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1. Short Form Social Media Content

2. Local News Article

3. National News Article

4. International News Article

5. Local or National News Video Segment

6. International News Video Segment

7. Advocacy poster or Print Ad

8. Public Service message or Promotional Video

9. Magazine or Featured Article

10. Vlog Feature

11. Data Infographic or Statistics

12. Government Website Content

13. Non-government organization or Academic Institution Article

14. Podcast or Documentary

15. Webinar or lecture of ted talk

16. Book or research paper

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URL: https://www.tiktok.com/@jddavaometalfabrication/video/7322743335284657413

TITLE: Testing of Plastic and Cellophane Pulverizer Machine for Solid Waste Management Equipment

AUTHOR: tiktok: @jddavaometalfabrication

DATE PUBLISHED: January 11, 2024

KEY INFORMATION:

JD DAVAO METAL FABRICATION AND SERVICES is testing its Plastic and cellophane pulverize machine with four different types of plastics: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic, and polypropylene or cellophane, and Styrofoam

The company tested plastics that were already used and thrown away. The testing and machine aims for solid waste management.

This act of solid waste management certainly decreases plastic's harm to the environment and health of Davaoeños.

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URL: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/how-davao-faces-its-garbage-concern

TITLE: How Davao Faces Its Garbage Concern

AUTHOR: Jennie P. Arado

DATE PUBLISHED: June 13, 2021

KEY INFORMATION:

Davao City is dealing with a waste management problem, with its Carmen landfill approaching full capacity, worsened by the pandemic. A solution proposed includes a Waste To Energy (WTE) project with JICA; funding issues and environmental worries about harmful emissions are obstacles. Critics advocate more stricenforcementoofto the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. Local actions like Davao Thermo Biotech Corp.’s Yellow Drum Project transformed biodegradable waste tintobbiofertilizers. Meanwhile, Winder Recycling Company repurposes single-use plastics into many more durable products. Two seek support from the government to enlarge sustainable waste management practices.

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EVEN before the pandemic, the city government of Davao and the different environmentalist groups were already anticipating the exhaustion sooner or later of the

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URL: https://www.google.com/amp/s/newsinfo.inquirer.net/1492786/groups-urge-davao-city-to-choose-zero-waste-solutions-over-incineration/amp

TITLE: Groups Urge Davao City to Choose zero-waste solutions over Incineration

AUTHOR: Inquirer Mindanao

DATE PUBLISHED: September 25, 2021

KEY INFORMATION:

environmental advocates urging Davao City to choose zero-waste solutions over incineration. It discusses the planned waste-to-energy (WTE) project in Davao City. Environmental advocates of the Sustainable Davao Movement (SDM) raised concerns about the planned WTE project. The SDM said that WTE "will only worsen the climate crisis" as it burns plastic and produces a high amount of greenhouse gas and toxic emissions.

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Groups urge Davao City to choose zero-waste solutions over incineration

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MANILA, Philippines -- Environmental advocates belonging to the Sustainable Davao Movement (SDM) raised concerns anew about the planned waste-to-energy (WTE) project in Davao City in time for the

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(Researched by Sylvia Lorena V. Carabuena)

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URL: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/16/world/plastic-pollution-unep-climate-intl/index.html

TITLE: The world can cut plastic pollution by 80% by 2040, the UN says. Here’s how

AUTHOR: Laura Paddison, CNN

DATE PUBLISHED: May 16, 2023

KEY INFORMATION: Reusing plastics would have the greatest impact, according to the report, which recommends promoting options such as refillable bottles, deposit programs to incentivize people to return plastic products and packaging take-back programs. This would be the most “powerful market shift,” reducing plastic pollution by 30% by 2040, the report said.

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Countries could slash plastic pollution by 80% in less than two decades, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Programme.

Plastic pollution is a scourge that affects every part of the world, from the Arctic, to the oceans and the air we breathe.

It's even changing ecosystems. Scientists recently found rocks made from plastic on a remote Brazilian island, and there is now so much plastic swirling in parts of the Pacific Ocean that communities of coastal creatures are thriving on it, thousands of miles from their home.

The last few decades have seen plastic production levels soar, especially single-use plastic, and waste management systems have not kept pace. The world generated 139 million metric tons of single use plastic waste in 2021.

Global production of plastic is set to triple by 2060 if no action is taken.

UNEP's report aims to offer a roadmap to governments and businesses to dramatically cut levels of plastic pollution. It focuses on three main strategies: reuse, recycling and alternative materials.

