of the speaker?  How is the speaker trying to spark a reaction in the audience?  What words or phrases show the speaker’s tone? 

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Simon Bolivar's purpose is to elaborate on the reasons that South America is deserving of independence from Spain and an autonomous government, as well as the potential model of a republic in South America. This message is conveyed through Bolivar's statements about South American uprisings and that the notion of achieving freedom seems possible. This hopeful tone, which aims to inspire the success of Jamaica in gaining independence, is exemplified by Bolivar's use of words like "destiny" and the phrase "the veil has been torn asunder." These contribute to the speaker's intention of expressing his hopes for South America and the idea that they will likely succeed.

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Subject:  What is the subject of the piece?  How do you know this?  How has the subject been selected and presented by the author? 

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Subject:  What is the subject of the piece?  How do you know this?  How has the subject been selected and presented by the author? 

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The subject of this document is to address and justify the actions of the newly independent American colonies. The Declaration of Independence was written to present the means that the colonies used to become equal under the British Parliament, yet they still refused to accept them. The subject can be inferred because the document states the unfair actions of the British, what the colonies did to have peace, and what their actions were to create a peaceful society, "It is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it (government), and to institute new Government". The subject was selected by the author, the representatives of the 13 colonies, to declare to the world their independence from British control. It is being presented in a way that supports their actions of rebellion; to be independent from a government that does not serve the interest of the people and does not give the basic Rights of Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness.

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Purpose: What is the speaker’s purpose?  In what   ways does he/she convey this message?  What is the emotional state of the speaker?  How is the speaker trying to spark a reaction in the audience?  What words or phrases show the speaker’s tone?                                                              

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Purpose: What is the speaker’s purpose?  In what   ways does he/she convey this message?  What is the emotional state of the speaker?  How is the speaker trying to spark a reaction in the audience?  What words or phrases show the speaker’s tone?                                                              

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In this document, the speaker, on behalf of the American colonists, intends not only to state the wrongdoings of the "mother country," Britain, but also aims to protect their status and in some ways gain status by supporting why what they have done is just. To fulfill this purpose, the speaker describes first, the duty to acknowledge the wrongdoings, which is followed by a list of infractions upon rights. By stating the duty to separate and create a new effective government, they can use the list to describe what changes should and will be made to better the government in support of the people. The emotional state of the speaker includes a sense of anger as their leaders have let them down whilst also being motivated to bring forth a better solution for their people. Through this document the speaker sparks the realization of abuse in power inspiring other countries to notice one-sided flaws in governments.

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Tone: What is the author’s tone?  How is the author perceived by the audience?  What is the author’s mood?  What is the author’s point of view?

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Tone: What is the author’s tone?  How is the author perceived by the audience?  What is the author’s mood?  What is the author’s point of view?

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The tone of the Author is indignant from the grievances inflicted on them by the King of England. The Author is perceived by the audience as representatives of the colonies that are involved in the declaration. The mood that is created for the attended audience is one agreeable to the author and that their argument is reasonable. The Authors' point of view is that of people directly effected by the grievances listed out in the declaration.

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Subject:  What is the subject of the piece?  How do you know this?  How has the subject been selected and presented by the author? 

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Subject:  What is the subject of the piece?  How do you know this?  How has the subject been selected and presented by the author? 

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The main subject is the desire for South American independence from Spanish oppression. Bolivar discusses the challenges faced by the American provinces, highlighting their passive political status and the negative impact of Spanish rule. He predicts the eventual success of the provinces in gaining freedom and envisions different forms of government emerging post -liberation. The letter serves as a plea for understanding and support in the struggle for independence, emphasizing Bolivar's belief in a prosperous future for South America.

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Tone: What is the author’s tone?  How is the author perceived by the audience?  What is the author’s mood?  What is the author’s point of view?

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Tone: What is the author’s tone?  How is the author perceived by the audience?  What is the author’s mood?  What is the author’s point of view?

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The tone of the article and the author's tone is very straightforward throughout. It is demanding and powerful, as they are stating what is wanted and needed by the people, and that it is guaranteed to happen. The audience view the people as lesser and insignificant, yet they hold more power than their audience through numbers and strength, and use it to their advantage in the document. The people are outraged at what has happened for so long, and they are tired of the injustice that the higher powers have dealt for so long. The National Assembly of France is tired of what has happened for so long and is now doing something about it. They are demanding that they give them the rights they deserve, and they will not take no for an answer. Their point of view is that they have been dealing with unfair laws, justice, rights, and an unfair society as a whole. This declaration is the determining factor of their rights and power, and this document proves that they are willing to fight for what's right.

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Miscellaneous:  What Enlightenment principles are reflected in this document?

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Miscellaneous:  What Enlightenment principles are reflected in this document?

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The main enlightenment principles shown the in the declaration of independence are the Natural rights of people as described as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The idea of a limited/minimal freely elected government is also stressed and displayed where it talks about the ability to abolish and build a new government that benefits the people to the best of its ability. Lastly the idea that governments have responsibilities to those they govern is shown as the fact that it says the government is solely meant to improve the life of the people providing them with life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

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Tone: What is the author’s tone?  How is the author perceived by the audience?  What is the author’s mood?  What is the author’s point of view?

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Tone: What is the author’s tone?  How is the author perceived by the audience?  What is the author’s mood?  What is the author’s point of view?

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I would say that the tone of the author throughout the passage is indignant. Bolivar was most likely perceived as very confident and strong-willed by Spanish royalty. Bolivar was rightfully outraged by the mistreatment of the American colonies. He amplifies his anger towards Spain, "... but even these limitations could never satisfy the greed of Spain". Bolivar feels very strongly about the unjust treatment that the American colonies are receiving no matter what they can provide Spain. Bolivar's point of view is very against the Spanish rulers and their policies. He feels they are very unjust and unfair and makes that clear through his diction in this passage.

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Miscellaneous:  What Enlightenment principles are reflected in this document?

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Miscellaneous:  What Enlightenment principles are reflected in this document?

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In Bolivar's Jamaica Letter an example of the presence of the enlightenment principles is the representation of natural rights. Natural rights is the rights people have that can't be taken away by the government. This idea is reflected in Bolivar's letter when he talks about slavery and the enslavement of people against their will. For example in his letter he states "applying these principles, we find that America was denied not only its freedom but even an active and effective tyranny." He is talking about the natural right that people have to have freedom in the country, and how it is being taken away by the government so that they can enslave people. More evidence of the reflection of Natural rights in his letter is when he talked about how we have been deprived of our rights and kept us away from being involved in public affairs. He also talks about how people should be released of their duties of being enslaved, and given back their natural rights.

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skibidi