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Each group will be responsible for creating an imaginary arugument on our topics and finding two sources: one peer-reviewed/academic source and one other source of your choosing (academic, news, blog, video, etc.).  

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Each group will be responsible for creating an imaginary arugument on our topics and finding two sources: one peer-reviewed/academic source and one other source of your choosing (academic, news, blog, video, etc.).  

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1. The article's title and author as the subject

2. A full MLA or APA citation

3. The source's thesis/main claim

4. A brief explanation of its arguments (2-3 sentences, a list, a paragraph...)

5. How would you use this source (to provide information, to express an idea/opinion, context, evidence...)

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1. Leslie, Rachel, Charlie, Ivy (Red)

2. Kamorra, TJ, Taylor, Grace (Orange)

3. Jonathan, Austin, Chris (Blue)

4. Mike, Jecay, Tyler, Erick (Green)

5. Colin, Jack, Archie, Luke (Purple)

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Why Aren’t We Talking About Men’s Mental Health? -Mental Health America, a community-based nonprofit

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Why Aren’t We Talking About Men’s Mental Health? -Mental Health America, a community-based nonprofit

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"Why Aren’t We Talking About Men’s Mental Health?" jbws, Mental Health America, jbws.org/news/mens-mental-health/.

3. the main thesis of this page is that men suffer from depression but are less likely to do anything about it.

4. 49% of men feel more depressed than they admit to others. men are 4 times as likely to die by suicide then women. men are actively encouraged to not reach out about mental health issues. normative male alexithymia prevents many men from reaching out. many men lack a means to get support for mental health issues.

5. i'd use this site as further proof that men are less supported by society when it comes to mental health.

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Why aren't we talking about men's mental health?

There is a silent epidemic in society and it is likely impacting your family, coworkers, teachers, community members, or friends. In recent years, rates of male depression and suicide have risen dramatically. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, men are almost 4x more likely to die by suicide than women and *more than 6 million men in the U.S. experience symptoms of depression each year.

Despite these staggering statistics, a recent survey revealed that 49% of men felt more depressed than they admitted to the people in their lives. Perceptions of weakness about requiring therapy, reductive notions of gender roles, and cultural factors are some of the main barriers that limit men from seeking mental health assistance. This issue is compounded further for men impacted by domestic violence. According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, one in seven men will experience abuse by an intimate partner in their lifetime but men are substantially less likely than other populations to pursue mental health assistance (Wang & Miller, 2017).

"Men are not encouraged to discuss their mental health because of this pervasive 'suck it up, solve it yourself' messaging in society," explains Juli Harpell-Elam, Director of Abuse Prevention at JBWS' Jersey Center for Non-Violence (JCNV). "If men feel they have to act a certain way, then they can't express their whole humanness."

The societal pressure to appear tough may cause some men to struggle with an ability to express, describe, or distinguish their emotions. Known as normative male alexithymia (American Psychological Association), this difficulty expressing vulnerable emotions is a result of traditional masculine norms that emphasize toughness, stoicism, and competition. For men who have experienced domestic violence, a pervasive sense of shame may prevent them from reaching out.

However, JBWS strives to provide supportive services to all men impacted by domestic violence, including counseling services. For some male victims, these sessions are liberating because they are finally able to discuss their emotions without judgment. It removes societally imposed isolation and gives men a safe space to process feelings. This is particularly significantly because 15% of all men in America report having no close friends (Survey Center on American Life). It's even worse for younger men, with one in four under the age of 30 reporting that they have no close social connections (American Perspective Survey).

A lack of emotional support among friends and family is a serious problem among men because abuse thrives in isolation; both for the victim of abuse and those who choose abuse in their relationships. To disrupt isolation, encourage accountability, and examine belief systems that lead to abuse, JBWS developed a 26-session group program known as Abuse Ceases Today (ACT). Designed for men who have used controlling behavior toward a partner, the ACT program provides space to reflect on abusive behavior, examine belief systems, develop healthy communication skills, learn ways to manage disagreements, and gain coping skills.

While it is no excuse, choosing abuse in a relationship could also be the result of intergenerational trauma and prior experiences with abuse.

"We had a client come into the ACT program once who thought it was stupid," recalls Harpell-Elam. "After showing a film on domestic violence and how it impacts kids, he began to open up about his experience with abuse as a child."

Instead of being met with mockery or judgement for his emotions, this man was embraced by the group. In fact, another member noticed his attempt to suppress his emotions and said, "Nah, man. You gotta let that out. You gotta cry. You gotta cry. It's going to help you so much.'"

Normalizing discussions about men's mental health may make male victims more comfortable seeking services and may prevent men who have been abused themselves from choosing abuse in future relationships.

*Mental Health America, a community-based nonprofit.

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"Why Aren't We Talking About Men's Mental Health?" | JBWS

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Why aren't we talking about men's mental health? There is a silent epidemic in society and it is likely impacting your family, coworkers, teachers, community members, or friends. In recent years, rates of male depression and suicide have risen dramatically. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, men...

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The Gambling Behaviour and Attitudes to Sports Betting of Sports Fans. Seal, E., Cardak, B.A., Nicholson, M. et al.

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The Gambling Behaviour and Attitudes to Sports Betting of Sports Fans. Seal, E., Cardak, B.A., Nicholson, M. et al.

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2. Seal, E., Cardak, B.A., Nicholson, M. et al. The Gambling Behaviour and Attitudes to Sports Betting of Sports Fans. J Gambl Stud 38, 1371–1403 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10101-7

3. Sports betting, while dangerous to individuals and the public, is perceived as harmless, common, and a part of enjoying sports, especially among young men.

