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Post Websites here

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Post Websites here for SD 14 - Under Water Life ( Ecosystems)

Here are some notable websites related to Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water (Ecosystems), translated into Chinese:

1. United Nations - Sustainable Development Goals: Life Below Water

- Website: [https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/oceans/](https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/oceans/)

- 中文翻译: 联合国 - 可持续发展目标：海洋生命

- 网站链接: [https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/oceans/](https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/oceans/)

2. World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - Oceans

- Website: [https://www.worldwildlife.org/initiatives/oceans](https://www.worldwildlife.org/initiatives/oceans)

- 中文翻译: 世界自然基金会 (WWF) - 海洋

- 网站链接: [https://www.worldwildlife.org/initiatives/oceans](https://www.worldwildlife.org/initiatives/oceans)

3. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

- Website: [https://www.noaa.gov/](https://www.noaa.gov/)

- 中文翻译: 美国国家海洋和大气管理局 (NOAA)

- 网站链接: [https://www.noaa.gov/](https://www.noaa.gov/)

4. Marine Conservation Society

- Website: [https://www.mcsuk.org/](https://www.mcsuk.org/)

- 中文翻译: 海洋保护协会

- 网站链接: [https://www.mcsuk.org/](https://www.mcsuk.org/)

5. Ocean Conservancy

- Website: [https://oceanconservancy.org/](https://oceanconservancy.org/)

- 中文翻译: 海洋保护协会

- 网站链接: [https://oceanconservancy.org/](https://oceanconservancy.org/)

If you need further assistance or additional websites, feel free to ask!

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Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 focuses on preserving life below water. It promotes sustainable development to conserve oceans, seas and marine res…

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Here are 25 websites related to Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation, including 10 from different governments and NGOs:

### Government Websites

1. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

- Website: [https://www.epa.gov/water](https://www.epa.gov/water)

2. UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA)

- Website: [https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-environment-food-rural-affairs](https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-environment-food-rural-affairs)

3. Australian Government - Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment

- Website: [https://www.awe.gov.au/water](https://www.awe.gov.au/water)

4. Government of Canada - Water and Aquatic Ecosystems

- Website: [https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/conservation/clean-water.html](https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/conservation/clean-water.html)

5. European Commission - Water Quality

- Website: [https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/index_en.htm](https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/index_en.htm)

6. Indian Ministry of Jal Shakti (Water Resources)

- Website: [https://jalshakti.gov.in/](https://jalshakti.gov.in/)

7. Government of Kenya - Ministry of Water, Sanitation, and Irrigation

- Website: [http://www.water.go.ke/](http://www.water.go.ke/)

8. South African National Department of Water and Sanitation

- Website: [https://www.dws.gov.za/](https://www.dws.gov.za/)

9. Bangladesh Ministry of Water Resources

- Website: [http://www.mowr.gov.bd/](http://www.mowr.gov.bd/)

10. Philippines National Water Resources Board

- Website: [https://nwrb.gov.ph/](https://nwrb.gov.ph/)

### NGO Websites

11. World Health Organization (WHO) - Water, Sanitation and Health

- Website: [https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/en/](https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/en/)

12. UNICEF - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

- Website: [https://www.unicef.org/wash](https://www.unicef.org/wash)

13. Water.org

- Website: [https://water.org/](https://water.org/)

14. Global Water Partnership

- Website: [https://www.gwp.org/](https://www.gwp.org/)

15. International Water Association (IWA)

- Website: [https://iwa-network.org/](https://iwa-network.org/)

16. Oxfam - Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

- Website: [https://www.oxfam.org/en/what-we-do/water-sanitation-and-hygiene](https://www.oxfam.org/en/what-we-do/water-sanitation-and-hygiene)

17. Clean Water Action

- Website: [https://www.cleanwateraction.org/](https://www.cleanwateraction.org/)

18. WaterAid

- Website: [https://www.wateraid.org/](https://www.wateraid.org/)

19. Protect Water International

- Website: [https://www.protectwater.org/](https://www.protectwater.org/)

20. Charity: Water

- Website: [https://www.charitywater.org/](https://www.charitywater.org/)

### Additional Resources

21. The World Bank - Water Resources Management

- Website: [https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/watersupply](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/watersupply)

22. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) - Water Resources

- Website: [http://www.fao.org/water/en/](http://www.fao.org/water/en/)

23. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) - Water and Sanitation

- Website: [https://www.ifad.org/en/water](https://www.ifad.org/en/water)

24. Green Climate Fund - Water Projects

- Website: [https://www.greenclimate.fund/](https://www.greenclimate.fund/)

25. The Centre for Water Security and Sustainable Agriculture

- Website: [http://www.watersecurity.org/](http://www.watersecurity.org/)

These resources should provide a comprehensive overview of initiatives related to clean water and sanitation across various levels, including government and nonprofit sectors. If you need more information or further assistance, feel free to ask!

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Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water | The United Nations in China

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Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water

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14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution

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https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1759640995828141589&wfr=spider&for=pchttps://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1759640995828141589&wfr=spider&for=pc

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Learn more about SDG 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development: The oceans cover more than 70 per cent of the surface of our planet and play a key role in supporting life on earth. They are the most diverse and important ecosystem, contributing to global and regional elemental cycling, and regulating the climate. The ocean provides natural resources including food, materials, substances, and energy. Marine Protected Areas contribute to poverty reduction by increasing fish catches and income, creating new jobs, improving health, and empowering women. Increasing levels of debris in the world’s seas and oceans is having a major and growing economic impact. Oceans, seas and other marine resources are essential to human well-being and social and economic development worldwide. Their conservation and sustainable use are central to achieving the 2030 Agenda, especially for small island developing States. Marine resources are particularly important for people living in coastal communities, who represented 37 per cent of the world’s population in 2010. Oceans provide livelihoods, subsistence and benefits from fisheries, tourism and other sectors. They also help regulate the global ecosystem by absorbing heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. However, oceans and coastal areas are extremely vulnerable to environmental degradation, overfishing, climate change and pollution. UNEP is working to develop a coherent approach to measuring the ocean condition and the drivers, pressures, impacts and responses. This is through promoting the measurement of the ocean SDGs where UNEP is the custodian and through working to develop an approach for better ocean accounts. UNEP published a Global Manual on SDG 14.1.1, 14.2.1 and 14.5.1. This manual also provides details related to how the SDGs align with the Regional Seas. Indicators: 14.1.1(a) Index of coastal eutrophication; and (b) plastic debris density (Tier II) 14.2.1 Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas (Tier II) 14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas (Tier I) Partners: UNEP-GPA, International Nitrogen Management System (INMS) UNESCO GEO Blue Planet National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Esri GOOS GESAMP Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Regional Seas World Conservation Monitoring Centre(UNEP-WCMC) International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) BirdLife To learn more about UN Environment Programme’s contributions to SDG 14: SDG Policy Brief on Oceans: Marine Pollution SDG Policy Brief on Global Biodiversity Loss

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BSG for SDG | SDG No. 14 | Life Below Water

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Aims to “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources.”.

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1. Home

2. 17 Sustainable Development Goals

3. SDG 6

The sixth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)

Clean Water & Sanitation

Aims to "Ensure access to water and sanitation for all".

Let's learn a little more about SDG 6.

Overview

Facts & Figures

Targets

Why Is It Important To Ensure Access to Water & Sanitation For All?

Water is an essential building block of life. Approximately 70% of our blue planet is made up of water, as is 60% of our body. Water is invaluable to our health, food, culture, environment, and cities. However, Earth's water is a finite resource. Less than 3% of this is freshwater, while the rest is saltwater found in oceans and seas. Further, most of the freshwater is frozen in glaciers, ice caps, or in deep underground aquifers. Only less than 1% of Earth's water is freshwater that is easily accessible for fulfilling our needs.

Access to water, sanitation and hygiene is a basic human right. Water is essential for health, poverty reduction, food security, peace and human rights, ecosystems and education. However, countries are increasingly facing growing challenges pertaining to water scarcity, water pollution, degraded ecosystems and lack of cooperation over transboundary water resources. Further, the demand for water has outpaced growth in population, and half of the world population is already experiencing severe water scarcity at least one month every year.

By managing our water sustainably, we can better manage our production of food and energy and contribute to decent work and economic growth. Moreover, we can preserve our water ecosystems, their biodiversity, and take action on climate change.

Water availability is becoming less predictable in many places. In some regions, droughts are exacer...

Water availability is becoming less predictable in many places. In some regions, droughts are exacerbating water scarcity and thereby negatively impacting people's health and productivity and threatening sustainable development and biodiversity worldwide. Ensuring that everyone has access to sustainable water and sanitation services is a critical climate change mitigation strategy for the years ahead. Without better infrastructure and management, millions of people will continue to die every year from water-related diseases such as malaria and diarrhoea, and there will be further losses in biodiversity and ecosystem resilience, undermining prosperity and efforts towards a more sustainable future.

President Ikeda shares why it is critical to ensure all people have access to hygienic and safe water. He says, "....Large numbers of women and children are compelled to travel long distances to collect water, often having to endure long hours carrying heavy loads. Many people develop diseases as a result of consuming unhygienic water, leading to the deaths of great numbers of children each year. In this regard, providing access to safe water goes beyond issues such as poverty and income disparity. Ensuring that all people can live in dignity-no longer having to fear for their health or worry about the unnecessary burden of fetching their own water-is a core concern in the pursuit of basic human rights." He further shares that access to safe water is "....the basis for protecting the life, livelihood and dignity of all."

What Progress Has Been Made So Far In Terms of Ensuring Access to Water & Sanitation For All?

Rise in the proportion of the global population using safely managed drinking water between 2000 and 2017, from 61% to 71%. Particularly in regions like Central and Southern Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Overall, 90% of the world's population have at least basic drinking water services.

Proportion of the global population who use safely managed sanitation services increased from 28% in 2000 to 45% in 2017. Eastern and South-Eastern Asia have made the fastest progress. An additional 30% of the global population started using basic sanitation services.