Reusing plastics would have the greatest impact, according to the report, which recommends promoting options such as refillable bottles, deposit programs to incentivize people to return plastic products and packaging take-back programs. This would be the most "powerful market shift," reducing plastic pollution by 30% by 2040, the report said.

Scaling up recycling levels could reduce plastic pollution by a further 20%, according to the report. Only around 9% of plastics are recycled globally each year, with the rest ending up in landfill or incinerated.

The report also recommends discontinuing the fossil fuel subsidies that help make new plastic products cheaper, which disincentivizes recycling and the use of alternative materials. Fossil fuels are the raw ingredient for almost all plastics.

The use of appropriate alternative materials for single-use products, such as wrappers and sachets - including switching to compostable materials that more easily break down - could reduce plastic pollution by 17%, the report found.

"The way we produce, use and dispose of plastics is polluting ecosystems, creating risks for human health and destabilizing the climate," said Inger Andersen, UNEP Executive Director, in a statement.

"This UNEP report lays out a roadmap to dramatically reduce these risks through adopting a circular approach that keeps plastics out of ecosystems, out of our bodies and in the economy."

The report estimates the investment needed for the changes it recommends will cost around $65 billion a year, but says this amount is far outweighed by the costs of doing nothing. Moving to an economy where plastic is reused and recycled could bring $3.25 trillion in savings by 2040, according to the report, by avoiding the negative impacts of plastic, including those on climate, health, air and water.

Cutting plastics by 80% would save 0.5 billion tons of planet-warming carbon pollution a year, the report estimated. It could also create 700,000 new jobs, mostly in developing countries.

Even with all these shifts, however, the world will still have to manage around 100 million metric tons of plastic waste from short-lived products by 2040, according to the report. That's equivalent in weight to almost 5 million shipping containers - spread end to end, these could reach from New York City to Sydney, Australia and back again.

Tackling this will require stricter standards for non-recyclable waste and increasing the responsibility of manufacturers for the impacts of their plastic products, according to the report.

The report comes as countries prepare for a second round of negotiations in Paris later this month aimed at agreeing a world-first international plastics treaty, which would address the whole life of plastics from production to disposal. Whether the treaty will include curbs on plastic manufacturing remains a sticking point.

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The world can cut plastic pollution by 80% by 2040, the UN says. Here's how | CNN

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Countries could slash plastic pollution by 80% in less than two decades, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Programme. Plastic pollution is a scourge that affects every part of the world, from the Arctic, to the oceans and the air we breathe.

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URL:

https://youtu.be/UTpxX-f8jgg?si=j-EGh5aX19oyuQth

TITLE: Davao City Landfill until 2023?

AUTHOR: One News PH

DATE PUBLISHED: September 18, 2022

KEY INFORMATION:

The local government of Davao City is looking at expanding its garbage landfill, maximizing trash segregation, and encouraging junk shops to haul recyclable waste. As of 2022, Davao City's landfill is almost overflowing and faced critical capacity issues.

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URL: https://youtu.be/yySPUbGvuKI?si=_bYC1b8jLUEd8AQm

TITLE: Canadian garbage on its way from Philippines to Vancouver

AUTHOR: CBC News

DATE PUBLISHED: May 21, 2019

KEY INFORMATION:

Canada has reportedly sent household trash to Malaysia and the Philippines instead of recyclables. Former President Rodrigo Roa Duterte told the opposing country to return it immediately. With that, the garbage is being returned to Vancouver

This has sparked tension in the diplomatic relationship between the two countries.

Environmentalists have called this event a victory in the fight to keep industrialized companies from dumping trash in the developing world and manage solid waste properly. Furthermore, this has prompted the Canadian Government to stop exporting waste and recyclables to prevent legal fights .

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Canadian garbage on its way from Philippines to Vancouver

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URL:https://www.facebook.com/1610686665859669/posts/pfbid0qMU3XiqXxbSeXDVV9mcSm4ynathutmSiiLW8zrz8mopdjteh8CESY3TmRS6AUYQJl/?

TITLE: Bayanihan Para Sa Karagatan

AUTHOR: Raphael Antonio P. Mendoza

DATE PUBLISHED: September 14, 2018

KEY INFORMATION:

The year's winner of the International Coastal Cleanup Poster-making Contest, which was conducted by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources-XI with the subject "Bayanihan Para sa Karagatan," is National High School.  The value of coastal resources and the necessity of cooperation in preventing their devastation and contamination are portrayed in Menodza's artwork.  The "pawikan," an endangered sea animal that requires human conservation efforts, is also featured prominently in his artwork.