4. Betting and gambling brands advertising affect the attitudes of specific groups, including young people, parents, and young males. The availability and convenience of sports betting on mobile apps or online influence the gambling risk behaviors of young men. The results from research on understanding the demographic profiles and risk factors for sports bettors and their attitudes could inform public health interventions and policy to help ensure they appropriately address areas of concern.

5. I would use this source to explain how the normalization and popularization of betting on sports is a negative development that specifically affects young people.

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Pro Athletes Are Paid Too Much by Maryn Vaughn

Thesis - "Some would argue they should not be entitled to that kind of wealth and I would have to agree"

"For athletes to get paid at this rate compared to doctors who save lives on a daily basis is unreal"

"These athletes didn't choose to be paid these crazy amounts of money. The organizations are to blame, not the athlete themselves".

The article gives information and provides opinion on salaries for the players

Vaughn, Maryn. “Pro Athletes Are Paid Too Much.” The Sphinx, chssphinx.com/4760/sports/pro-athletes-are-paid-too-much/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2024.

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Are Pro Athletes Overpaid? -Jesse Spector, Fred Bowen

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Are Pro Athletes Overpaid? -Jesse Spector, Fred Bowen

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Works Cited

Spector, Jesse, and Fred Bowen. “Are Pro Athletes Overpaid?” Junior Scholastic, vol. 121, no. 10, Scholastic, Inc, 2019, pp. 22-23.

Thesis (Yes)

"The main problem is the huge amount of money involved in professional sport"(Sepctor 23).

Thesis (No)

"Players' salaries are simply their share of all the cash these hugely successful businesses bring in" (Bowen 23).

Argument (Yes)

Huge amount of money involved in professional sports that is raked in by the league and team owners

Fans shell out big money just to attend the events

Deals made with cable, TV, and streaming networks pay out billions

Maybe a special tax should be applied to help fund salaries for jobs that benefit the public

Argument (No)

Years of hard work to only work a lifespan of 5-10 years compared to 40-50 years for other jobs

Not everyone makes that much money, it can range from $500,00 to only $16,000

Lower salaries wouldn't mean less money, it would just mean less money to players and more money to the businesses

How to Use

Context and opinions from sportswriters used to describe the situation.

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Title IX: 50 Years Later, What Does Gender Equality in Sports Look Like? by Andrea Rice

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Title IX: 50 Years Later, What Does Gender Equality in Sports Look Like? by Andrea Rice

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Citation:

Rice, Andrea. “Title IX: 50 Years Later, What Does Gender Equality in Sports Look Like?” Healthline, Healthline Media, 23 June 2022, www.healthline.com/health-news/title-ix-50-years-later-what-does-gender-equality-in-sports-look-like. Accessed 13 Feb. 2024.

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3:

While progress has been made in the 50 years since Title IX, women still face many inequalities in sports compared to men.

4:

This source points out that:

women receive significantly less athletic opportunities than men

few high schools have a "strong record" of complying to Title IX

Few people in positions of power are knowledgeable about Title IX

why gender inequities still exist in sports

the effect sport inequality has on women's mental health

transgender people and the issues they face in sports

5:

We would use this source to show that female athletes need to be looked up to and praised the same way male athletes are. Women need to receive the same recognition for their accomplishments that men receive.

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Super Bowl’s historic ratings show that the NFL is at the apex of its powers By Oliver Darcy

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Super Bowl’s historic ratings show that the NFL is at the apex of its powers By Oliver Darcy

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Main Claim: The NFL is at the apex of its powers (at its highest point)

Explanation: 120 million viewers watched the sporting event on CBS, the largest audience ever for a single network. The Super Bowl also averaged 123.4 million viewers across all platforms.

Use: This source could be used as both evidence and context.

Citation: Darcy, Oliver. “Super Bowl’s Historic Ratings Show That the NFL Is at the Apex of Its Powers.” MSN, CNN, 13 Feb. 2024, www.msn.com/en-us/sports/nfl/super-bowl-s-historic-ratings-show-that-the-nfl-is-at-the-apex-of-its-powers/ar-BB1idZVw.

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Males and Mental Health Stigma by Benita N. Chatmon

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Males and Mental Health Stigma by Benita N. Chatmon

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2. Citation

Chatmon, Benita N. “Males and Mental Health Stigma.” American Journal of Men’s Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 19 Aug. 2020, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7444121/. Accessed 13 Feb, 2024.

3. the sources thesis/ claim is that since men ignore seeking help because society made it a masculine norms to suck it up, their mental health gets worse and nobody notices or help.

Males mental health is overlooked and ignored by society. Depression and suicide are ranked as a leading cause of death among men. "Men at a staggering 79% of 38,364 die by suicide at a rate four times higher than women." (Chatmon) . Within different cultures individuals with mental illnesses are considered weak or broken. Society has created this norm that men shouldn't talk about their feelings and its killing them, this could cause substance abuse, depression, interpersonal violence, issues with seeking help and dating (Chatmon).

5. I would use this source to express that men's mental health is at a decline and we need to fix it.

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Title: Sources of Stress and Their Associations With Mental Disorders Among College Students: Results of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Initiative by E. Karyotaki

Citation:

Karyotaki, Eirini et al. “Sources of Stress and Their Associations With Mental Disorders Among College Students: Results of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Initiative.” Frontiers in psychology 11 (2020): 1759–1759. Web.