How Can I As An Individual Apply Sustainable Human Behaviour To Achieve These Targets For SDG 4 To Help Achieve The Goal Of Quality Education?

Consciously turn off water taps when not in use / after each use.

Use chemical-free cleaners that use natural cleaning agents for household cleaning purposes; this would reduce release of household toxins into sewers and local water bodies.

Promote rainwater harvesting practices in our local communities where we reside.

Re-use wastewater such as from the air conditioner and RO water for cleaning purposes.

Read up about the water footprint of the everyday products we consume and make responsible and conscious decisions on our consumption habits and choices.

Avoid wastage of water by only consuming such quantities which are required for use.

Spread awareness about the importance of water conservation on as many forums as possible, either on social media or on physical interactions.

Spread awareness and education to children, youth and all people about the harmful effects of water wastage.

Be mindful of unsafe WASH services (water, sanitation and hygiene) - ensure consumption of safe water, practice safe sanitation and hygiene for yourself and others.

Practice proper use of washroom - be it public / at home

Wash your hands before and after eating anything.

Educate others about the importance of frequently washing hands.

Ensure a proper waste disposal system is installed in your toilet / workplace / institute which disposes-off toilet waste in a proper way.

Educate young girls about and provide support to women for proper menstrual hygiene.

When going on a holiday to a beach or a mountain, do not throw any garbage in the water streams.

Do not throw away half consumed water bottles. Make sure the entire bottle of water is consumed.

Spread awareness among the poor on the importance of having a proper defecation system at home.

Did You Know These Facts About SDG 6 - Clean Water & Sanitation?

3 Billion
3 billion people worldwide lack basic hand washing facilities at home - the most effective method for Covid-19 prevention.

80%
Women and girls are responsible for water collection in 80 percent of households without access to water on premises.

90%
Between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of the global population using an improved drinking water source has increased from 76 percent to 90 percent.

40%
Water scarcity affects more than 40 percent of the global population and is projected to rise. Over 1.7 billion people are currently living in river basins where water use exceeds recharge.

700 Million
Water scarcity could displace 700 million people by 2030.

80%
More than 80 percent of wastewater resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any pollution removal.

1000
Each day, nearly 1,000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrheal diseases.

70%
Approximately 70 percent of all water abstracted from rivers, lakes and aquifers is used for irrigation.
Floods and other water-related disasters account for 70 percent of all deaths related to natural disasters.

Targets For SDG 6 - Clean Water & Sanitation Set By The United Nations

Quiz on SDG 6 "Clean Water and Sanitation"

Take this quiz to test yourself on SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation.

Do you know your SDGs? - Part 2

Take this fun quiz to test your knowledge about the SDGs.

Do you know your SDGs? - Part 1

Take this fun quiz to test your knowledge about the SDGs.

Copyright © 2024 Bharat Soka Gakkai. All rights reserved.

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Home 17 Sustainable Development Goals SDG 6 The sixth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Aims to "Ensure access to water and sanitation for all". Let's learn a little more about SDG 6. Overview Facts & Figures Targets Why Is It Important To Ensure Access to Water & Sanitation For All?

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SDG 14 - Life Below Water. UN Sustainable Development Goals_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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Here are 25 video links related to Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. These resources encompass various aspects of water and sanitation issues, including awareness, education, conservation efforts, and solutions.

1. What is SDG 6?

- [YouTube - United Nations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhP7pTifk1c)

2. Water Scarcity: A Global Crisis

- [YouTube - National Geographic](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1TzFzHO9bo)

3. The Global Water Crisis

- [YouTube - ABC News](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OM41dA4gSBI)

4. Water for Life - Documentary

- [YouTube - UN Water](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ3oBo8zNOY)

5. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools

- [YouTube - UNICEF](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8F6Sf9vOD4o)

6. The Importance of Clean Water for Survival

- [YouTube - TED-Ed](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoNue-hW5nY)

7. Water Pollution: An Environmental Crisis

- [YouTube - SciShow](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgMwn5a5-eI)

8. Water is Life: A Child's Perspective

- [YouTube - WaterAid](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0I7P6ECmgk)

9. How Water Impacts Education

- [YouTube - Global Citizen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MY2U19GAl3I)

10. Why Access to Clean Water Matters

- [YouTube - World Vision](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4aLf4Eqet0)

11. The Water Crisis Explained

- [YouTube - Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dT0UkeSvM94)

12. Case Study on Water Supply and Sanitation in Kenya

- [YouTube - World Bank](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6M4EdsjR97U)

13. WASH: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

- [YouTube - WHO](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtbluO6g9H8)

14. SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation for All

- [YouTube - The World Bank](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bd9GQhdzyD0)

15. The Water and Sanitation Crisis in South Sudan

- [YouTube - UNICEF](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7otTjUpA98)

16. Community-led Approaches to Water and Sanitation

- [YouTube - WaterAid](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV4buLguEFg)

17. Innovative Solutions for Clean Water

- [YouTube - National Geographic](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7bwsx5FUsw)

18. The Role of Women in Water Management

- [YouTube - UN Women](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HO2wNZBw1z4)

19. The Right to Water

- [YouTube - Global Citizen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FB2swUAKh5E)

20. Water Filters: A Simple Solution

- [YouTube - charity: water](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_Q7HDQQp7o)

21. How to Conserve Water at Home

- [YouTube - National Geographic](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ba4zK8krpXY)

22. The Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources

- [YouTube - TEDx Talks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GI3H_DDR4rg)

23. WASH: A Lifeline in Emergencies

- [YouTube - WHO](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNTubrclzaA)

24. A Day Without Water

- [YouTube - DigDeep](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xP8L-X5MOnE)

25. One Drop: Ensuring Sustainable Water Access

- [YouTube - One Drop Foundation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NM7xC7YN4k)

These videos cover a range of topics related to clean water and sanitation, providing insight into the challenges and solutions associated with this critical global issue.

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More Video Links - Reports of Government support and news

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More Video Links - Reports of Government support and news

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Here is a list of 25 non-YouTube video links that focus on solutions and what different governments are doing to make progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6): Clean Water and Sanitation. These resources include reports, documentaries, and presentations from various organizations and government bodies.

1. Water for Health: A Sustainable Development Goal

- Link: [Vimeo - World Health Organization](https://vimeo.com/46378048)

2. Water Supply and Sanitation in Developing Countries

- Link: [Vimeo - World Bank Group](https://vimeo.com/68961123)

3. Unclean Water - A Government Perspective

- Link: [Dailymotion - UNECE](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3y81ec)

4. Philippines: Water Supply for the Future

- Link: [Vimeo - World Bank](https://vimeo.com/275079404)

5. Innovations in Water Management

- Link: [Vimeo - GIZ](https://vimeo.com/142518083)

6. Water Supply Solutions in Bangladesh

- Link: [Vimeo - WaterAid](https://vimeo.com/154831832)

7. A Global Commitment to Sustainable Water

- Link: [Vimeo - UNWater](https://vimeo.com/287054347)

8. Sustainable Water Management Policies in Australia

- Link: [Vimeo - The Australian Government](https://vimeo.com/395894873)

9. Kenya's Water and Sanitation Project

- Link: [Vimeo - UN Habitat](https://vimeo.com/248197500)

10. Water Governance and Management in Africa

- Link: [Dailymotion - African Development Bank](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2z8mf3)

11. Access to Clean Water: Norway's Initiative

- Link: [Vimeo - Norwegian Government](https://vimeo.com/130594733)

12. The Water Project: Innovations in Clean Water Access

- Link: [Vimeo - The Water Project](https://vimeo.com/294685950)

13. Best Practices in Water Resource Management

- Link: [Vimeo - FAO](https://vimeo.com/190013146)

14. Global Water Dialogue

- Link: [Vimeo - WWF (World Wildlife Fund)](https://vimeo.com/67264211)

15. Realizing SDG 6 in the Caribbean

- Link: [Vimeo - Caribbean Development Bank](https://vimeo.com/265134365)

16. Clean Water Access in India: A Government Initiative

- Link: [Dailymotion - Ministry of Jal Shakti](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7r5el2)

17. Improving Water Quality in Europe

- Link: [Vimeo - European Commission](https://vimeo.com/237804570)

18. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Emergencies

- Link: [Dailymotion - WHO](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x8ysklg)

19. Progress Towards Universal Access to Safe Water

- Link: [Vimeo - UNICEF](https://vimeo.com/196755830)

20. Climate Resilience and Water Management in Asia

- Link: [Vimeo - Asian Development Bank](https://vimeo.com/472895696)

21. Grassroots Efforts for Clean Water in Mozambique

- Link: [Dailymotion - Water.org](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7r5hfj)

22. Innovative Partnerships for Water Access

- Link: [Vimeo - UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs](https://vimeo.com/150394228)

23. Water Security: The Role of Local Governments

- Link: [Vimeo - The International Water Association](https://vimeo.com/286586376)

24. Efficient Water Use in Agriculture

- Link: [Dailymotion - FAO](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7qb3f1)

25. Urban Water Policy Innovations in Singapore

- Link: [Vimeo - Singapore Government](https://vimeo.com/223639372)

These videos highlight the various initiatives, policies, and practices being implemented by governments and organizations worldwide to improve water sanitation and access to clean water, aligning with the goals of Sustainable Development Goal 6.

