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a chemical process used in photography which changes the appearance of black-and-white prints to brown.

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a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos.

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the lightest elements in an image,

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The Tonal Range That Lies Between The Extreme Highlights And Shadows, Lending A Sense Of Depth, Dimension, And Naturalness To A Photograph.

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a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

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middle gray or middle grey

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the mostly used automatic metering mode in everyday photography

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like using Evaluative metering with a centre AF point.

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covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder,

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evaluates light around the chosen focus point or centre of the frame.

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allow you to capture multiple shots as your subject moves

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a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object.

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the art of creating photos by setting long exposure times on a camera and using a moving light source to “paint.”

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used to capture change or movement that occurs over a long period time.

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the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time.

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a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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Tripods are ideal for long-exposure photography and studio work. Monopods are great for steadying long lenses while on the move with action, wildlife, and sports photography.

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a long exposure photography technique that lets you convey the feeling of movement or action in a still image.

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an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds

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the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.

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the photographer selects an aperture, and the camera chooses an appropriate shutter speed based on the available light.

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when a photographer manually designates a shutter speed for a given exposure, and the camera automatically chooses an appropriate aperture and ISO setting to go with that shutter speed.

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in charge of adjusting aperture

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one of the Creative Zone modes, though one with the least control over your exposure settings

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when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider.

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the area of acceptable sharpness in front of and behind the subject which the lens is focused

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determined when the lens is focused at infinity.

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The “f” in f-stop stands for the focal length of the lens.

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an opening, hole, or gap.

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a certain type of visual distortion

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the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion

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a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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American Standards Association

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International Organization for Standardization

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the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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an effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.

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using colour, temperature, and brightness to create a comfortable and even level of light throughout a space.

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light that's filtered by something.

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illuminate from behind.

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image magnification increases with the distance from the optical axis.

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a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards

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a projection of one side of the figure onto its perpendicular plane.

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a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.

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a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book.

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a term used to refer to the areas of interest and focus in a piece of artwork.

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a term used in art to describe the space surrounding a subject.

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a guide to where to place a subject (a tree, person, building, etc.) or element in a photo (like the horizon) where it will be most pleasing to the eye.

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a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or

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a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same

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based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

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not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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helping to improve; promoting further development or advancement

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a design element made up of colors that gradually fade into one another.

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adding white to red creates pink, adding black to red creates maroon,

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1. a color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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muted shades that appear to lack color but often have underlying hues that change with different lighting.

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orange, red, yellow, and combinations of these and similar colors

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blue, green, and light purple.

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is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and
to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

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is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal
areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the
work of art.

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is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the
artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could
be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses
volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a
sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free
flowing.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the
lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway
between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look
as if they might feel if touched.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are
defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value,
and intensity.
• Hue: name of color
• Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value
changes when white or black is added)
• Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high
intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity=
color is faint and dull)

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to
height and width.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line
may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or
abstract.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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applying an emulsion of light-sensitive silver salts in gelatin to a sheet of paper coated with a layer of baryta, a white pigment mixed with gelatin.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge.

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a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.