Thesis: "Identifying the sources of stress and their relative importance in leading to clinically significant emotional problems may assist in the development of targeted stress management interventions" (Karyotaki).

4. This article chose to study mental health and stress in college students. They used surveys to help gather data from college students to learn more about sources of stress and how that relates to mental health. In this articles discussion, they come to conclusions about the relationship of stress and mental health.

5. I would use some of the statistics from survey responses as well as quotes from the author. If I were to argue that more steps need to be taken to improve the mental health crisis in college campuses, then this article would be greatly benefitial as a source.

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Super Bowl LVIII sets record with a staggering 123.4 million viewers, American TV's biggest audience since moon landing, by Oliver Darcy

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Super Bowl LVIII sets record with a staggering 123.4 million viewers, American TV's biggest audience since moon landing, by Oliver Darcy

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Thesis- "Super Bowl LVIII had surpassed all charts in America and became the most watched television in a generation."

This years' super bowl was the most highly anticipated ever.

This past Sunday, Super Bowl LVIII broke the previous most watched Super Bowl record.

This game approached the all-time most watched television broadcast in the United States, set in 1969.

Citation

Darcy, Oliver. "Super Bowl LVIII sets record with a staggering 123.4 million viewers, American Tv's biggest audience since moon landing, 13 February 2024, www.cnn.com/2024/02/12/media/super-bowl-lviii-ratings/index.html

I would use this source to compare the numbers or ratings pulled from the super bowl to other highly anticipated broadcasts. This could show that Super Bowl LVIII was the most watched television.

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Super Bowl LVIII sets ratings record with a staggering 123.4 million viewers, TV's biggest audience since the moon landing | CNN Business

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Super Bowl LVIII was the most-watched television broadcast in a generation.

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Armstrong, Martin. “Infographic: Mental Health: The Impact of Social Media on Young People.” Statista Infographics, Statista, 2019, www.statista.com/chart/19262

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1. Mental Health: Impact of Social Media on Young People,Martin Armstrong

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1. Mental Health: Impact of Social Media on Young People,Martin Armstrong

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3. This graph shows the social media platform that affects teens"s mental health the most.

4. The argument is which social media platform affects teens' mental health the most

5. I would use this source to compare the different platforms and their different effects on teen's mental health.

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Athlete’s Mental Health and Psychological Support -Shinji Yamaguchi, Miyuki Nakamura, Ryusei Noguri, Nobuto Shibata

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Athlete’s Mental Health and Psychological Support -Shinji Yamaguchi, Miyuki Nakamura, Ryusei Noguri, Nobuto Shibata

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Works Cited

YAMAGUCHI, SHINJI, et al. “Athlete’s Mental Health and Psychological Support.” Juntendo Iji Zasshi = Juntendo Medical Journal, vol. 66, no. Suppl.1, 2020, pp. 78–82, https://doi.org/10.14789/jmj.2020.66.JMJ19-P03.

Thesis

"In the field of mental health and psychology there is a growing interest in research on mental health issues related to athletic performance, an increase in the number of case studies using mental training to demonstrate methods to increase competitive performance, as well as other sports psychological efforts in preparation for the Olympics" (Yamaguchi).

Argument

Exercise can be a way to relieve mental ailments

There can be a problem of overemphasis on victory

Athletes can exhibit disorders such as mental, behavioral, and physical problems that are sports specific

Mental health support are necessary for athletes to compete at their best with out burnout and depression

Athletes are possibly more mentally vulnerable compared to the general populace

How to Use

Arguments and studies for why mental health care psychology support is necessary for athletes

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Simon M. Rice The Mental Health A Narrative Systematic Review

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Simon M. Rice The Mental Health A Narrative Systematic Review

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2. Rice, Simon M., et al. “The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review - Sports Medicine.” SpringerLink, Springer International Publishing, 20 Feb. 2016, link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2.

3. Elite Athletes are more susceptible to mental health.

4. Mental health in elite athletes is more likely to occur whether that be eating disorders, anxiety, or substance. Through evidence use of mental health and well-being due to the high levels of stress mentally and physically occurring.

5. I would use this to provide information as they have over 60 sites, and multiple factual data to support and provide information. It also conveys an opinion based content from athletes and surveys.

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World Cup Final scores 1.5 bn global viewers. by Robert Jones

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World Cup Final scores 1.5 bn global viewers. by Robert Jones

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Citation:

Jones, R. (2023, January 19). Qatar 2022: World Cup Final scores 1.5 bn global viewers. SportsPro. https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/qatar-2022-fifa-world-cup-final-argentina-france-viewers-engagement/?zephr_sso_ott=YBDwWj#:~:text=Ecuador%27s%20tournament%20opening%20win%20over%20hosts%20brings%20in%20500m%20viewers%20worldwide.&text=Argentina%27s%20shootout%20win%20over%20France,billion%20viewers%2C%20Fifa%20has%20revealed.

The World Cup Final reaching 1.5 billion viewers and the governing body reporting revenue of $7.5 billion over the tournaments 4 year commercial cycle.

This article is about how much engagement the World Cup got from 5.95 billion social media engagements to 500 million people watching the opening game of the tournament, Ecuador vs Qatar.

I would use this source to compare it to other sources about the World Cup and how the tv companies benefitted.

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Each group member will be responsible for rhetorically analyzing ONE of the group's sources (one person per source).

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Each group member will be responsible for rhetorically analyzing ONE of the group's sources (one person per source).