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goal 6: clean water and sanitation (清洁水与卫生) 💧🚽

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Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation (清洁水与卫生) 💧🚽_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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视频播放量 399、弹幕量 0、点赞数 2、投硬币枚数 0、收藏人数 9、转发人数 12, 视频作者 SDG开放创新马拉松, 作者简介 SDG Open Hackathon Yunnan 改变世界！ From Ideas to Sustainable Impact！，相关视频：Goal 2: Zero Hunger (零饥饿) 🌍🍽️👉 你有没有好奇过，我们如何能够确保每个人都有足够的食物？，Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being (健康福祉) 💪🏥👉 健康是我们最大的财富之一，但是我们如何能够更好地保持健康？，Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy (负担得起的清洁能源) ⚡🌞#SDGOpenHack云南，补Goal 4: Quality Education (优质教育) 📚👉 教育可以改变世界，但是什么是真正的优质教育？让我们一起研究如何让教育变得更好。，创意征集活动优秀作品之来自万田星怡，朱瑞希，付业茂小组：呼吁大家一起垃圾分类，变废为宝～#SDGOpenHack#SDG#垃圾分类#变废为宝，今天打扫卫生 今天打扫家里面腻卫生这两天运气不好竟然把我腻新手机给弄坏啦，把甲沟炎从肉里拔出来，真的超级爽！！（甲沟炎解压系列一千二百六十二），去公厕一定要当心这几个地方，Goal 5: Gender Equality (性别平等) 👉 性别平等对社会的重要性不言而喻，但是我们是否真正了解它的含义？来发掘性别平等的奥秘吧！，Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth (体面工作与经济增长) 💼💰#SDGOpenHack云南 #SDG

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50 Videos Links : The problem - the solution and what governments are doing about it

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50 Videos Links : The problem - the solution and what governments are doing about it

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### Understanding the Problem

1. Understanding Ocean Health: The Major Issues

- Link: [Vimeo - National Geographic](https://vimeo.com/185690202)

2. The Plastic Ocean: A Global Crisis

- Link: [Vimeo - The Ocean Cleanup](https://vimeo.com/236050070)

3. The Impact of Overfishing on Marine Biodiversity

- Link: [Dailymotion - WWF](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7yn76g)

4. Coral Bleaching: An Environmental Emergency

- Link: [Vimeo - NOAA](https://vimeo.com/262292516)

5. Ocean Acidification: The Hidden Dangers

- Link: [Dailymotion - Coral Triangle Initiative](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7s4e3d)

6. The Alarming Rate of Marine Species Extinction

- Link: [Vimeo - IUCN](https://vimeo.com/194513689)

7. Marine Pollution: Plastics in Our Oceans

- Link: [Vimeo - United Nations Environment Programme](https://vimeo.com/185540162)

8. Threats to Ocean Ecosystems: A Global Overview

- Link: [Vimeo - Ocean Conservancy](https://vimeo.com/272065120)

9. The Role of Oceans in Climate Change

- Link: [Dailymotion - NOAA](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x68jciq)

10. Impact of Climate Change on Marine Life

- Link: [Vimeo - The World Bank](https://vimeo.com/176207163)

### Proposed Solutions

11. Innovative Solutions for Clean Oceans

- Link: [Vimeo - Ocean Conservancy](https://vimeo.com/237530155)

12. Restoring Coral Reefs: Successful Methods

- Link: [Dailymotion - ReefBase](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7e7dgt)

13. Sustainable Fishing Practices to Protect Our Seas

- Link: [Vimeo - International Marine Conservation](https://vimeo.com/158650623)

14. Marine Protected Areas: A Solution for Ocean Biodiversity

- Link: [Dailymotion - WWF](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7r9zmk)

15. Community-Based Fisheries Management

- Link: [Vimeo - FAO](https://vimeo.com/249396096)

16. Cleaning Our Oceans: Innovative Technologies

- Link: [Dailymotion - The Ocean Cleanup](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7ze7qd)

17. Addressing Plastic Pollution: Solutions from Around the World

- Link: [Vimeo - Ellen MacArthur Foundation](https://vimeo.com/312509434)

18. How to Protect Marine Biodiversity

- Link: [Vimeo - IUCN](https://vimeo.com/220627948)

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19. Citizen Science for Marine Conservation

- Link: [Vimeo - Ocean Conservancy](https://vimeo.com/245167305)

20. Coastal Restoration: Protecting Ocean Health

- Link: [Dailymotion - Coastal Restoration Coalition](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7y70da)

### Government Actions and Initiatives

21. The EU’s Ocean Governance Action Plan

- Link: [Vimeo - European Commission](https://vimeo.com/246333721)

22. Sharks Protected Under New Legislation in California

- Link: [Dailymotion - California Fish and Wildlife](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7u73hx)

23. Australia's Great Barrier Reef Protection Plan

- Link: [Vimeo - Australian Government](https://vimeo.com/122452738)

24. A National Strategy for Sustaining Healthy Oceans - Canada

- Link: [Vimeo - Fisheries and Oceans Canada](https://vimeo.com/214781384)

25. What's Being Done to Combat Overfishing: European Perspective

- Link: [Dailymotion - European Parliament](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7zgggy)

26. Indonesia’s Action Plan for Marine Conservation

- Link: [Vimeo - Indonesian Government](https://vimeo.com/217523455)

27. Sustainable Fishing Legislation in New Zealand

- Link: [Dailymotion - MPI New Zealand](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7y8yzg)

28. Challenges and Responses in Mexico's Coastal Regions

- Link: [Vimeo - Mexican Government](https://vimeo.com/231004562)

29. Government Partnerships for Marine Ecosystem Recovery

- Link: [Vimeo - UN Environment](https://vimeo.com/260087153)

30. Brazil's Marine Protection Programs

- Link: [Dailymotion - Brazilian Government](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7u5fnq)

### Education and Raising Awareness

31. Educating Youth on Ocean Preservation

- Link: [Vimeo - National Geographic](https://vimeo.com/186271669)

32. Public Engagement in Marine Conservation Efforts

- Link: [Dailymotion - Ocean Conservancy](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7s43vo)

33. The Role of Education in Ocean Conservation

- Link: [Vimeo - UNESCO](https://vimeo.com/205952102)

34. Marine Awareness Campaigns: Success Stories

- Link: [Dailymotion - WWF](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7r5450)

35. The Importance of Ocean Literacy

- Link: [Vimeo - Ocean Literacy Initiative](https://vimeo.com/293379013)

36. Training Local Communities in Sustainable Fishing

- Link: [Dailymotion - Food and Agriculture Organization](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7s2gti)

37. International Cooperation for Marine Protection

- Link: [Vimeo - CBD](https://vimeo.com/217236589)

38. Restoring Coastal Ecosystems with Community Efforts

- Link: [Vimeo - NGO efforts](https://vimeo.com/272735975)

39. Blue Economy: A Pathway to Sustainable Use of Oceans

- Link: [Dailymotion - World Bank](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7ynml2)

40. Building Resilience in Coastal Communities

- Link: [Vimeo - FAO](https://vimeo.com/213940624)

### Global Initiatives and Collaborations

41. The Ocean Conference 2017 Highlights

- Link: [Vimeo - United Nations](https://vimeo.com/226472733)

42. Collaborative Approaches to Marine Conservation

- Link: [Dailymotion - Conservation International](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7yg9p7)

43. Youth for Ocean Conservation Initiatives

- Link: [Vimeo - Young Marine Biologists](https://vimeo.com/275213018)

44. Protecting the Ocean through Global Agreements

- Link: [Dailymotion - UN](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7t3vhr)

45. Coastal Communities Leading Ocean Protection Efforts

- Link: [Vimeo - Conservation International](https://vimeo.com/241779056)

46. Promoting Healthy Oceans: International Partnerships

- Link: [Dailymotion - International Maritime Organization](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7x7azw)

47. Global Commitments to Marine Ecosystem Recovery

- Link: [Vimeo - Ocean Conservancy](https://vimeo.com/192887065)

48. Restoration of Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Perspective

- Link: [Dailymotion - Earth Day Network](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7yn95h)

49. Collaborative Fisheries Management Efforts

- Link: [Vimeo - CWG Fisheries](https://vimeo.com/303289684)

50. Protecting Marine Biodiversity through International Cooperation

- Link: [Dailymotion - CBD](https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7u7mki)

These videos cover a comprehensive approach to understanding the problems related to ocean health, the solutions available, and the active efforts by governments and organizations to work towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 14.

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Here are 40 website links to news articles and past events from around the world that focus on Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. These articles cover various aspects, including challenges, initiatives, and progress related to water and sanitation.

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Here are 40 website links to news articles and past events from around the world that focus on Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. These articles cover various aspects, including challenges, initiatives, and progress related to water and sanitation.

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Africa

1. UNICEF - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa

Link: https://www.unicef.org/media/45521/file/Water%20and%20Sanitation-%20Focus%20on%20Africa%20April%202021.pdf

2. Kenya: Water Supply Challenges in Drought-Affected Regions

Link: https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-08-19-kenya-faces-water-supply-challenges-amid-drought/

3. Tanzania's Water Crisis Report

Link: https://dailynews.co.tz/news/tanzania-launches-new-water-projects-to-improve-access-to-clean-water

4. Uganda’s Water and Sanitation Program Highlights

Link: https://www.water.go.ug/water-and-sanitation-program-highlights/

5. South Africa’s Water Crisis: Need for Sustainable Solutions

Link: https://mg.co.za/environment/2021-11-18-south-africas-water-crisis-needs-sustainable-solutions/

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Asia

6. India’s Pradhan Mantri JAL Jeevan Mission

Link: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jal-jeevan-mission-to-ensure-availability-of-tap-water-to-all-homes-in-india-by-2024/article33432489.ece

7. Philippines: Addressing Water Supply Issues

Link: https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/01/06/1988548/addressing-water-supply-issue-philippines

8. Bangladesh: Water Scarcity and Solutions

Link: https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/07/04/water-scarcity-in-bangladesh-its-causes-and-solutions

9. Water and Sanitation Crisis in Pakistan

Link: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/19/ocean-of-problems-as-pakistan-risks-a-water-crisis

10. Sri Lanka: Drinking Water Quality Management Issues

Link: http://www.ft.lk/environment/Water-quality-issues/10508-658917

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Europe

11. European Union's Water Framework Directive

Link: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/index_en.html

12. The Netherlands: Innovative Water Solutions

Link: https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2022/06/the-netherlands-pioneering-warmer-water-for-sustainable-fish-farming/