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8. Public Service message or Promotional Video

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8. Public Service message or Promotional Video

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URL: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=307919070585357

TITLE: DENR-12 Video Campaign on Solid Waste Management

AUTHOR: DENR Soccsksargen

DATE PUBLISHED: December 28, 2020

KEY INFORMATION:

DENR IEC video of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 featuring best practices of Kablon National High School of Tupi, South Cotabato and Organikian Urban Farm of Koronadal City.

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1.5K views · 65 reactions | DENR-12 Video Campaign on Solid Waste Management | WATCH: DENR IEC video campaign on R.A.9003 or The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 featuring best practices of Kablon National High School... | By DENR Soccsksargen | Facebook

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WATCH: DENR IEC video campaign on R.A.9003 or The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 featuring best practices of Kablon National High School...

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(Researched by Sylvia Lorena V. Carabuena)

URL: https://www.academia.edu/36988381/PLANET_OR_PLASTIC

TITLE: PLANET OR PLASTIC?

Author: National Geographic

Date Published: May 18, 2018

KEY INFORMATION:

National Geographic launched a new campaign 2018 to reduce waste from plastic products like single-use bags and straws, which includes a significant change: most National Geographic magazines will now be delivered in paper packaging instead of plastic. The magazine reports that 18 billion pounds of plastic waste end up in oceans yearly and that less than a fifth of plastic produced worldwide is recycled. In the 2018 magazine issue, on pages 51-57, National Geographic emphasized Pasig City in the Philippines as one of the significant riverbanks collectively disgorging thousands and millions of tons of plastic each year into the ocean.

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URL:

https://youtu.be/7U-7C2Nhfgs?si=K_PT2lW2jPTHr_AM

TITLE: Looking Into the Solid Waste Management of Purok Sto. Niño, Buhangin, Davao City –Environmental Vlog

AUTHOR: Nicole Andre Luczon

DATE PUBLISHED: December 21, 2020

KEY INFORMATION:

To raise awareness about the importance of proper waste management, recycling and composting such as inadequate waste segregation and improper disposal to improve waste collection systems.

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Looking Into the Solid Waste Management of Purok Sto. Niño, Buhangin, Davao City –Environmental Vlog

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URL: https://atenews.ph/new-carmen-or-bust-davao-citys-landfill-conundrum

TITLE: New Carmen or Bust: Davao City’s landfill conundrum

AUTHOR: Roelle Geobe Bernardo, Brian Garan (Infographic by Jay Nasser

DATE PUBLISHED: June 18, 2020

KEY INFORMATION:

The New Carmen landfill in Tugbok, Davao City, has reached its maximum capacity, with over 900,000 tons of garbage. This has caught the attention of environmentalists as it poses a severe health risk to the community. Children in Tugbok, some of whom have stopped attending school, have been highlighted as the most vulnerable to this problem, as they scavenge for money amidst the trash, facing dangers from sickness and accidents.

As a response, the Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) is considering a Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plant to manage waste and generate energy. This project may seem like an effective solution. However, the project faces opposition from environmental groups and will require substantial resources and implementation time. Environmentalists and experts emphasized that this solution for solid waste management and reduction would only cause more solid waste to be produced. Moreover, the act of burning plastics is similar to burning fossil fuels, which could cause air pollution

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Under the cerulean skies and bright, scorching sun, an empty can flipped in the air as frisky kids struck it with tatty slippers. Faces were smudged, clothes were stained, yet the people in the vicinity still wore priceless smiles. Along with the ambiance was the stinking odor of rotten trash that overwhelmed the place. Buzzing flies can be seen in every corner jumping from one heap of trash to another. Huge trucks that contained putrid garbage roared along the roads en route to a nearby dumpsite, but there was a grave problem looming. Davao City's landfill has already reached its limit; and drastic actions will soon be decided upon.

This is the situation of the people living in New Carmen, Tugbok, Davao City, where the city's sanitary landfill is located. Now in its ninth year, the New Carmen landfill has gained the attention of environmentalists for reaching its maximum capacity level and has caused alarm to health advocates for the multitude of risks that an unregulated dumpsite poses.
A worsening condition
According to Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) Officer-in-Charge, Engr. Fortune De Castro, the landfill is evidently overstaying its welcome in the community of New Carmen. While the maximum capacity level should supposedly be from 700,000 to 800,000 tons, the landfill has already accumulated 900,000 tons of garbage since 2016.

"This sanitary landfill is already full of rubbish or trash. Nasa full capacity na siya, kaya dapat by this time, nasa rehabilitation in closure na ang New Carmen kay mag 10 years naman siya," he said.