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The subject line should be your name and the title of the source you are doing. Each body of the response should include an explanation of the basic six elements of your source: author, audience, purpose, time, place, and medium (at least 1-2 sentences each).

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Pro Athletes are paid too much                                               

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Pro Athletes are paid too much                                               

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Pro Athletes Are Paid Too Much by Maryn Vaughn

Thesis - "Although they are incredibly hard workers who inspire younger generations, I think it is ridiculous for them to get paid insane amount they do for entertaining the world for 2 to 3 hours on television."

"For athletes to get paid at this rate compared to doctors who save lives on a daily basis is unreal."

"These athletes didn't choose to be paid these crazy amounts of money. The organization are to blame, not the athlete themselves."

The article gives information and provides opinion on salaries for the players."

Vaughn, Maryn. “Pro Athletes Are Paid Too Much.” The Sphinx, 28 Nov. 2022, chssphinx.com/4760/sports/pro-athletes-are-paid-too-much/.

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1. A School Environment Can Positively (or Negatively) Affect a Student’s Mental Health

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1. A School Environment Can Positively (or Negatively) Affect a Student’s Mental Health

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2. Forte, Denise. “A School Environment Can Positively (or Negatively) Affect a Student’s Mental Health.” The Education Trust, The Education Trust, 11 May 2023, edtrust.org/the-equity-line/a-school-environment-can-positively-or-negatively-affect-a-students-mental-health/.

3. The article goes in depth about multiple things about school that can affect a young student's mental health.

4. The article talks a lot about how lots of students, adolescents, experienced feelings of things like sadness and hopelessness during the Covid-19 pandemic. These feelings have apparently not gone away and students are still feeling pressured, stressed and overwhelmed constantly.

5. I would use this source for some kind of argument about how people think that mental health does not affect everyone and that people may need to have some kind of 'trauma' to experience bad things with their mental health.

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Luke Marks "Sources of Stress and Their Associations With Mental Disorders Among College Students: Results of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Initiative"

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Luke Marks "Sources of Stress and Their Associations With Mental Disorders Among College Students: Results of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Initiative"

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The author is a bunch of different people but the first person listed is Eirini Karyotaki. The audience is likely college students since that is who the article is addressing. The purpose is to educate people on a significant problem that is negatively effecting others. It is from July 29, 2020. The place that the article focused on was college campuses. Finally the medium of the source is a peer-reviewed article online that is available for free.

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Pro Athletes Are Paid Too Much: Jack Basler

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Pro Athletes Are Paid Too Much: Jack Basler

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Author: The author wants people to understand how much the athletes actually make. He expresses this by saying that Lebron makes $11,000 a minute.

Audience: The intended audience would most likely be people who enjoy watching sports and his goal would be to try to show them that their favorite celebrities make too much.

Purpose: The goal of this piece is to inform people that are not aware of how much athletes get paid, how much they do and how it compares to the average working person.

Time: This was written in 2022, which was when Lebron had the largest contract in the NBA and making history with the numbers he was getting paid.

Medium: It is an online article that is free for anyone to read at anytime.

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Mental Health in Athletes: Where Are the Treatment Studies? 

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Mental Health in Athletes: Where Are the Treatment Studies? 

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Mental Health in Athletes: Where Are the Treatment Studies by Rebecka Ekelund, Stefan Holmstrom, and Andreas Stenling

Citation:

Ekelund, Rebecka, et al. “Mental Health in Athletes: Where Are the Treatment Studies?” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 13, 4 July 2022, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.781177.

Thesis - "We argue that N-of-1 studies provide a promising approach to build a knowledge base or treating mental health problems and disorders in athletes, which would aid in psychologists's mission to offer the best possible support for athletes who need it."

"This has important implications for both assessing the prevalence of and treating mental health problems and disorders."

"What is known about psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health problems and disorders in athletes."

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An Explosion in Sports Betting Is Driving Gambling Addiction Among College Students - Oliver Staley

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An Explosion in Sports Betting Is Driving Gambling Addiction Among College Students - Oliver Staley

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2. Citation: Staley, Oliver. An Explosion in Sports Betting is Driving Gambling Addiction Among College Students. TIME. December 12, 2023. Date Accessed: February 15, 2024.

3. College students are quickly becoming addicted to betting on sports using apps or websites, and it's taking a toll on their studies and financial security.

4. "One in ten college students is a pathological gambler." A recurring theme among college gamblers is the use of a mobile phone to place bets. Gambling using a mobile phone may be a byproduct of social media style pursuit of dopamine. There are few safety-nets for college students to fall back on, and not enough resources for young gamblers to reach out to for help.

5. I would use this source to express how dangerous new forms of gambling can be to young people.

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When Evan Ozmat, a Ph.D. student in psychology at the University at Albany, first began counseling undergraduates about HIV and substance abuse, he expected to hear about their health issues. Instead, he heard about problem gambling.

"Since the beginning of the project three years ago, students have brought up, unprompted, gambling," Ozmat says. "We started asking about it in every appointment and everyone has something to say. It's everywhere."

The majority of the gambling takes place on mobile phones, Ozmat says, largely-although not exclusively-on sports betting apps. Served up to students through ubiquitous ads that offer promises of "free" bets and easy wins, the apps sink their hooks deep into students, leading them to spend their financial aid money, lie to their parents, and ignore their studies so they can keep playing, he says. Students from low-income families are particularly vulnerable, as they lack the financial safety net to bounce back from losses.

"It almost feels like binge drinking or methamphetamines, where they are going on benders," he says. "They'll make bets and bets and bets and bets and then wonder, 'how the hell did I get here?'"