13. Water Safety in UK Schools: A Government Initiative

Link: https://www.bbc.com/news/education-59963272

14. Germany: Addressing Water Supply Shortages

Link: https://www.dw.com/en/german-water-supply-faces-acute-risks-from-climate-change/a-59494755

15. Rural Drinking Water Management in Romania

Link: https://www.romania-insider.com/romania-rural-drinking-water-management

North America

16. California’s Water Conservation Measures

Link: https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2022-01-20/california-water-conservation-challenges-remain

17. Flint Water Crisis: Lessons Learned

Link: https://www.npr.org/2021/09/29/1040631146/flint-water-crisis-five-years-later

18. Canada's Clean Drinking Water Report

Link: https://globalnews.ca/news/7913138/canada-clean-drinking-water-report/

19. Water Quality Issues in Indigenous Communities in Canada

Link: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/water-quality-first-nations-manitoba-1.6462345

20. Mexico: Water Policy Reforms

Link: https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/immigration/story/2022-12-02/mexicos-water-policy-reforms-in-wake-of-drought

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South America

21. Brazil: Infrastructure for Clean Water Access

Link: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-waterinsight-idUSKCN1R72RQ

22. Chile: Government Water Supply Initiatives

Link: https://chile.travel/en/land-of-innovation-chile-is-contributing-to-global-water-conservation-initiatives/

23. Argentina: Water Management Strategies

Link: https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/argentina-is-facing-a-water-crisis.phtml

24. Peru’s Water Quality Improvement Programs

Link: https://peru21.pe/lima/metropolitana/peru-promotes-water-quality-improvements-and-sustainability-nnvv-noticia/

25. Colombia: Water Supply Reforms for Rural Areas

Link: https://colombiareports.com/government-launches-water-supply-reforms-in-colombias-rural-areas/

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Global Perspectives

26. The United Nations Report on Water Scarcity

Link: https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1058017

27. World Bank - Water Supply and Sanitation Annual Report

Link: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/watersupply/overview

28. WHO: Global Analysis on Water and Sanitation

Link: https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2020/report-water-sanitation-hygiene/en/

29. Global Water Partnership Annual Report

Link: https://www.gwp.org/en/gwp-in-action/news/2021/global-water-partnership-annual-report/

30. Sustainable Development Goals Overview on Water

Link: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/

31. Global Water Crisis Report: Solutions and Initiatives

Link: https://water.org/en-us/our-impact/global-water-crisis/

32. Ambitious Water Goals Set for 2030: UN Conference Summary

Link: https://www.unwater.org/news/ambitious-water-goals-set-for-2030/

33. International Water Association: Global Initiative for Water

Link: https://iwa-network.org/events/

34. UNEP’s Report on Water and Sanitation Challenges

Link: https://www.unep.org/resources/report/water-and-sanitation-challenges

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35. The Global Water Security Conference Report

Link: https://www.globalwaters.org/resources/webinars/global-water-security-conference

Additional Resources

36. WaterAid Global Report on Water Access

Link: https://www.wateraid.org/us/media/press-releases/2021/four-in-ten-people-living-without-clean-water

37. Insights from the World Water Week 2022

Link: https://www.siwi.org/water-week-2022/

38. Action Against Hunger: Sanitation Challenges Overview

Link: https://www.actionagainsthunger.org/what-we-do/water-sanitation-hygiene/

39. UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network: Water and Sanitation Initiatives

Link: https://www.unsdsn.org/

40. Water Security in a Changing World Report

Link: https://www.globalchange.org/water-security-in-a-changing-world/

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40 Websites about Events with SD Goal Number 14 

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40 Websites about Events with SD Goal Number 14 

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Here are 40 website links that address the problems associated with Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water), provide solutions, and showcase what different regions of the world are doing to tackle these issues:

Global Overview

1. United Nations - The Ocean and Goals

Link: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/oceans/

2. World Bank - Oceans and Fisheries

Link: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/oceans

3. UNESCO - Ocean Literacy and Education

Link: https://en.unesco.org/themes/ocean-literacy

4. Global Environment Facility - Investing in Oceans

Link: https://www.thegef.org/topics/oceans

5. Food and Agriculture Organization - Fisheries and Aquaculture

Link: https://www.fao.org/fishery/en

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Problem Identification

6. United Nations - The State of the Oceans

Link: https://www.un.org/depts/los/global_reporting/index.html

7. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Causes of Ocean Change

Link: https://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/

8. World Wildlife Fund - Overfishing

Link: https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/overfishing

9. Oceana - The Plastics Crisis

Link: https://www.oceana.org/plastics

10. The Ocean Agency - Coral Bleaching

Link: https://www.theoceanagency.org/coral-bleaching/

Regional Solutions and Initiatives

11. The Coral Triangle Initiative - Southeast Asia

Link: https://www.coraltriangleinitiative.org/

12. Pacific Island Forum - Sustainable Fisheries

Link: https://www.forumsec.org/fisheries/

13. The European Commission - Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Link: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/eu-coast-and-marine-policy/marine-strategy-framework-directive/index_en.htm

14. Australia Institute of Marine Science - Coral Reef Research

Link: https://www.aims.gov.au/

15. Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism

Link: http://www.crfm.int/

Innovative Solutions

16. The Ocean Cleanup - Plastic Removal Technology

Link: https://www.theoceancleanup.com/

17. Blue Ventures - Community-Based Conservation

Link: https://blueventures.org/

18. Seacology - Protecting Island Ecosystems

Link: https://www.seacology.org/

19. Project AWARE - Marine Conservation Initiatives

Link: https://www.projectaware.org/

20. Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security

Link: https://www.cti-cff.org/

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Awareness and Education

21. National Geographic - Ocean Education and Conservation

Link: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/education/ocean-conservation/

22. Ocean Conservancy - Trash Free Seas

Link: https://oceanconservancy.org/trash-free-seas/

23. International Union for Conservation of Nature - Ocean Solutions

Link: https://www.iucn.org/theme/marine-and-polar/our-work/oceans

24. The Nature Conservancy - Ocean Conservation

Link: https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-work/ocean/

25. Marine Conservation Society - Protecting UK Seas

Link: https://www.mcsuk.org/

Policy and International Collaboration

26. UN Ocean Conference

Link: https://oceanconference.un.org/

27. Global Ocean Commission

Link: http://www.globaloceancommission.org/

28. The High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy

Link: https://www.oceanpanel.org/

29. The Convention on Biological Diversity - Marine Biodiversity

Link: https://www.cbd.int/marine/

30. International Maritime Organization - Marine Environmental Protection

Link: http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Default.aspx

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Research and Reports

31. World Bank - Blue Economy

Link: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28979

32. Global Water Partnership - Integrated Approach to Water and Ocean Issues

Link: https://www.gwp.org/en/GWP-Toolbox/

33. United Nations Environment Programme - Marine Report

Link: https://www.unep.org/resources/report/marine-and-coastal-report

34. United Nations Development Programme - Marine Policies

Link: https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-14-life-below-water.html

35. The Pew Charitable Trusts - Sustainable Fishing Initiatives

Link: https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/projects/healthier-oceans

Community and Local Efforts

36. American Red Cross - Community Resilience in Coastal Regions

Link: https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/coastal-resilience.html

37. Alaska Sea Grant - Marine Science Initiatives

Link: https://seagrant.uaf.edu/

38. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology - Coral Reef Research

Link: https://himb.org/

39. The Nature Conservancy - Coastal Restoration Projects

Link: https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-work/land/conservation-practices/coastal-restoration/

40. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network

Link: https://gcrmnpacific.org/

These links provide insights into the problems associated with SDG 14, the solutions being implemented, and the various initiatives and collaborations taking place across different regions of the world to address these challenges.

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SDG 6- Clean Water and Sanitation. UN Sustainable Development Goals.mkv_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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http://www.gicdc.com.cn/data/detail/fbb9712990fc0bc10193011c363502d1

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联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）目标之一：水下生物

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https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/488875914

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知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业、友善的社区氛围、独特的产品机制以及结构化和易获得的优质内容，聚集了中文互联网科技、商业、影视、时尚、文化等领域最具创造力的人群，已成为综合性、全品类、在诸多领域具有关键影响力的知识分享社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，建立起了以社区驱动的内容变现商业模式。

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https://www.sclc2017.org/c/2023-05-10/19400.shtml

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【科普小课堂】可持续发展目标14--水下生物

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欢迎同学们来到可持续发展目标科普小课堂，今天我们一起来了解联合国可持续发展目标 14--水下生物。 可持续发展目标（ Sustainable Development Goals，英文简称SDGs），是联合国制定的全球发展目标，旨在从2015年到2030年间以综合方式彻底解决社会、经济和环境三个维度的发展问题，转向可持续发展道路。 到 ...

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Official Organizations

• UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs - Official Page for SDG 14

• USAID - SDG 14 Page

• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN - SDG 14 Page

• Official Website of the United Nations Ocean Conference

• Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Research Institutions

• World Resources Institute

• Ocean Conservancy

• Stockholm International Water Institute

• Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Non - governmental Organizations

• SDG Sustainable Development Alliance

• Greenpeace

• The Nature Conservancy

• World Wide Fund for Nature

• Sea Shepherd Conservation Society

News and Media

• UN News

• Scientific American

• The Guardian

• China Ocean News

Academic Databases

• Web of Science

• Scopus

• China National Knowledge Infrastructure

• JSTOR

Others

• Global Fishing Watch

• International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

• Frontiers in Marine Science

• Maritime Policy & Management

https://www.imo.org/en/Pages/default.aspx

https://www.aol.org/

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http://www.gicdc.com.cn/data/detail/fbb9712990fc0bc10192e22241930289

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联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）目标之一：清洁水源与公共卫生设施

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https://www.kgu.cn

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https://www.kgu.cn

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Here are 10 websites about SDG 14 (Life Below Water):

1. The official page of SDG 14 of the United Nations: The United Nations' official introduction, targets, and related resources about Sustainable Development Goal 14.