Due to the lack of space, Engr. De Castro emphasized that they opted to extend the landfill's operations to an adjacent portion of land which was not supposedly part of the landfill's contract. While the City Government is currently eyeing a land intended for another sanitary landfill, it has yet to purchase the plot as they are also considering the establishment of waste-to-energy facility in the city.

As of the present time, it claims that the extension is the only viable solution to pacify the worsening condition. Nonetheless, De Castro also acknowledges the risks it might bring if the problem will not be addressed as soon as possible.
Child scavengers of New Carmen
With the current condition of the New Carmen landfill, the children are in the greatest form of danger. Carmen Bangkal, the Purok Leader of New Carmen, shared that some of the dumpsite scavengers are children, a majority of which have already stopped schooling and preferred looking for money along the decaying garbage.

Given that the children are part of 4Ps families, Bangkal believes it is alarming to have them labouring at a young age. What is dangerous aside from their poverty and lack of proper education is the children at risk of dying, whether by sickness caused by the dumpsite or falling of New Carmen's cliff. The area has even been a site of grim, accidental deaths as a result of reckless driving.

"Bisag miyembro sa 4Ps, pasagdan man sa ginikanan nga mangahig. Mao nang among ginalataw karon kay bisa'g unsaon pag storya sa ginikanan, gahi rama'g ulo kay muingon ra man nga wala daw sila kabalo, mubangon ra daw kalit ang mga bata muadto sa landfill mamasura," expressed Bangkal.
A slew of alternatives
As a result of these stacking issues, CENRO is planning to implement a Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plant to convert Davao's trash to usable energy, similar to the ones run in Japan. Unfortunately, this would still take a long time to materialize given the large amount of resources needed to build this project. This plan, however, is being opposed by environmental groups like Ecoteneo.

"I believe that siting a new landfill and supporting materials recovery and recycling in the city must be given priority instead of pushing the WTE plan or incineration plans of Davao City. Burning our solid wastes is a band-aid solution that is host to many problems such as public health and air pollution," Carmela Santos, Director of Ecoteneo in Ateneo de Davao University (AdDU) stated.

On the other hand, CENRO is well aware of the threats of the project as De Castro details that environmental groups have not really understood the science behind all their criticisms. Despite the arguments raised by both sides, it is important to note that first-world countries have abandoned WTE due to its costliness, among other concerns with respect to the environment.

Furthermore, De Castro called for the residents of Davao City to be more disciplined in the segregation of their garbage properly since, in actuality, the only things that must be deposited in the landfill are residual trash - these are wastes that can be re-used and recycled through the use of energy. Unfortunately, both biodegradable and non-biodegradable trash are thrown in the landfill which is one of main reasons why it has reached its maximum capacity quickly.

"The city government is aware of the poor implementation of segregation and materials recovery at the household and barangay level. And even more pressing is the lack of MRFs or materials recovery facilities. Of the 182 barangays in Davao City, only a handful or less than 5 have functional MRFs," Santos stressed.

Amid these concerns, New Carmen residents like Wilfreda Banyados have mixed comments when it comes to the landfill. While she acknowledges that it may, to some extent, affect their health, she believes that it also enables them to generate income necessary for survival. As with most residents living in the vicinity of the landfill, Banyados earns a living through a small karenderia. To mitigate the health risks, her products are all wrapped with cellophane to prevent flies from coming in contact with her food.

"Okay ra man. Naanad ra man pud mi. Mas nakatabang pud ug nay basura kay dako-dako ang income kay daghan man tao so kusog ang halin sa paninda," she said.

Meanwhile, Ecoteneo is once again voicing out on the issue of New Carmen. For instance, the environmental organization is very much aware about the informal sector that is dependent on the landfill, especially those in the business of materials recovery. They believe that continuing on with WTE or incineration plan will only displace the marginalized people, just like Wilfreda, working under the blistering heat every day to earn an income for themselves and their families.

More than just a cause of environmental concern, New Carmen has also become a symbol of inaction and greed over the years. With every delay in the search for a new sanitary landfill, the more dangerous it becomes to the environment and the lives of the citizens in the area. Sacrificing one for the other may not be the best possible solution as there is so much at risk.

While the local government's idea to push through with WTE could be a possibility, but at the same time, a concerning alternative, forcing people to relocate and lose their jobs is just as fatal. Given these pressing concerns that encompass health, income-generation, and environmental degradation, the situation of New Carmen should not be taken by a government that so often benefits the mighty few.