More From TIME

Gambling addiction is a disorder recognized by the American Psychiatric Association, but students who don't meet all the criteria for a clinical diagnosis can still struggle with gambling. It's often correlated with other forms of addiction, as well as anxiety and depression, experts say, and problem gambler are at greater risk of suicide. Because it is legal, because it is aggressively promoted by corporations, because of its capacity for destruction, and because it is spreading so quickly, observers see parallels between gambling and opioid addiction.

"I look at the legalization of gambling like I look at the opioid crisis," says Diana Goode, executive director of the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling. "I think we're only really seeing the beginning of what's going to happen, especially with our kids with problems." Since 2019, the number of people contacting the Connecticut council's gambling hotline has doubled, and gamblers needing help are getting younger and younger.

"We used to think the problem gambler was a little old lady at the slot machine," Goode said. "Now, it's the 20-something male betting on sports. That is the new demographic of the problem gambler. And I would say 40% of our calls are from that demographic or about that demographic. Because it's not just these kids that are calling, it's their parents."

One in 10 college students

One out of 10 college students is a pathological gambler, according to one meta-analysis conducted by professors at the University of Buffalo, far higher than the 2-5% of the U.S. general population estimated to have a gambling problem. Other studies place the number of student gambling addicts lower, but still higher than the overall population of pathological gamblers.

That Buffalo analysis looked at 18 separate surveys conducted between 2005 and 2013, before the widespread legalization of sports betting, which is "the largest and fastest expansion of gambling in our nation's history," according to Keith Whyte, the executive director of the National Council on Problem Gambling.

More recent statistics about the prevalence of problem gambling among you people since the advent of mobile sports betting are unavailable, in part because the wave of online sports betting has crashed onto colleges so suddenly. While college students have always gambled, whether playing poker or betting on sports with a bookie, the betting apps are finding unusual traction on campuses.

Another survey of 3,527 Americans between ages 18 and 22-mostly college students-released in April by the National College Athletic Association, shows how sports betting has become commonplace. Nearly 60% have bet on sports, and 4% do so daily. Almost 6% reported losing more than $500 in a single day.

Overall, education generally helps inoculate people against gambling addiction, with higher levels of education attainment associated with fewer instances of problem gambling. That's not the case with sports betting, says Whyte. "The biggest increases in gambling participation have been among young, educated men," he says. "The closer you are to college, the more likely you are to bet sports."

While sports is the preferred vehicle for gambling among young people, other forms of betting or financial speculation are on the rise, as well. Students are also trading stocks, cryptocurrencies, and foreign exchange, and can exhibit the same addictive qualities as sports gamblers.

The common denominator among all these forms of betting are mobile phones. Gambling on a phone can combine the compulsive behavior created by social media -the constant pursuit of dopamine hits-with the addictive qualities of gambling. Perhaps more critically, it also eradicates the barriers of time and space that once were obstacles for gamblers, says Dr. James Sherer, a psychiatrist who treats addiction in New Jersey. "You don't have to go to a casino, you don't have to go to a bank, you don't need to carve time out of your schedule, you can do it at work, you can do it in the middle of the night," he says. Sports betting also allows for a constant stream of live, real-time wagers on events within a game, such as how many hits a baseball player will get, further engrossing the gambler.

And online gambling sites make use of the same tracking software as other sites, making sure gamblers are followed across the web by advertisements and enticements to keep betting.

"Because of the way advertising works these days, even if you are trying to avoid it, you are going to be served up more options and opportunities to re-engage in that behavior than if you were someone who never engaged in that behavior in the first place," says Sherer, who serves on the American Psychiatric Association's task force on addiction. "The second you really start to struggle, you are set for continued issues down the line."

Mobile phones also means easy access to loans, via payday loan services and other sources, some of which will deposit funds into gambler's accounts minutes after opening an account. "You can't have a gambling addiction unless you have credit," says Dr. Timothy Fong, a University of California, Los Angeles psychiatrist who specializes in addictions. "That's what sustains it."

The Supreme Court's role

The modern age of sports gambling began in 2018, when the U.S. Supreme Court struck down a 1992 federal law that restricted sports betting to a handful of states and Native American tribal lands. The court ruled states were free to set their own regulations, and as a result, many state legislatures-seeing a new source of tax revenue-rushed to pass laws legalizing sports betting. More than 30 states now permit sports betting and most that allow it also permit online sports betting. Professional sports leagues, once ardently opposed to gambling for fear it would undermine the integrity of their games, have embraced this new reality, and sportscasts are blanketed with advertising for betting apps.

From January of 2021, through September of this year, the average monthly users of the most popular betting apps has soared 600%, to 16.3 million, according to internet data company SimilarWeb.

Spending on television ads for betting sites has also climbed, to $305 million through November of this year, up from $197 million for all of 2021, according to iSpot.TV, which tracks advertising. ISpot data also show betting ads are spreading from live sport broadcasts to reruns of shows like Friends and South Park as the industry seeks new potential gamblers

College students are particularly prone to falling into problem gambling due to what researchers Donald Nowak and Ariel Aloe, both at the University of Buffalo, call "the Five A's:" The availability of betting opportunities, social acceptability of gambling, exposure to widespread advertising, access to spending money, and being at an age when young people experiment with risky behavior.

Fong, the UCLA doctor, also identifies a fear of missing out, or FOMO, as a prime condition for luring college students. Gamblers are enticed with teases and offers, all with the promise of hitting a huge score. It animates speculators on crypto currencies and stocks as well as gamblers.