2. The United Nations in China - SDG 14: It introduces the relevant situations, targets, and progress of SDG 14 in China and globally.

3. SDG Compass - SDG 14: It provides information about the role of enterprises in SDG 14, key themes, action examples, and indicators, etc.

4. World Wide Fund for Nature: It offers the latest information, projects, and activities on global environmental protection, including marine conservation.

5. Sustainable Development Goals Knowledge Platform: It provides news, articles, and resources related to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

6. Marine Defenders Association: Focusing on marine protection, it has content related to marine ecosystems, marine pollution, etc., which are relevant to SDG 14.

7. Pew Oceans Commission: Committed to promoting marine policies and conservation, it has a lot of research and initiatives related to SDG 14.

8. International Maritime Organization: It has numerous initiatives and information in aspects such as marine transportation, maritime safety, and marine environmental protection, which are related to SDG 14.

9. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society: Paying attention to marine protection actions, it has a lot of content about protecting marine life and resisting illegal fishing.

10. Mission Blue: Aiming to protect marine ecosystems, it promotes scientific research, education, and publicity work on marine protection.

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https://baike.baidu.com/item/联合国可持续发展目标/18661268

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联合国可持续发展目标（Sustainable Development Goals）缩写SDGs，是联合国制定的17个全球发展目标，在2000-2015年千年发展目标（MDGs）到期之后继续指导2015-2030年的全球发展工作。2015年9月25日，联合国可持续发展峰会在纽约总部召开，联合国193个成员国在峰会上正式通过17个可持续发展目标。可持续发展目标旨在从2015年到2030年间以综合方式彻底解决社会、经济和环境三个维度的发展问题，转向可持续发展道路。

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我好饿

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https://baike.baidu.com/item/联合国可持续发展目标/18661268

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
联合国可持续发展目标（Sustainable Development Goals）缩写SDGs，是联合国制定的17个全球发展目标，在2000-2015年千年发展目标（MDGs）到期之后继续指导2015-2030年的全球发展工作。2015年9月25日，联合国可持续发展峰会在纽约总部召开，联合国193个成员国在峰会上正式通过17个可持续发展目标。可持续发展目标旨在从2015年到2030年间以综合方式彻底解决社会、经济和环境三个维度的发展问题，转向可持续发展道路。

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SDG 14 - Life Below Water. UN Sustainable Development Goals_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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Seas and oceans cover 71 percent of the world's surface and provide diverse habitats for millions of unique species. From minuscule plankton and shrimps to the enormous shapes of blue whales and giant squid, marine life take thousands of brilliant forms. Although shallow, coastal waters, which profit from extra sunlight, tend to be more fertile zones for life than the deep deserts of the open ocean, life can be found in even the bleakest crevices of the sea. Indeed, the oceans are the font of all life on earth, from which our distant ancestors wriggled onto the shore some 500 million years ago. Yet however vast the oceans may be they cannot sustain the amount of pollution human beings pour into them. Sea-life is under immense pressure from plastic, rising temperatures, acidification, fishing, and more-and sterile seas have enormous implications for the existence of human life on the planet.

What Is Marine Life?

Marine life encompasses all animal life that exists in saltwater, in the planet's seas and oceans. Freshwater life, that inhabits rivers and lakes, is categorized differently; "marine" specifically denotes sea-dwelling creatures.

What Is The Study Of Marine Life?

The study of marine life is called marine biology. Marine biologists are at the frontlines of both the scientific and conservationist communities. Their duties include collecting organism specimens at sea, crunching data, and experimenting in the lab. Areas of research are also multifarious but might include the study of animal migration patterns, underwater photosynthesis, or investigating the impact of human pollution, for example on coral reefs.

What Are The Types Of Marine Life?

The saltwater environs which make up the majority of the Earth are home to diverse species, and members of almost all classes of creatures, from mammals and mollusks to birds and reptiles, make the sea their home.

Cephalopods, Crustaceans, And Shellfish

These are a varied group of organisms that inhabit different roles within marine ecosystems. Cephalopods are a family of mollusks which include octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and nautili. These creatures fulfill an important role in consumption within an ecosystem, acting as both voracious predators and prey for various creatures. Although their role in ecosystems could be better understood, they are highly valuable creatures to study in the field of comparable intelligence. The intelligence of creatures like octopi is remarkable, capable of complex problem solving, daring escape acts and forming emotional bonds with people.

Crustaceans are a family of creatures that include crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and prawns. Crustaceans also inhabit a wide range of ecological niches, being an essential food source for many other creatures as well as largely being carnivores, acting as predators or detritus feeders themselves.

Shellfish is a colloquial term that incorporates crustaceans, which have thick exoskeletons, alongside various mollusks with shells such as bivalves like mussels, clams, oysters, cockles, and scallops. This last group also sustains its own important role in ecology, sifting nutrients and debris out from water which can make areas more habitable for other species of animal.

Corals And Invertebrates

Corals are invertebrate marine creatures that tend to live in large colonies which form reefs.. Reefs enrich the lives of many creatures, including humans. They protect coastlines from erosion and storms, attract tourism and build livelihoods, and act as sources of food and new medicines. Although less than 0.1 percent of the ocean is covered by coral reefs, 25 percent of marine species dwell in them; they are incubators for life. Other marine invertebrates include sponges, starfishes, and anemones.

Mammals

There are numerous mammals in the oceans, some of which hang closer to shore like seals and sea lions whilst others can travel vast distances, like dolphins, whales, and orcas. These creatures are some of the most intelligent of all marine life and even form interspecies bonds unprovoked, as documented by the friendly interactions between bottlenose dolphins and false killer whales, memorably captured in David Attenborough's Blue Planet 2.

Fishes

There are 20,000 different species of fish in our planet's oceans. From tuna and marlin to clownfish, barracudas, and guppies they are the quintessential water creature. It is also the vertebrate animals that are killed by humans more than any other, with around one trillion fish being killed for human consumption each year.

Turtles And Reptiles

Sea turtles are the most iconic marine reptile species, although other marine reptiles include sea snakes, marine iguanas, and saltwater crocodiles. Sea turtles provide irreplaceable ecological functions. Hawksbill turtles, for example, eat common sponge species which proliferate on coral reefs, which saves the corals from being strangled by the sponges and allows less common sponges to grow, adding to the reef's biodiversity. Marine iguanas, which Charles Darwin heartlessly described as "most disgusting, clumsy lizards", are poster boys for the Galapagos archipelago, and help draw in ecotourism funds which lead to the islands' continued conservation.

Birds

Seabirds fish the coasts of various continents and include a wide array of creatures, from gulls, to albatrosses, penguins, cormorants, and puffins. Seabirds have provided some of the most emotive and haunting images of oil spills, and such disasters prove irreversibly damaging and lethal to such birds.

Sharks And Rays

Finally, sharks and rays, which are cartilaginous fish, whose skeletons are primarily composed of cartilage, remain. Sharks like Great Whites may have a bad rap due to movies like Jaws, but humans kill 100 million sharks each year, whilst sharks only kill 12 humans. Rays kick up sand when excavating for food, which created microhabitats for tiny invertebrates in an example of healthy ecosystem engineering.

How Much Marine Life Is In The Ocean?

Curiously, although the oceans make up 71 percent of the earth's surface they only contain 15 percent of the Earth's species; 80 percent of species dwell on land, and the remaining 5 percent in freshwater. The reasons for this are varied, including a lack of diversity in the architecture of ocean environments as opposed to the various geographies of land like deserts, mountains, forests, grasslands, and so on. However, this is no black mark against the oceans, which still contain an immense plethora of life. There are still a predicted 2 million species in the oceans, and only 228,450 are known to humanity. The oceans also contain the vast majority of animal life in terms of quantity, even if the types of life are less varied. Indeed 78 percent of animal biomass can be found in the oceans, which makes the oceans the home to the largest numbers of sentient beings out of any setting.

Why Are Marine Environments Important?

Marine environments are crucial to the entire planet for several reasons. Firstly, although estimates vary it is widely agreed that marine photosynthesizers, most notably tiny phytoplankton, create over 50 percent of the globe's oxygen. This means that the health of these ocean organisms is integral to the continued breathability and temperature of the Earth; they also sequester carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas, during photosynthesis. When these ecosystems are destroyed billions of tons of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere, accelerating global heating.

If that was not crucial enough, there are further reasons marine environments are important. They help regulate the planet's climate and weather systems, and the warming of the oceans may lead to a higher incidence of extreme weather events like hurricanes and tsunamis, which are often deadly, and the El Niño and La Niña weather events which cause starvation in Asian and Pacific countries like Timor Leste.

Degrading marine environments actually endangers the 40 percent of global communities who live on the coast. Ecosystems on coasts, like mangroves, often provide services of flood and storm protection for adjacent human settlements. The destruction of marine environments can wreck people's livelihoods. This is true for fisherman and tourist industries, like those anchored to marine wonders like the Great Barrier Reef, over half of which has died due to rising ocean temperatures. Even more alarming are those island nations which may be swallowed up as global warming melts the ice caps and ocean levels rise, and many have already had to evacuate their homes to escape the rising ocean, a bleak omen of what could occur if climate change proceeds unchecked.

How Does Pollution Affect Marine Life?

Pollution can be devastating for marine life, which is often sensitive to changes in their environment. Chemical pollution is a big problem for the oceans and before 1972 copious toxic chemicals, industrial waste, untreated sewerage, and even millions of tons of heavy metals and radioactive material were dumped into the sea. Although regulations have increased, chemical pollution continues to be a problem with animal agriculture being a lead cause, whose fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides leach into rivers which lead in turn to the ocean. Other chemical pollutants include crude oil, which has ended up in the ocean through spills like the Deepwater Horizon disaster. The effect of these chemicals can be devastating. In recent years, dead zones caused by toxic algae which feed on the nutrients which run off farms into the sea have become a more common occurrence, and these zones can be hundreds of miles long and kill all the marine life beneath them. Harmful chemicals are consumed by sea creatures and end up in their digestive systems.