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New Carmen or Bust: Davao City's landfill conundrum

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Under the cerulean skies and bright, scorching sun, an empty can flipped in the air as frisky kids struck it with tatty slippers. Faces were smudged,

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URL: https://www.davaocity.gov.ph/plans-and-programs/solid-waste-management/

Title: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

PLANS AND PROGRAMS

Author: CIO DAVAO

Date Published: January 8, 2019

Key information:

This website is a government website that is about SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS AND PROGRAMS in Davao City. In the website, you can see the actions that they took about solid waste management, like the acquisition of 2 sanitary landfill sites (South & North East), the Septage Management Program, and Bantay Dagat. Their action doesn’t end there; they also have some things like Greenhouse Inventory, Parks and Playground, Septage Management Program, Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Facility, and Environmental Engagements.

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URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316699912_Solid_Waste_Management_SWM_Strategies_in_Mindanao_University_of_Science_and_Technology_Philippines

TITLE: Solid Waste Management (SWM) Strategies in Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Philippines

AUTHOR: Brawner Brian Heyasa & Van Ryan Galarpe

DATE PUBLISHED: March 2018

KEY INFORMATION:

The Mindanao University of Science and Technology (MUST) in the Philippines is an academic institution actively implementing robust solid waste management (SWM) strategies to enhance environmental sustainability. The core of MUST's initiatives is grounded in a comprehensive assessment of their solid waste management strategies, primarily focusing on improving waste segregation, collection, and disposal methods.

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(Researched by Sylvia Lorena V. Carabuena)

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URL: https://youtu.be/6OUN1XA7pIc

TITLE: Plastic Smart Cities Video Series

AUTHOR: WWF - Philippines

DATE PUBLISHED: January 24, 2022

KEY INFORMATION

Plastic Smart Cities is a global movement that supports cities and coastal centers in taking bold actions to prevent plastic waste from leaking into our oceans, aiming to reduce liquid leakage by 30% by 2025 and 100% by 2030.

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Plastic Smart Cities Video Series: Davao City

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URL:

https://youtube.com/watch?v=WCmuocKi62g&si=ZtoMVogDo0EKpvFm.

TITLE: Ray Bargamento is Transforming Solid Waste Management in the Philippines

AUTHOR: Impact Playground

KEY INFORMATION:

Ray Bargamento is the Local chief executive in Mintal, Davao City; Bargamento's work in transforming solid waste management focuses on innovative approaches to reduce, recycle, and repurpose waste. He advocates for systems that turn waste into valuable resources by emphasizing the importance of circular economy principles. His strategies aim to enhance sustainability, reduce environmental impact, and create economic opportunities within communities.

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Impact Voices EP002: Ray Bargamento is Transforming Solid Waste Management in Philippines

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URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042419

TITLE: Optimal Process Network for Integrated Solid Waste Management in Davao City, Philippines

AUTHOR: Kristin Faye Olalo, Jun Nakatani, and Tsuyoshi Fujita

DATE PUBLISHED: February 20, 2022

KEY INFORMATION:

This study developed a linear programming (LP) model to optimize Davao City, Philippines's Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) system. Results show that enhancing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treatment options such as incineration, LFGRS, composting, and material recovery facilities (MRFs)—alongside effective source separation, will yield significant energy and environmental benefits over the current system.

Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation will depend on the balance between waste separation and incineration. If not separated, the incineration facility's capacity will be underutilized, causing more landfill waste and reduced landfill lifespan.

A revised separation strategy, particularly for plastic waste, is a possible solution to the MSWM system by maximizing recyclable plastic recovery and minimizing incineration.

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Optimal Process Network for Integrated Solid Waste Management in Davao City, Philippines

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Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems in developing countries adopt practices from developed countries to reduce their environmental burdens. However, several complex issues specific to developing countries hinder the full implementation of these practices. The future of MSWM in Davao City, Philippines, is envisaged as a notable example of the combination of new infrastructure and local MSWM practices. A linear programming model was developed, following material flow analysis and life cycle assessment, to design an optimal system for Davao City. The performance of the system was evaluated in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, energy and revenue generated, and the amount of landfill waste. The results show that the proposed system positively affects the environment compared to the current system, due to additional treatment options. However, the main allocation concern transitions from organic waste in the current system to plastic waste in future scenarios. Furthermore, the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and the extension of landfill life will be heavily influenced by trade-offs between sorting operations and the management of incinerated wastes with high calorific values. Therefore, plastic-waste-specific treatment options will be critical for future MSWM systems. The results herein underscore the need for sustainable MSWM in the study area, considering the region-specific conditions.