"You have a chance to beat the bank, you have a chance to be spectacular," Fong says of the gambler's mindset. "Gambling is really good at playing on FOMO."

"I was like a coke addict"

Josh, a 33-year old in Toronto who asked we not use his last name, began gambling as a teenager when he started playing lottery games, which paid off daily. He said he dropped them as soon as he discovered online gambling in his early 20s, and now "99% of the gambling I've done in the last five years has been on my phone."

Sports betting apps, he says, vastly increased the options and opportunities. The sites pushed live betting, sucking him in deeper. "I've used like 1,000 different sites," he says. "I knew nothing about the teams or even the sports sometimes. I was like a coke addict." He would gamble using cryptocurrencies, which he said allowed for faster transactions. Even when he would take advantage of sites' self-exclusion options -essentially banning himself-he would turn around and ask to be let back on. "I wish I had a casino gambling hobby," he says. "You have to leave your house and go to the casino and bet. Now you can be sitting on the toilet and deposit an infinite amount of money."

After racking up $200,000 in debt and contemplating embezzling to pay for his habit, he says he hit bottom about four months ago and hasn't gambled since. He has handed over all his finances to his mother, who gives him a small allowance, and he no longer has the passwords to his own bank account. He's been attending Gamblers Anonymous meetings and sees a therapist regularly but still he says "I worry about relapsing every day."

Universities scramble to catch up

While Josh is in cognitive behavioral therapy, a common treatment for gambling addiction, he says he's not convinced his therapist fully appreciates the depths to which he sank, or the power of the technology has over him.

Therapists who specialize in gambling addiction are a small sub-set, and clinicians with experience helping gamblers are rare on college campuses. Large universities have counseling departments, to help students with things like depression and anxiety, and they also employ professionals to deal with substance abuse. Gambling falls between the cracks and "doesn't have a home," says Jim Lange, the executive director of the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Drug Misuse Prevention and Recovery, at Ohio State University. Schools don't usually ask about gambling on student welfare surveys, he says, and students who self-report gambling addictions are extremely uncommon, and probably not representative of the overall population.

Campuses may be slow to appreciate the problem in part because gambling addictions aren't as visible as other disorders, Lange says. Without the same signs of erratic behavior or weight loss that can alert peers or professors to a substance abuse disorder, even close friends or partners of gambling addicts can miss the problem. In many cases, when college counseling services do become aware of problem gambling, it's often because the student has other, more obvious mental health issues.

To address this gap in care, Lange and others formed a consortium of university substance abuse experts to try and develop best practices for educating and treating college students. About 20 experts convene once a month to discuss findings and new research.

Here and there, universities are beginning to experiment with programs modeled on what has worked with other destructive behaviors. At Towson University, outside Baltimore, for example, the staff at the student counseling center began preparing for a wave of problem gambling when legal sports betting launched in Maryland in 2022. With a small grant, the center began doing outreach to students and running public service ads about gambling addiction, based on what they knew worked for substance abuse. When they looked for examples of how other universities ran similar programs, they couldn't find any. Addressing gambling among college students is so new, as far as they could tell, they were the first campus in the U.S. to run a campaign targeting problem gambling.

At the University at Albany, trained student "navigators" have spread out across campus, asking peers a few questions designed to ferret out risky behavior. If the students indicate they may have a problem, the navigators direct them to university resources. Originally part of a grant targeting HIV and substance abuse, questions about gambling have now been folded into the surveys, says Dolores Cimini, the Albany psychologist who leads the effort. The program vastly expands the school's ability to screen students beyond just who shows up at the campus health center, Cimini says. "Our goal is to reach every student, through advisors or screeners."

Treatment can be effective-when it's available

Treatment for gambling can range from group sessions or a peer-led program like Gamblers Anonymous to one-on-one meetings with a psychologist, which can include cognitive behavioral therapy. On rare occasions it can result in admission to a residential treatment facility. Some private insurance plans will cover treatment, but not all. It can depend on the state, and whether state law mandates insurers cover all recognized disorders.

When help is available, it is effective. "Our treatment data show that a significant majority stop gambling or reduce their gambling, and improve their quality of life," says Fong, from UCLA. "Left without treatment, we know people die. People kill themselves, people go bankrupt."

While treatment availability remains a concern, college addiction specialists are more worried about how quickly mobile sports betting has outpaced public policy prescriptions for addressing problem gambling among young people. In most states, advertisements are required to contain a phone number or link to gambling hotlines, but the print is often small, or rushed through if it's an ad on the radio or a podcast. As Goode, from the Connecticut gambling council, notes, how helpful is a small phone number on a highway billboard when cars rush by at 65 miles per hour?

And while online sites say they exclude underage gamblers, here's evidence their efforts are ineffective. When the Massachusetts Gaming Commission last month asked mobile betting operators how many accounts of underage gamblers they detected over the last three months, some said zero and the rest put the number in single digits.

What's really required, Fong says, is a national response undergirded by federal policy. That would include much more supervision of mobile betting operators, and a significant increase in federal research spending into gambling addiction, which vastly trails spending on other forms of addictions. Fong also favors tighter control on advertising

"We should be studying what those ads are doing to those people's brains," he says. "They're supposed to be regulated, but no state is very aggressive about going after them."