Plastic pollution is another hugely pressing problem, and the amount of plastic in the oceans is incredibly vast. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, for example, is a floating body of garbage of immense size - at 620,000 square miles, it is twice the size of Texas. A huge contributor to ocean pollution is single-use plastics like plastic bags, which slowly dissolve into microplastics, small, insoluble particles that species of coral choose to eat over actual food, and kills them. Indeed, plastic bags are mistaken by sea turtles, who see them as jellyfish, who eat them and die as a result. Decaying plastic releases a smell similar to the foods of some seabirds, who proceed to choke on the plastics they try and consume. Marine mammals like whales also end up consuming the plastic, which kills them; some 88 pounds or 40 kilograms of plastic was discovered inside the body of a juvenile Cuvier's beaked whale, who had been reported vomiting blood before he died. Yet domestic consumers are not the only ones responsible; unmoored nets used in commercial fishing nets drift freely for miles, ensnaring animals in their path and 46 percent of the Pacific garbage patch is made from fishing lines.

Although plastic and chemical pollution are perhaps the most egregious forms of marine pollution, humans also pollute the sea in other ways. Shallow waters near urban environments inevitably suffer from light pollution, which interferes with the circadian rhythms of coastal organisms which regulate their feeding, migratory and reproductive habits. Light pollution also makes it easier for predators to hunt small fish and damages the breeding capabilities of reef fish.

Noise pollution, from sonar devices, oil rigs, and large ships also pose problems. Mass beachings of various species of whales have been attributed to loud artificial noises caused by seismic human activity like oil or gas exploration, which panics and disorients whales, which exhaust themselves fleeing.

Finally, one of the most worrying ways pollution affects the ocean is through a gradual process of acidification. This is caused by humanity's CO2 emissions, 30 percent of which are absorbed by the sea. This process of acidification is having damaging effects on wildlife across the seas; creatures like oysters and corals, which build shells and exoskeletons from calcium particles in seawater, are struggling as such particles are more rapidly dissolved. Miniature sea snails called pteropods, which feed organisms like krill and whales, are at risk. When researchers placed pteropod shells in water with the predicted pH and carbonate levels of the oceans by the year 2100, they found the shells dissolved over 45 days.

Other Marine Life Issues and Threats

Pollution is one way we damage marine environments, by poisoning them through neglect, but humanity also destroys them for its own benefit, financial and culinary.

Whaling

Whaling has long been a highly controversial practice, particularly after some species of whale were nearly hunted to extinction in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Most whaling countries agreed to an effective moratorium on whaling in 1986, enforced by the IWC (International Whaling Commission). However, some allowances were made for whaling to persist for scientific research, a process that was allegedly abused by Japan. However, commercial whaling has remained persistent; Norway and Iceland continue to partake in commercial whaling and Japan followed suit as recently as 2019. Although whaling levels are minute compared to rates in the late 1960s the brutal and drawn-out method of killing whales, whereby they are stuck with numerous explosive harpoons and shot with rifles, is inhumane. Bearing in mind whales' complex intelligence and sociality, such violence is inherently cruel.

Confinement of Marine Life

Marine life, particularly mammals, does not fare well in captivity. Killer whales provide the best example of this. Killer whales born in captivity lead unnaturally short lives, and captive orcas exhibit unique, stress-induced behaviors such as grinding their teeth against stone and bouts of aggression, which can be deadly for trainers. These creatures normally travel thousands of miles through the oceans, yet are confined into confined spaces; Lolita, an orca at the Miami Seaquarium, lives in a tank less than twice the length of her body.

Although orcas are the most famous examples of marine life suffering confinement there is evidence that other marine mammals experience similar effects. Obie, a rescued walrus who lived at SeaWorld San Diego, died at age 28, 12 years shy of life expectancy in the wild, and apparently exhibited stereotype behavior like biting the glass of his enclosure and regurgitating and re-eating his food, acts indicative of mental illness.

Fisheries

Commercial fishing is a significant contributor to the global decline of sustainable fisheries, and as the market continues to expand from $240.99 billion to a projected $438.59 billion by 2026 there is no sign that pressure is letting up. There is no acknowledgment from the fishing industry that fish may feel pain or emotion, despite studies to the contrary, leading to inhumane practices like killing by asphyxiation and the live gutting of fish, some of which can take an hour to die. Commercial fishing is also deeply inefficient and indiscriminate in its targets; about 40 percent of the global catch is bycatch, which is unwanted sea life thrown overboard, dead or dying. It isn't only fish who are affected as an estimated 300,000 cetaceans (whales and dolphins) are accidentally killed by fishing vessels each year.

Shark Finning

Although international agreements are trying to halt its spread, shark finning remains a major problem. Over 90 percent of certain shark populations have been lost over the previous half-century due to this practice. The practice itself is also inhumane; sharks have their fins cut off whilst alive before they are thrown back into the ocean, where they inevitably die of blood loss or are eaten by other predators. Highly endangered shark species are among those who fall prey to this practice, and many vendors of shark fin soup don't know what shark species the fins they purchase come from. This huge pressure on shark numbers, 100 million killed each year, can lead to ecosystem damage that spreads far and wide -without sharks rays proliferate, which eat more bivalves, which can harm dependent human communities and water quality.

How Can We Protect Marine Life?

One of the United Nations' sustainable development goals, goal number 14, is to ensure that the seas and their marine resources are sustainably used and developed. The United Nations has indeed seen progress towards the implementation of these goals, most notably their achievement of procuring the signatures of 97 countries on to the Agreement for Port State Measures, the first internationally binding agreement which seeks to disincentivize illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. The amount of national waters which have gained protected status has doubled since 2010, with most progress made in the Caribbean, Oceania, and Latin America. This represents progress, although such strides remain insufficient. The UN's statistics report that although sustainable fisheries are declining at a slower rate, they are nonetheless declining-from 90 percent of stocks being biologically sustainable in 1970 to 65.8 percent in 2017. The UN freely admits that current efforts to protect marine environments are falling short of sustainability targets. It is also noteworthy that in the UN's SDG Good Practices manual, a compilation of SDG-related success stories from around the globe, only three examples cited helped the oceans, and even these only tangentially. The UN only has limited power as an international broker-governments and consumers must act unilaterally.

Therefore, group organizing and lobbying local politicians, Members of Parliament, and Members of Congress to acknowledge and act on the importance of marine habitats for both animal and human communities is one way to apply pressure and enact change.

As an individual, there are impactful changes one can make. Limit your use of plastics, when you purchase items like plastic bags re-use them as much as you can and try and recycle when you do dispose of them. Discarding seafood from your diet is an effective change and a way to undermine the commercial foundations of an industry like fishing, which is so devastating to a wide range of animals and ecosystems. Adopting a fully plant-based diet is also the single biggest way an individual can contribute towards reversing climate change, so eating vegan will help stop ocean acidification, rising water temperatures, and sea levels, and limits the extent of the noxious agricultural chemicals which pour into the sea.

The Road Ahead

The oceans are where life on Earth began and contain the bulk of our planet's animal life. Once thought a boundless reservoir of resources, time has revealed just how sensitive marine ecology is, and how deeply humanity and the planet rely on its continued health. Immense strides need to be made in protecting the oceans from the ravages of pollution, overfishing, and climate change. Otherwise, the vast and diverse oceans may become barren, ruining human and animal lives in the process.

Fish Without the Catch: Seafood Alternatives Are on the Rise What Is Bycatch and How Does It Harm Marine Life? A Conservationist's Guide to Protecting the Oceans

Matthew Chalmers

UK based writer opposed to the unnecessary suffering of all beings. Dissecting our treatment of animals in history, philosophy and culture. Founder of The Liberator online magazine.

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Marine Life: What Is It and How Does Pollution Affect Marine Life?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Seas and oceans cover 71 percent of the world's surface and provide diverse habitats for millions of unique species. From minuscule plankton and shrimps to the enormous shapes of blue whales and giant squid, marine life take thousands of brilliant forms. Although shallow, coastal waters, which profit from extra sunlight, tend to be more fertile zones for life than the deep deserts of the open ocean, life can be found in even the bleakest crevices of the sea.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Seas and oceans cover 71 percent of the world's surface and provide diverse habitats for millions of unique species. From minuscule plankton and shrimps to the enormous shapes of blue whales and giant squid, marine life take thousands of brilliant forms. Although shallow, coastal waters, which profit from extra sunlight, tend to be more fertile zones for life than the deep deserts of the open ocean, life can be found in even the bleakest crevices of the sea. Indeed, the oceans are the font of all life on earth, from which our distant ancestors wriggled onto the shore some 500 million years ago. Yet however vast the oceans may be they cannot sustain the amount of pollution human beings pour into them. Sea-life is under immense pressure from plastic, rising temperatures, acidification, fishing, and more-and sterile seas have enormous implications for the existence of human life on the planet.

What Is Marine Life?

Marine life encompasses all animal life that exists in saltwater, in the planet's seas and oceans. Freshwater life, that inhabits rivers and lakes, is categorized differently; "marine" specifically denotes sea-dwelling creatures.

What Is The Study Of Marine Life?

The study of marine life is called marine biology. Marine biologists are at the frontlines of both the scientific and conservationist communities. Their duties include collecting organism specimens at sea, crunching data, and experimenting in the lab. Areas of research are also multifarious but might include the study of animal migration patterns, underwater photosynthesis, or investigating the impact of human pollution, for example on coral reefs.

What Are The Types Of Marine Life?

The saltwater environs which make up the majority of the Earth are home to diverse species, and members of almost all classes of creatures, from mammals and mollusks to birds and reptiles, make the sea their home.

