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In ancient Sparta, children born with disabilities were often taken away and killed because of societal standards of strength. This highlights early unfairness and how individuals with disabilities were not treated the same.

Source: Garland, R. (1995). The Eye of the Beholder: Deformity and Disability in the Graeco-Roman World.

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Religious Asylums for care (10th century)

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Monasteries and churches provided care for disabled individuals. They were often driven by charitable and religious motives, but these asylums were the first institutionalized efforts to support individuals with disabilities.

Source: Metzler, I. (2013). A Social History of Disability in the Middle Ages.

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The rise of scientific interest in disabilities (16th century)

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Physicians began studying disabled individuals scientifically, which challenged and debunked superstitious beliefs. Paracelsus (pictured above) pioneered for understanding mental disabilities as natural, and not super-natural.

Source: Porter, R. (2002). Madness: A Brief History.

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This was the first university the deaf, established in Washington D.C. This marked a significant time for people with disabilities and empowered deaf communities everywhere.

Source: Lane, H. (1989). When the Mind Hears: A History of the Deaf

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Helen Keller worked and advocated for the rights and education of the deaf-blind community. Additionally, she cofounded the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).

Source: Lash, J. (1980). Helen and Teacher: The Story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy.

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This was a fundamental and foundational movement for the United States. It prohibited discrimination based on disability in federally funded government programs.

Source: Pelka, F. (2012). What We Have Done: An Oral History of the Disability Rights Movement.

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Ed Roberts founded the Independent Living Movement, which advocated for community-based services and accessibility.

Source: Shapiro, J. P. (1993). No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement.

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Passage of the Rehabilitation Act (1973)

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Section 504 was the first U.S. law to prohibit discrimination against people with disabilities in federally funded programs, and it laid the groundwork civil rights legislation.

Source: Pelka, F. (2012). What We Have Done: An Oral History of the Disability Rights Movement.

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This was when the ADA was officially signed, stating Americans with disabilities were ensures rights and accessibility in public, and private spaces.

Source: Fleischer, D., & Zames, F. (2001). The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation

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Ed Roberts spearheaded this movement, which empowered those with disabilities to live alone and become independent. it emphasized self-determination and accessibility throughout the country.

Source: Shapiro, J. P. (1993). No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement.

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Judy Heumann played a huge role in the 504 sit-ins, and co-founded the World Institute of Disability.

Source: Heumann, J. (2020). Being Heumann: An Unrepentant Memoir of a Disability Rights Activist.

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UN convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)

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This international treaty emphasized global recognition of disability rights worldwide. It promoted accessibility, equality, and inclusion.

Source: United Nations. (2006). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

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Innovations, like screen readers, prosthetics, and mobility devices have helped revolutionize accessibility for people with disabilities.

Source: Mace, R. L. (1997). Universal Design in Housing