A total ban on online gambling would be counterproductive, Fong says, as it would just encourage a black market. And he notes most gamblers are not addicts, and bet responsibly and within their limits. There is also a social value in gambling, Fong says. It provides entertainment and generates economic activity. Done responsibly, it can even help young people explore their appetite for risk, much as going to a horror movie can help them explore fear. But with online sports betting, the equation is out of kilter, and the societal damage is quickly outweighing any benefits.

"The harm is happening for real right now and we don't know what the next five to 10 years look like," Fong says. "If we increased gambling by even half a percent, we're talking about millions and millions of lives damaged."

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Gambling Addiction is Spreading in Colleges

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Problem gambling among college students is on the rise, driven by a wave of heavily promoted sports betting apps.

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Males and Mental Health Stigma - Austin Fleming

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Males and Mental Health Stigma - Austin Fleming

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Purpose - The purpose of this text is showing how society has forced men to bottle up their emotions / mental illnesses and not seek help because their men. When they ignore their mental illnesses and emotions it makes it worse for them.

Author - Benita N. Chatmon is a credible source they have a PhD , MSN ( Master of Science in Nursing ), RN (registered nurse), and a CNE. This gives them the authority to write about this because they have a high education to write about this and they have many sources in their text.

Audience - The intended audience is everyone, everyone needs to know this information so we can fix the problem.

Time / Place - 2020 July, this is important because at this time covid just began and it made everyone's emotions go crazy, and medically some people couldn't get their medication or go to places to get help.

Medium - This is an article with body paragraphs. Each paragraph has its own heading and point.

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Men’s Sports or Women’s Sports?: Gender Norms, Sports Participation, and Media Consumption as Predictors of Sports Gender Typing in China

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Men’s Sports or Women’s Sports?: Gender Norms, Sports Participation, and Media Consumption as Predictors of Sports Gender Typing in China

# data[].attributes.body
Xu, Qingru. “Men’s Sports or Women’s Sports?: Gender Norms, Sports Participation, and Media Consumption as Predictors of Sports Gender Typing in China - Qingru Xu, Minghui Fan, Kenon A. Brown, 2021.” Communication & Sport, 2021, journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2167479519860209. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.

3. Sports are perceived as more masculine, which allows women limited access to them.

4. Women rarely have access to the same sports or the same level of them, when compare to men, for example out of 57 Olympic sports, only 2 allowed women to compete directly against men.

5. I would use this source to provide information, as it uses a lot of evidence and cites a lot of studies to prove them.

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Terrell Rey," Mental Health: Impact of Social Media on Young People, by Martin Armstrong"

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Terrell Rey," Mental Health: Impact of Social Media on Young People, by Martin Armstrong"

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The author of this source is Martin Armstrong. The audience is young people whose mental health has been affected by social media. The purpose of this source is to inform people how social media platforms affect young people differently. Showing that Instagram has a different impact that snapchat, or Facebook would have. This source is from September 6, 2019. The place is on social media. The medium of the source is written by a data journalist on Statista. This source can be accessed for free but other sources may require a fee.

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Super Bowl LVIII sets record with a staggering 123.4 million viewers, American TV’s biggest audience since moon landing

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Author: The author of this source is Oliver Darcy, an writer for CNN

Audience:

Purpose: This source's rhetorical analysis is logos because it uses facts and data to support its main idea. This source aims to inform the audience about the most-watched Super Bowl broadcast.

Time:

Place:

Purpose

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Super Bowl LVIII sets ratings record with a staggering 123.4 million viewers, TV's biggest audience since the moon landing | CNN Business

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Super Bowl LVIII was the most-watched television broadcast in a generation.

# data[].attributes.headline
Chris - Why Aren’t We Talking About Men’s Mental Health?

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Chris - Why Aren’t We Talking About Men’s Mental Health?

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Purpose - The purpose of this article is to inform people of the lack of mental health resources and knowledge for men.

Author - Juli Harpell-Elam is a author for JBWS and works for their abuse prevention center.

Audience - the audience is everyone but more specifically to people who are not men.

Time/Place - This was written post 2017 so it is current enough to show modern issues.

Medium - the medium for this is writing.

Organization - the organization that wrote this article is JBWS. JBWS is a social services organization based in New Jersy.

Appeals - the article uses Ethos, Logos, and Pathos to convey its message to the reader.

style - the style the author wrote in is a semi formal. the author uses formal writing to convey important information and informal writing to relate to the reader.

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Taylor Frick "Super Bowl LVIII sets record with a staggering 123.4 million viewers, American TV’s biggest audience since moon landing"

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Taylor Frick "Super Bowl LVIII sets record with a staggering 123.4 million viewers, American TV’s biggest audience since moon landing"

# data[].attributes.body
The article is written by Oliver Darcy who is a senior media reporter at CNN. The purpose of the article is that the NFL continues to draw the huge audiences each year and is always one of the most viewed programs on television. The audience is most likely anyone interested in sports news or anyone who reads and watches CNN regularly. It was published February 13, 2024, and posted on the CNN website. The medium is that it was published online.

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Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry Series Contemporary Topics in Women's Mental Health Section 1: Current Themes in Psychiatric Disorders in Women

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Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry Series Contemporary Topics in Women's Mental Health Section 1: Current Themes in Psychiatric Disorders in Women

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2. Work Citation:

Okasha, A. and Chandra, P.S. (2009). Part Introduction. In Contemporary Topics in Women's Mental Health (eds H. Herrman, P.S. Chandra, H. Herrman, J. Fisher, M. Kastrup, U. Niaz, M.B. Rondón and A. Okasha). https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470746738.part1

3. Women also struggle with mental illness and receiving a misdiagnosis due to their behaviors. Physical effects in the body can be the cause of it.