Cephalopods, Crustaceans, And Shellfish

These are a varied group of organisms that inhabit different roles within marine ecosystems. Cephalopods are a family of mollusks which include octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and nautili. These creatures fulfill an important role in consumption within an ecosystem, acting as both voracious predators and prey for various creatures. Although their role in ecosystems could be better understood, they are highly valuable creatures to study in the field of comparable intelligence. The intelligence of creatures like octopi is remarkable, capable of complex problem solving, daring escape acts and forming emotional bonds with people.

Crustaceans are a family of creatures that include crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and prawns. Crustaceans also inhabit a wide range of ecological niches, being an essential food source for many other creatures as well as largely being carnivores, acting as predators or detritus feeders themselves.

Shellfish is a colloquial term that incorporates crustaceans, which have thick exoskeletons, alongside various mollusks with shells such as bivalves like mussels, clams, oysters, cockles, and scallops. This last group also sustains its own important role in ecology, sifting nutrients and debris out from water which can make areas more habitable for other species of animal.

Corals And Invertebrates

Corals are invertebrate marine creatures that tend to live in large colonies which form reefs.. Reefs enrich the lives of many creatures, including humans. They protect coastlines from erosion and storms, attract tourism and build livelihoods, and act as sources of food and new medicines. Although less than 0.1 percent of the ocean is covered by coral reefs, 25 percent of marine species dwell in them; they are incubators for life. Other marine invertebrates include sponges, starfishes, and anemones.

Mammals

There are numerous mammals in the oceans, some of which hang closer to shore like seals and sea lions whilst others can travel vast distances, like dolphins, whales, and orcas. These creatures are some of the most intelligent of all marine life and even form interspecies bonds unprovoked, as documented by the friendly interactions between bottlenose dolphins and false killer whales, memorably captured in David Attenborough's Blue Planet 2.

Fishes

There are 20,000 different species of fish in our planet's oceans. From tuna and marlin to clownfish, barracudas, and guppies they are the quintessential water creature. It is also the vertebrate animals that are killed by humans more than any other, with around one trillion fish being killed for human consumption each year.

Turtles And Reptiles

Sea turtles are the most iconic marine reptile species, although other marine reptiles include sea snakes, marine iguanas, and saltwater crocodiles. Sea turtles provide irreplaceable ecological functions. Hawksbill turtles, for example, eat common sponge species which proliferate on coral reefs, which saves the corals from being strangled by the sponges and allows less common sponges to grow, adding to the reef's biodiversity. Marine iguanas, which Charles Darwin heartlessly described as "most disgusting, clumsy lizards", are poster boys for the Galapagos archipelago, and help draw in ecotourism funds which lead to the islands' continued conservation.

Birds

Seabirds fish the coasts of various continents and include a wide array of creatures, from gulls, to albatrosses, penguins, cormorants, and puffins. Seabirds have provided some of the most emotive and haunting images of oil spills, and such disasters prove irreversibly damaging and lethal to such birds.

Sharks And Rays

Finally, sharks and rays, which are cartilaginous fish, whose skeletons are primarily composed of cartilage, remain. Sharks like Great Whites may have a bad rap due to movies like Jaws, but humans kill 100 million sharks each year, whilst sharks only kill 12 humans. Rays kick up sand when excavating for food, which created microhabitats for tiny invertebrates in an example of healthy ecosystem engineering.

How Much Marine Life Is In The Ocean?

Curiously, although the oceans make up 71 percent of the earth's surface they only contain 15 percent of the Earth's species; 80 percent of species dwell on land, and the remaining 5 percent in freshwater. The reasons for this are varied, including a lack of diversity in the architecture of ocean environments as opposed to the various geographies of land like deserts, mountains, forests, grasslands, and so on. However, this is no black mark against the oceans, which still contain an immense plethora of life. There are still a predicted 2 million species in the oceans, and only 228,450 are known to humanity. The oceans also contain the vast majority of animal life in terms of quantity, even if the types of life are less varied. Indeed 78 percent of animal biomass can be found in the oceans, which makes the oceans the home to the largest numbers of sentient beings out of any setting.

Why Are Marine Environments Important?

Marine environments are crucial to the entire planet for several reasons. Firstly, although estimates vary it is widely agreed that marine photosynthesizers, most notably tiny phytoplankton, create over 50 percent of the globe's oxygen. This means that the health of these ocean organisms is integral to the continued breathability and temperature of the Earth; they also sequester carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas, during photosynthesis. When these ecosystems are destroyed billions of tons of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere, accelerating global heating.

If that was not crucial enough, there are further reasons marine environments are important. They help regulate the planet's climate and weather systems, and the warming of the oceans may lead to a higher incidence of extreme weather events like hurricanes and tsunamis, which are often deadly, and the El Niño and La Niña weather events which cause starvation in Asian and Pacific countries like Timor Leste.

Degrading marine environments actually endangers the 40 percent of global communities who live on the coast. Ecosystems on coasts, like mangroves, often provide services of flood and storm protection for adjacent human settlements. The destruction of marine environments can wreck people's livelihoods. This is true for fisherman and tourist industries, like those anchored to marine wonders like the Great Barrier Reef, over half of which has died due to rising ocean temperatures. Even more alarming are those island nations which may be swallowed up as global warming melts the ice caps and ocean levels rise, and many have already had to evacuate their homes to escape the rising ocean, a bleak omen of what could occur if climate change proceeds unchecked.

How Does Pollution Affect Marine Life?

Pollution can be devastating for marine life, which is often sensitive to changes in their environment. Chemical pollution is a big problem for the oceans and before 1972 copious toxic chemicals, industrial waste, untreated sewerage, and even millions of tons of heavy metals and radioactive material were dumped into the sea. Although regulations have increased, chemical pollution continues to be a problem with animal agriculture being a lead cause, whose fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides leach into rivers which lead in turn to the ocean. Other chemical pollutants include crude oil, which has ended up in the ocean through spills like the Deepwater Horizon disaster. The effect of these chemicals can be devastating. In recent years, dead zones caused by toxic algae which feed on the nutrients which run off farms into the sea have become a more common occurrence, and these zones can be hundreds of miles long and kill all the marine life beneath them. Harmful chemicals are consumed by sea creatures and end up in their digestive systems.

Plastic pollution is another hugely pressing problem, and the amount of plastic in the oceans is incredibly vast. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, for example, is a floating body of garbage of immense size - at 620,000 square miles, it is twice the size of Texas. A huge contributor to ocean pollution is single-use plastics like plastic bags, which slowly dissolve into microplastics, small, insoluble particles that species of coral choose to eat over actual food, and kills them. Indeed, plastic bags are mistaken by sea turtles, who see them as jellyfish, who eat them and die as a result. Decaying plastic releases a smell similar to the foods of some seabirds, who proceed to choke on the plastics they try and consume. Marine mammals like whales also end up consuming the plastic, which kills them; some 88 pounds or 40 kilograms of plastic was discovered inside the body of a juvenile Cuvier's beaked whale, who had been reported vomiting blood before he died. Yet domestic consumers are not the only ones responsible; unmoored nets used in commercial fishing nets drift freely for miles, ensnaring animals in their path and 46 percent of the Pacific garbage patch is made from fishing lines.

Although plastic and chemical pollution are perhaps the most egregious forms of marine pollution, humans also pollute the sea in other ways. Shallow waters near urban environments inevitably suffer from light pollution, which interferes with the circadian rhythms of coastal organisms which regulate their feeding, migratory and reproductive habits. Light pollution also makes it easier for predators to hunt small fish and damages the breeding capabilities of reef fish.

Noise pollution, from sonar devices, oil rigs, and large ships also pose problems. Mass beachings of various species of whales have been attributed to loud artificial noises caused by seismic human activity like oil or gas exploration, which panics and disorients whales, which exhaust themselves fleeing.

Finally, one of the most worrying ways pollution affects the ocean is through a gradual process of acidification. This is caused by humanity's CO2 emissions, 30 percent of which are absorbed by the sea. This process of acidification is having damaging effects on wildlife across the seas; creatures like oysters and corals, which build shells and exoskeletons from calcium particles in seawater, are struggling as such particles are more rapidly dissolved. Miniature sea snails called pteropods, which feed organisms like krill and whales, are at risk. When researchers placed pteropod shells in water with the predicted pH and carbonate levels of the oceans by the year 2100, they found the shells dissolved over 45 days.

Other Marine Life Issues and Threats

Pollution is one way we damage marine environments, by poisoning them through neglect, but humanity also destroys them for its own benefit, financial and culinary.

Whaling

Whaling has long been a highly controversial practice, particularly after some species of whale were nearly hunted to extinction in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Most whaling countries agreed to an effective moratorium on whaling in 1986, enforced by the IWC (International Whaling Commission). However, some allowances were made for whaling to persist for scientific research, a process that was allegedly abused by Japan. However, commercial whaling has remained persistent; Norway and Iceland continue to partake in commercial whaling and Japan followed suit as recently as 2019. Although whaling levels are minute compared to rates in the late 1960s the brutal and drawn-out method of killing whales, whereby they are stuck with numerous explosive harpoons and shot with rifles, is inhumane. Bearing in mind whales' complex intelligence and sociality, such violence is inherently cruel.

Confinement of Marine Life

Marine life, particularly mammals, does not fare well in captivity. Killer whales provide the best example of this. Killer whales born in captivity lead unnaturally short lives, and captive orcas exhibit unique, stress-induced behaviors such as grinding their teeth against stone and bouts of aggression, which can be deadly for trainers. These creatures normally travel thousands of miles through the oceans, yet are confined into confined spaces; Lolita, an orca at the Miami Seaquarium, lives in a tank less than twice the length of her body.