4. This source states:

"That women from many non western cultures may hence not distinguish between the emotions of anxiety, irritability and depression because they tend to express distress in somatic terms or they may organise their concepts of dysphoria in ways different from western ones..."

"Explain the genesis of somatoform symptoms, conversion and dissociation which include the central effects of inflammatory and immune mediators and the role of female sex hormones as stress-immune system interactions."

Several types/topics of mental illnesses within women from around the world and etc.

5. This source may be valuable to show how a woman with mental illness and physiology work. As well knowledge that women from different parts of the world can view things/emotions differently and may affect the outcome of a proper diagnosis or can cause confusion.

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Jonathan Filges - The Gambling Behavior and Attitudes to Sports Betting of Sports Fans.

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Jonathan Filges - The Gambling Behavior and Attitudes to Sports Betting of Sports Fans.

# data[].attributes.body
Purpose: This piece was written to express the dangers that betting on sports poses to young people, who are the most vulnerable group. One part of the argument is that the advertising methods used by gambling brands target young people. Also, the main medium of which gambling is accessed is mobile devices. This makes it much easier for people to place bets, simply open an app and play.

Authors: Seal, E., Cardak, B.A., Nicholson, M. et al.

Audience: The target audience could possibly be young people who are of gambling age, but the intended audience could likely just be anyone, since it is a pretty wide ranging issue. There would not be an unintended audience either.

Time/Place: This work was published on February 1, 2022, very recent and the problem is still relatively the same. This piece was written four years after sports betting officially became legal in the United States in 2018 (with some states being exceptions). Betting on sports today is legal in 38 states.

Medium: This work is in the form of an article written online.

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World Cup Final scores 1.5 bn global viewers. Archie Mcdonnell

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World Cup Final scores 1.5 bn global viewers. Archie Mcdonnell

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The author wants people to understand the large scale of the World Cup and how many people watched the final as it was an astounding number of people.

The audience would most likely be people who enjoy different statistics about soccer and people who relate to it.

The purpose of this article is to inform people about the World Cup, it goes onto tell you about different statistics like how many social media engagements there were and things like that.

This was written in January of 2023, so just a few weeks after the World Cup final had took place and they had gathered this kind of data.

It's an online article for anyone to read and it's free.

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Title IX: 50 Yeats Later, What Does Gender Equality in Sports Look Like? Rachel Knudten

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Title IX: 50 Yeats Later, What Does Gender Equality in Sports Look Like? Rachel Knudten

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The author of this article is Andrea Rice.

The audience of this article are readers of popular website Healthline.

The purpose of this article is to point out that while Title IX has improved equality in sports, it has not yet fulfilled it's intended purpose of ending sex discrimination in any organization receiving federal financial assistance.

The time of this article is significant because it was written and published in June 23 2022, 50 years to the day after Title IX was signed into law.

This article is significant in the United States, because it's about a specific law that was signed into federal law in the United States, and therefore isn't applicable to other parts of the world.

The medium of this is an article published on a well-known website open to the public.

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Men’s Sports or Women’s Sports?: Gender Norms, Sports Participation, and Media Consumption as Predictors of Sports Gender Typing in China - Charlie Kindler

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Men’s Sports or Women’s Sports?: Gender Norms, Sports Participation, and Media Consumption as Predictors of Sports Gender Typing in China - Charlie Kindler

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This article has many authors, one of those being Qingru Xu, who has written several articles studying gender in sports.

The audience for this article is anyone who is interested in sports, and specifically women who are.

The main purpose for this is to inform people on the gender bias when it comes to sports and raise awareness of the challenge that women face is they want to get involved in them.

The place is originally focusing on China, but they also include studies from around the world such as England, and also information from the Olympics which is an international event. As for the time, this was written in April of 2021.

This was written on Sage Journals, volume 9, issue 2, published electronically.

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Leslie Smith - Women's Mental Health: Facts and Statistics 

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Leslie Smith - Women's Mental Health: Facts and Statistics 

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2. Citation

Katie Kottemann, MA. “Women’s Mental Health: Facts and Statistics.” Innerbody, Innerbody Research, 13 June 2022, www.innerbody.com/womens-mental-health-facts-and-statistics.

3. Seeking treatment for female mental health sounds easier than it looks, but factors such as finances, ethnicity, and education are causing why not all women can get access to the treatments they need.

4. Female willingness to seek mental health care is seen to be easier compared to most men. There is a smaller negative stigma around females seeking mental help because many women are commonly known to express how they are feeling and are more open-minded to seek alternatives.

"Perhaps the most prominent theory of the mental health gender gap is that women are more willing to seek treatment when encountering issues."

"Women often make less money and do not hold authoritative positions within companies or organizations."

This is a good source to use because it discusses not only the reasons why women are more likely to reach out for mental help but also several causes that prompt women to want to seek out help for physical, financial, and business reasons.

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2) Citation: Pantic, Igor. “Online Social Networking and Mental Health.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Oct. 2014, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4183915/#:~:text=Several%20studies%20have%20indicated%20that,especially%20in%20children%20and%20adolescents.

3. Social media, popular amongst most people can cause an uprise in depression and other mental health issues, and decreases in social interactions.

4. A frequent usage of social media causes depression and makes "typical" social interactions obsolete, all while making self-esteem low.

5. I would use this source to show that social media is having a bad overall effect on people. Social media is affecting day to day tasks now and not just in the long term.