Although orcas are the most famous examples of marine life suffering confinement there is evidence that other marine mammals experience similar effects. Obie, a rescued walrus who lived at SeaWorld San Diego, died at age 28, 12 years shy of life expectancy in the wild, and apparently exhibited stereotype behavior like biting the glass of his enclosure and regurgitating and re-eating his food, acts indicative of mental illness.

Fisheries

Commercial fishing is a significant contributor to the global decline of sustainable fisheries, and as the market continues to expand from $240.99 billion to a projected $438.59 billion by 2026 there is no sign that pressure is letting up. There is no acknowledgment from the fishing industry that fish may feel pain or emotion, despite studies to the contrary, leading to inhumane practices like killing by asphyxiation and the live gutting of fish, some of which can take an hour to die. Commercial fishing is also deeply inefficient and indiscriminate in its targets; about 40 percent of the global catch is bycatch, which is unwanted sea life thrown overboard, dead or dying. It isn't only fish who are affected as an estimated 300,000 cetaceans (whales and dolphins) are accidentally killed by fishing vessels each year.

Shark Finning

Although international agreements are trying to halt its spread, shark finning remains a major problem. Over 90 percent of certain shark populations have been lost over the previous half-century due to this practice. The practice itself is also inhumane; sharks have their fins cut off whilst alive before they are thrown back into the ocean, where they inevitably die of blood loss or are eaten by other predators. Highly endangered shark species are among those who fall prey to this practice, and many vendors of shark fin soup don't know what shark species the fins they purchase come from. This huge pressure on shark numbers, 100 million killed each year, can lead to ecosystem damage that spreads far and wide -without sharks rays proliferate, which eat more bivalves, which can harm dependent human communities and water quality.

How Can We Protect Marine Life?

One of the United Nations' sustainable development goals, goal number 14, is to ensure that the seas and their marine resources are sustainably used and developed. The United Nations has indeed seen progress towards the implementation of these goals, most notably their achievement of procuring the signatures of 97 countries on to the Agreement for Port State Measures, the first internationally binding agreement which seeks to disincentivize illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. The amount of national waters which have gained protected status has doubled since 2010, with most progress made in the Caribbean, Oceania, and Latin America. This represents progress, although such strides remain insufficient. The UN's statistics report that although sustainable fisheries are declining at a slower rate, they are nonetheless declining-from 90 percent of stocks being biologically sustainable in 1970 to 65.8 percent in 2017. The UN freely admits that current efforts to protect marine environments are falling short of sustainability targets. It is also noteworthy that in the UN's SDG Good Practices manual, a compilation of SDG-related success stories from around the globe, only three examples cited helped the oceans, and even these only tangentially. The UN only has limited power as an international broker-governments and consumers must act unilaterally.

Therefore, group organizing and lobbying local politicians, Members of Parliament, and Members of Congress to acknowledge and act on the importance of marine habitats for both animal and human communities is one way to apply pressure and enact change.

As an individual, there are impactful changes one can make. Limit your use of plastics, when you purchase items like plastic bags re-use them as much as you can and try and recycle when you do dispose of them. Discarding seafood from your diet is an effective change and a way to undermine the commercial foundations of an industry like fishing, which is so devastating to a wide range of animals and ecosystems. Adopting a fully plant-based diet is also the single biggest way an individual can contribute towards reversing climate change, so eating vegan will help stop ocean acidification, rising water temperatures, and sea levels, and limits the extent of the noxious agricultural chemicals which pour into the sea.

The Road Ahead

The oceans are where life on Earth began and contain the bulk of our planet's animal life. Once thought a boundless reservoir of resources, time has revealed just how sensitive marine ecology is, and how deeply humanity and the planet rely on its continued health. Immense strides need to be made in protecting the oceans from the ravages of pollution, overfishing, and climate change. Otherwise, the vast and diverse oceans may become barren, ruining human and animal lives in the process.

Fish Without the Catch: Seafood Alternatives Are on the Rise What Is Bycatch and How Does It Harm Marine Life? A Conservationist's Guide to Protecting the Oceans

Matthew Chalmers

UK based writer opposed to the unnecessary suffering of all beings. Dissecting our treatment of animals in history, philosophy and culture. Founder of The Liberator online magazine.

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Marine Life: What Is It and How Does Pollution Affect Marine Life?

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Seas and oceans cover 71 percent of the world's surface and provide diverse habitats for millions of unique species. From minuscule plankton and shrimps to the enormous shapes of blue whales and giant squid, marine life take thousands of brilliant forms. Although shallow, coastal waters, which profit from extra sunlight, tend to be more fertile zones for life than the deep deserts of the open ocean, life can be found in even the bleakest crevices of the sea.

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In the framework of SD Goal 6, conservation mainly refers to the protection and rational use of water resources, water environment and water-related ecosystems to ensure the sustainability of water resources, ensure the supply of clean drinking water and the effective operation of sanitation facilities, and maintain ecological balance.

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In the framework of SD Goal 6, conservation mainly refers to the protection and rational use of water resources, water environment and water-related ecosystems to ensure the sustainability of water resources, ensure the supply of clean drinking water and the effective operation of sanitation facilities, and maintain ecological balance.

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水对地球至关重要。海洋、湖泊、海洋和河流调节温度，吸收二氧化碳，维持数十亿人的生计，并承载着无数种类的海洋生物。实现这一目标需要采取大胆的行动，减少海洋污染和海洋酸化，保护和恢复海洋环境，促进可持续捕捞，并有效执行海洋法。

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水对地球至关重要。海洋、湖泊、海洋和河流调节温度，吸收二氧化碳，维持数十亿人的生计，并承载着无数种类的海洋生物。实现这一目标需要采取大胆的行动，减少海洋污染和海洋酸化，保护和恢复海洋环境，促进可持续捕捞，并有效执行海洋法。

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Oceans cover most of the earth‘s surface, which is crucial to global climate control, food supply and economic development. Protecting marine life and ecosystems is indispensable for maintaining the ecological balance of the earth and ensuring the well-being of human beings.

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Oceans cover most of the earth‘s surface, which is crucial to global climate control, food supply and economic development. Protecting marine life and ecosystems is indispensable for maintaining the ecological balance of the earth and ensuring the well-being of human beings.

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Water is essential for Earth. Oceans, lakes, seas, and rivers regulate temperatures, absorb carbon dioxide, sustain the livelihoods of billion of people, and host countless species of marine life. Achieving this objective requires bold action to reduce marine pollution and ocean acidification, to conserve and restore marine environments, to promote sustainable fishing, and to enforce efficiently the law of the sea.

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Water is essential for Earth. Oceans, lakes, seas, and rivers regulate temperatures, absorb carbon dioxide, sustain the livelihoods of billion of people, and host countless species of marine life. Achieving this objective requires bold action to reduce marine pollution and ocean acidification, to conserve and restore marine environments, to promote sustainable fishing, and to enforce efficiently the law of the sea.

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SDG14 - 海洋生活蓝色星球的召唤，守护我们共同的海洋家园！🌊 一起保护海洋生命！#海洋生活 #SDG14 #SDGOpenHack_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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-, 视频播放量 191、弹幕量 0、点赞数 1、投硬币枚数 0、收藏人数 3、转发人数 1, 视频作者 SDG开放创新马拉松, 作者简介 SDG Open Hackathon Yunnan 改变世界！
From Ideas to Sustainable Impact！，相关视频：创意征集活动优秀作品之来自万田星怡，朱瑞希，付业茂小组：呼吁大家一起垃圾分类，变废为宝～#SDGOpenHack#SDG#垃圾分类#变废为宝，SDG 开放创新马拉松中国区执委会执行主任毛东辉女士关于经管学院SDG开放创新马拉松公益研习活动采访一#SDG开放创新马拉松#SDGOpenHack，SDG 开放创新马拉松中国区执委会执行主任毛东辉女士关于SDG开放创新马拉松公益研习活动采访之SDG活动的社会价值#SDG开放创新马拉松#SDGOpenHack，SDG15 - 陆地生活绿色大地，是所有生命的摇篮。为了未来，珍惜每一寸土地！#陆地生活 #SDG15 #SDGOpenHack，SDG13 - 气候行动地球加热，行动不热吗？让我们共同为气候变化按下暂停键！#气候行动 #SDG13 #SDGOpenHack，经管学院重生故园楼队SDG开放创新总决赛路演#SDGOpenHack #SDGOpenHack云南 #经管学院#昆明UC教育，创意征集优秀作品三来自谭雅文同学：你知道怎么保护海洋生物吗？让我们一起行动起来吧[加油][加油][加油]#SDGOpenHack #SDG #可持续发展目标，Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy (负担得起的清洁能源) ⚡🌞#SDGOpenHack云南，SDG12 - 负责任消费与生产消费者的力量，推动绿色变革！#负责任消费 #SDG12 #SDGOpenHack#联合国可持续发展目标，经管最具传播影响力奖-云果儿团队#SDGOpenHack #联合国可持续发展目标 #SDG开放创新马拉松 #创新创业教育

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Publicize the importance of protecting marine ecosystems, call for reducing marine plastic pollution, resisting overfishing, establishing marine protected areas, and maintaining marine biodiversity.

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Publicize the importance of protecting marine ecosystems, call for reducing marine plastic pollution, resisting overfishing, establishing marine protected areas, and maintaining marine biodiversity.

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Call for the reduction of water pollution, promote the rational treatment and recycling of sewage, advocate for everyone‘s enjoyment of clean water and sanitation facilities, and raise public awareness of the importance of water resources protection.

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Call for the reduction of water pollution, promote the rational treatment and recycling of sewage, advocate for everyone‘s enjoyment of clean water and sanitation facilities, and raise public awareness of the importance of water resources protection.

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Watch this episode to understand more about coastal seas and oceans

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Our Planet | Coastal Seas | FULL EPISODE | Netflix

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Nature Reserves 101: Everything You Need to Know - EcoWatch

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Nature reserves are large areas of land set aside to protect habitats and ecosystems for common, rare and endangered animals and plants.